![]() Kabul, the economic capital of Afghanistan | |
Currency | Afghani (AFN) |
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21 December – 20 December | |
Trade organizations | WTO, SCO (observer), SAARC and ECO |
Country group |
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Statistics | |
Population | ![]() |
GDP | |
GDP rank | |
GDP growth |
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GDP per capita | |
GDP per capita rank | |
GDP by sector |
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4.5% (2020 est.)[4] | |
Population below poverty line |
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Labor force | |
Labor force by occupation |
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Unemployment | ![]() |
Main industries | small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel, food-products, non-alcoholic beverages, mineral water, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper |
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External | |
Exports |
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Export goods | fruits, nuts, Afghan rugs, wool, cotton, hides, gemstone, and medical herbs[14] |
Main export partners |
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Imports | ![]() |
Import goods | machinery and other capital goods, food, textiles and petroleum products |
Main import partners |
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Gross external debt | $1.4 billion (2022)[16][17] |
Public finances | |
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−15.1% (of GDP) (2017)[6] | |
Revenues | 2.276 billion (2017)[6] |
Expenses | 5.328 billion (2017)[6] |
Foreign reserves | $9.6 billion (Frozen by the U.S.)(2021)[18] |
The economy of Afghanistan is listed as 103rd in the world in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) based on purchasing power parity (PPP). With a population of nearly 40 million people, Afghanistan's GDP (PPP) stands at around $70 billion with an exchange rate of $20 billion (2017), and the GDP (PPP) per capita is about $2,000.[6][19] Its total external debt is 1.4 billion as of 2022.[16][17] The Afghan economy has been steadily increasing in the last two decades mainly due to the influx of millions of expats, improvement of national infrastructure, establishment of more trade routes with neighboring and regional countries, and expansion of the nation's agriculture and mining.[20]
The billions of dollars in assistance that came from expats and the international community saw this increase when there was more political reliability after NATO became involved in Afghanistan.[21] It currently imports around $5 billion worth of goods but exports little over $1 billion worth of legal products,[22][23][24] mainly fruits and nuts.[14]
Despite holding over one trillion dollars in proven untapped mineral deposits, Afghanistan remains one of the least developed countries in the world. Its unemployment rate is over 23%[6] and about half of its population lives below the poverty line.[6][25] The main factor behind all of this has been the continues war in Afghanistan, which not only deters major foreign investors and aid deliveries but also affects the health of the entire population.[26] Afghanistan has long sought foreign investment in order to improve its economy.[27] To further deteriorate the Afghan economy, the Biden administration in the United States has frozen Afghanistan's $9.5 billion assets.[28][29][30]
The national currency of Afghanistan is the afghani (AFN), which has an exchange rate of around 95 afghanis to 1 US dollar. The central bank of Afghanistan is Da Afghanistan Bank. A number of local banks operate in the country, including the Afghanistan International Bank, Azizi Bank, New Kabul Bank and Pashtany Bank. The use of foreign currencies is officially banned.[31][32][33] The use of cryptocurrency is also banned by the government.[34]
Economic history
In the early modern period under the rule of kings Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901) and Habibullah Khan (1901–1919), a great deal of Afghan commerce was centrally controlled by the Afghan government. The Afghan monarchs were eager to develop the stature of government and the country's military capability, and so attempted to raise money by the imposition of state monopolies on the sale of commodities and high taxes. This slowed the long-term development of Afghanistan during that period. Western technologies and manufacturing methods were slowly introduced during these eras at the command of the Afghan ruler, but in general only according to the logistical requirements of the growing army. An emphasis was placed on the manufacture of weapons and other military material. This process was in the hands of a small number of Western experts invited to Kabul by the Afghan kings.[35] Otherwise, it was not possible for outsiders, particularly westerners, to set up large-scale enterprises in Afghanistan during that period.[36]
The first prominent plan to develop Afghanistan's economy in modern times was the Helmand Valley Authority project of 1952, modeled on the Tennessee Valley Authority in the United States, which was expected to be of primary economic importance.[37] Glenn Foster, an American contractor working in Afghanistan in the 1950s, stated this about the Afghan people:
Their diet may not be abundant but you don't see the hunger that you do in some countries and beggars are seldom seen. Even though there are masses of people the country seems able to feed them all.[35]
Afghanistan began facing severe economic hardships during the 1979 Soviet invasion and ensuing civil war destroyed much of the country's limited infrastructure, and disrupted normal patterns of economic activity. Eventually, Afghanistan went from a traditional economy to a centrally planned economy up until 2002 when it was replaced by a free market economy.[38] Gross domestic product has fallen substantially since the 1980s due to disruption of trade and transport as well as loss of labor and capital. Continuing internal strife severely hampered domestic efforts to rebuild the nation or provide ways for the international community to help.
According to the International Monetary Fund, the Afghan economy grew 20% in the fiscal year ending in March 2004, after expanding 30% in the previous 12 months. The growth was mainly attributed to international aid and to the end of droughts. Billions of dollars in international aid had entered Afghanistan from 2002 to 2021 but most of it was military aid. A GDP of $4 billion in fiscal year 2003 was recalculated by the IMF to $6.1 billion, after adding proceeds from opium production. Mean graduate pay was $0.56 per man-hour in 2010. The country expects to be self sufficient in wheat, rice, poultry and dairy production by 2026.[39]
Most international development aid to Afghanistan was temporarily suspended following the Taliban's takeover of the country in August 2021.[40] The World Bank and International Monetary Fund also halted payments during that priod.[41][42] The Biden administration froze about $9 billion in assets belonging to the Afghan central bank, which was intended to block the Taliban from accessing the money.[43][44] The recent floods, earthquake and famine have created further adverse economic situation for many Afghans across the country.[45]
Agriculture and livestock
Agriculture remains Afghanistan’s most important source of employment: 60-80 percent of Afghanistan’s population works in this sector, although it accounts for less than a third of GDP due to insufficient irrigation, drought, lack of market access, and other structural impediments. Most Afghan farmers are primarily subsistence farmers.[46]
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20221104142445im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/A_fruit_vendor_at_the_Kabul_International_AgFair-2009.jpg/200px-A_fruit_vendor_at_the_Kabul_International_AgFair-2009.jpg)
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20221104142445im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Afghan_pomegranate_processing.jpg/200px-Afghan_pomegranate_processing.jpg)
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20221104142445im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Tunnelerziehung_Afghanistan_02.jpg/200px-Tunnelerziehung_Afghanistan_02.jpg)
Afghanistan produced in 2018:
- 3.6 million tons of wheat;
- 984 thousand tons of grape (18th largest world producer);
- 615 thousand tons of potato;
- 591 thousand tons of vegetable;
- 381 thousand tons of watermelon;
- 352 thousand tons of rice;
- 329 thousand tons of melon;
- 217 thousand tons of apple;
- 150 thousand tons of onion;
- 106 thousand tons of maize;
- 56 thousand tons of barley;
- 47 thousand tons of peach;
In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.[47]
Afghanistan currently produces roughly 1.5 million tons of fresh fruits annually, which could be increased significantly.[48] It is known for producing some of the finest fruits, especially pomegranates and grapes as well as sweet melons and mulberries.[49][50] Other fruits grown in the country are apricots, apples, figs, peaches, cherries and strawberries.[51][52][53][54][55][56] The number of farms are steadily increasing.[57][58] The use of greenhouse is also expanding throughout the country.[59][60]
The northern and western Afghan provinces are long known for pistachio cultivation.[61][62][63][64][65] In recent years, farmers in the southern provinces have also begun cultivating pistachios.[66] Provinces in the east of the country are famous for pine nuts.[67][68] The northern and central provinces are also famous for almonds and walnuts.[69][70] The Bamyan Province in central Afghanistan is known for growing superior quality potatoes, which produced 370,000 tons in 2020.[71] Nangarhar and Kunar provinces are known for lemons, oranges, olives, peanuts and dates.[72][73][74][75] Cultivation of these products have spread to other provinces of the country.[76][77][78] In recent years some locals have test-planted a small number of banana trees in the provinces of Helmand and Balkh.[79]
Wheat and cereal production is Afghanistan's traditional agricultural mainstay. National wheat production in 2015 was 5 million tons.[80] Afghanistan is nearing self-sufficiency in grain production. It requires an additional 1 million ton of wheat to become self-sufficient, which is predicted to be accomplished in the near future.[81] The overall agricultural production sometimes declines following droughts.
Livestock in Afghanistan mainly include cattle, sheep, and goats.[82] Poultry farming is widespread in the warmer parts of the country.[83][84]
Arable land in Afghanistan was reported to be around 8 million hectares. Wheat production had stood at about 5 million tonnes in 2015,[80] nurseries held 119,000 hectares of land, and grape production is at 615,000 tonnes. Almond production has jumped to 56,000 tons and cotton to 45,000 tonnes.[85] In 2019, it was reported that about 4,000 hectares (10,000 acres) of land in Afghanistan is used to cultivate saffron.[86]
According to the World Bank's report published in April 2019, Afghanistan's economy suffered from the consequences of a severe drought that affected the agriculture production in 2018. While the wheat production declined by 24%, milk production declined by 30%.[87]
Forestry
According to a 2010 report, only about 2.1% (or 1,350,000 ha) of Afghanistan is forested.[88] Some steps have been taken in recent years in planting trees in the urban areas across Afghanistan.[89][90][91][92][93] Even the Taliban spiritual leader has recently called for planting more trees.[94][95]
Fishing
Afghanistan is landlocked with no direct access to an ocean but it has a number of reservoirs, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams,[96] which make it a suitable climate for fish farming.[97] Historically, fish constituted a smaller part of the Afghan diet because of the unavailability of modern fish farms. Fishing only took place in the lakes and rivers, particularly in the Kunar, Amu and Helmand rivers.[98] Consumption of fish has increased sharply due to the establishment of many fish farms. There are over 2,600 of them in the country.[99] The largest one is at the Qargha, which supplies fish eggs to the other fish farms. Fish farming has also been launched in the Afghan-India Friendship Dam.[100]
Trade and industry
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20221104142445im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Lapis_Lazuli_Route.png/280px-Lapis_Lazuli_Route.png)
Afghanistan's geographical location makes it economically secured.[101][102][103] The Lapis Lazuli corridor connects Afghanistan with Turkmenistan and ultimately ends somewhere in Europe.[104] Other such trade routes connect Afghanistan with neighboring Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.[105] The country also has direct trade with China and India via air corridor. It has four international airports, which include: Kabul International Airport in the capital city; Mazar-e Sharif International Airport in the north of the country; Herat International Airport in the west; and the Ahmad Shah Baba International Airport in Kandahar. It also has over a dozen domestic airports all across the country. Ariana Afghan Airlines and Kam Air are currently the only airlines of Afghanistan. Its national rail network is slowly expanding to connect Central Asia with Pakistan and Iran.[106][107] In addition to Central Asia, imported goods also come in trains from Iran.[108]
The Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement (APTTA) allows Afghan and Pakistani cargo trucks to transit goods within both nations. This revised US-sponsored APTTA agreement also allows Afghan trucks to transport exports to India via Pakistan up to the Wagah crossing point. There are about a dozen international border crossings across Afghanistan. They include Abu Nasar Port in Farah Province,[109] Angur Ada in Paktika Province, Aqina in Faryab Province, Ghulam Khan in Khost Province, Hairatan in Balkh Province, Islam Qala in Herat Province, Sher Khan Bandar in Kunduz Province, Torghundi in Herat Province, Torkham in Nangarhar Province, Spin Boldak in Kandahar Province, Wakhjir in Wakhan, and Zaranj in Nimruz Province.[110][111] The country also has legal access to two major seaports in Pakistan, the Gwadar Port in Balochistan and the Port Qasim in Sindh.[112] Afghanistan also has legal access to two major seaports in Iran, which include the Bandar Abbas and the Chabahar Port in the south of the country.
Afghanistan is endowed with a wealth of natural resources,[113] which include (among other things) extensive deposits of natural gas, petroleum, coal, marble, gold, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semi-precious stones, and many rare earth elements.[114][115] In 2006, a U.S. Geological Survey estimated that Afghanistan has as much as 1,000 million cubic metres (36 billion cubic feet) of natural gas, 570 million cubic metres (3.6 billion barrels) of oil and condensate reserves.[116] According to a 2007 assessment, Afghanistan has significant amounts of undiscovered non-fuel mineral resources. Geologists also found indications of abundant deposits of colored stones and gemstones, including emerald, ruby, sapphire, garnet, lapis lazuli, kunzite, spinel, tourmaline and peridot.[117]
In 2010, U.S. Pentagon officials along with American geologists have revealed the discovery of nearly $1 trillion in untapped mineral deposits in Afghanistan.[118][119] A memo from the Pentagon stated that Afghanistan could become the "Saudi Arabia of lithium".[120] Some believe that the untapped minerals are worth up to $3 trillion.[121][122][123] The Khanashin carbonatites in the Helmand Province of the country have an estimated 1 million metric tonnes of rare earth elements.[124]
Afghanistan currently has a copper mining deal with China Metallurgical Group Corporation,[125] which involves the investment of $2.8 billion by China and an annual income of about $400 million to the Afghan government. The country's Ainak copper mine, located in Logar Province, is one of the biggest in the world. It is estimated to hold at least 11 million tonnes or US$33 billion worth of copper.[126][127]
On October 5, 2018 in Washington, D.C., Afghan officials signed a 30-year contract with investment group Centar and its operating company, Afghan Gold and Minerals Co., to explore and develop a copper mining operation in Balkhab District in Sar-e Pol Province and to explore and develop a gold mining operation in Badakhshan Province. The copper contract involved a $56 million investment and the gold contract a $22 million investment.[128]
The country's other recently announced treasure is the Hajigak iron ore mine, located 210 kilometres (130 mi) west of Kabul and is believed to hold an estimated 1.8 billion to 2 billion metric tons of the mineral used to make steel. AFISCO, an Indian consortium of seven companies, led by the Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), and Canada's Kilo Goldmines Ltd are expected to jointly invest $14.6 billion in developing the Hajigak iron mine.[129] The country has several coal mines but need to be modernized.[130][131][132]
Afghanistan's important resource in the past has been natural gas, which was first tapped in 1967. During the 1980s, gas sales accounted for $300 million a year in export revenues (56% of the total). About 90% of these exports went to the Soviet Union to pay for imports and debts. However, during the withdrawal of Soviet troops in 1989, the natural gas fields were capped to prevent sabotage by criminals. Gas production has dropped from a high of 8.2 million cubic metres (290 million cubic feet) per day in the 1980s to a low of about 600,000 cubic metres (21 million cubic feet) in 2001. Production of natural gas was restored during the Karzai administration in 2010.[133]
In December 2011, Afghanistan signed an oil exploration contract with China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) for the development of three oil fields along the Amu Darya river.[134][135] CNPC began Afghan oil production in late October 2012, with extracting 240,000 cubic metres (1.5 million barrels) of oil annually.[136] It was reported in August 2022 that Russia may soon enter into trade deals with Afghanistan.[137]
Economic development and recovery
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20221104142445im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_attends_a_trilateral_Meeting_in_Iran.jpg/300px-Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_attends_a_trilateral_Meeting_in_Iran.jpg)
Afghanistan embarked on a modest economic development program in the 1930s. The government founded banks; introduced paper money; established a university; expanded primary, secondary, and technical schools; and sent students abroad for education. In 1952 it created the Helmand Valley Authority to manage the economic development of the Helmand and Arghandab valleys through irrigation and land development,[37] a scheme which remains one of the country's most important capital resources.[138]
In 1956, the government promulgated the first in a long series of ambitious development plans.[35] By the late 1970s, these had achieved only mixed results due to flaws in the planning process as well as inadequate funding and a shortage of the skilled managers and technicians needed for implementation.[139]
Da Afghanistan Bank serves as the central bank of the nation. The "Afghani" (AFN) is the national currency, which has an exchange rate of nearly 95 Afghanis to 1 US dollar. There are over a dozen different banks operating in the country, including Afghanistan International Bank, Kabul Bank, Azizi Bank, Pashtany Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, and First Micro Finance Bank. Cash is still widely used for most transactions. A new law on private investment provides three to seven-year tax holidays to eligible companies and a four-year exemption from exports tariffs and duties. Improvements to the business-enabling environment have resulted in more than $1.5 billion in telecom investment and created more than 100,000 jobs since 2003.[140]
Afghanistan is a member of World Trade Organization, SAARC, ECO, OIC, and has an observer status in the SCO. It seeks to complete the so-called New Silk Road trade project, which is aimed to connecting South Asia with Central Asia and the Middle East. This way Afghanistan will be able to collect large fees from trade passing through the country, including from the Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline. Foreign Minister Zalmai Rassoul has stated that the "goal is to achieve an Afghan economy whose growth is based on trade, private enterprise and investment". Experts believe that this will revolutionize the economy of the region.
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20221104142445im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Khair_Khana_in_2012.jpg/220px-Khair_Khana_in_2012.jpg)
Some of the national development projects include the $35 bn New Kabul City next to the capital,[141] the Aino Mena in Kandahar, and the Ghazi Amanullah Khan Town east of Jalalabad. Similar development projects are also found in Herat in the west, Mazar-e-Sharif in the north and in other cities.
Afghan handwoven rugs are one of the most popular products for exportation. Other products include hand crafted antique replicas as well as leather and furs. Afghanistan is the third largest exporter of cashmere.[142] Afghanistan has very limited textile industry. The country imports roughly $500 million of textile goods from other countries.[143] Very few major international food companies operate in Afghanistan. One is the Coca-Cola Company and the other Alokozay Group of Companies (AGC).[144] Other major companies,[145][146] including PepsiCo, may one day enter the Afghan market.[147]
In February 2019, it was reported that the World Bank granted $235 million to the government of Afghanistan for the country's development and growth. The acting Minister of Finance Humayon Qayoumi said that out of the total amount granted, $75 million will finance "the Tackling Afghanistan's Government HRM (Human Resource Management) and Institutional Reforms (TAGHIR) project, which will strengthen the capacity of selected line ministries. The grant also includes 25 million U.S. dollars from IDA (International Development Association) and 50 million U.S. dollars from ARTF (Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund)."[148]
After the Taliban takeover in August 2021, the country suffered from a major liquidity crisis and lack of banknotes. Because outside donors have severely cut funding to support Afghanistan health, education, and other essential sectors, millions of Afghans lost their incomes. Under the assessment system of the World Food Programme (WFP), almost 20 million people suffered either level-3 “crisis” or level-4 “emergency” levels of food insecurity. The crisis’ impact on women and girls was especially severe.[149] Officials under the new Islamic Emirate continue to provide communication services to areas that lacked them.[150]
Tourism
Tourism in Afghanistan was at its peak in 1977. Many tourists from around the world came to visit Afghanistan, including from as far away as Europe and North America. All of that ended with the start of the April 1978 Saur Revolution. However, it is again gradually increasing despite having reputation as one of the most dangerous countries in the world. Each year about 20,000 foreign tourists visit Afghanistan.[151] Tourists are advised to avoid areas where armed criminals are known to operate.[152]
The city of Kabul has many guest houses and hotels, which include the Serena Hotel, the Hotel Inter-Continental Kabul, and the Safi Landmark Hotel. Small number of guest houses and hotels are also available in other cities such Kandahar, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif, Jalalabad, Bamyan, Fayezabad, etc.[153]
The following are some notable places in Afghanistan that tourists visit:
- Badakhshan
- Balkh
- Great Blue Mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif
- Balkh
- Hairatan (border crossing between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan)
- Bamyan
- Herat
- Great Mosque of Herat
- Herat Citadel
- Islam Qala (border crossing between Afghanistan and Iran)
- Torghundi (border crossing between Afghanistan and Turkmenistan)
- Afghan-India Friendship Dam
- Kabul
- Arg (Presidential Palace)
- Chihil Sutun
- Darulaman (Darul Aman Palace, Tajbeg Palace, Afghan Parliament, National Museum of Afghanistan, etc.)
- Gardens of Babur
- Paghman
- Kandahar
- Aino Mina (provides safe guesthouses/hotels and tour guides)
- Shrine of the Cloak
- Shrine of Baba Wali
- Chilzina Park
- Mausoleum of Mirwais Hotak
- Dahla Dam
- Nangarhar
- Jalalabad
- Ghazi Amanullah International Cricket Stadium (next to Ghazi Amanullah Khan Town)
- Torkham (border crossing between Afghanistan and Pakistan)
- Nimruz
- Zaranj (border crossing between Afghanistan and Iran)
- Kamal Khan Dam
National data
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 2002–2020 (with IMF staff estimates in 2021–2026).[154] Inflation below 5% is in green. The annual unemployment rate is extracted from the World Bank, although the International Monetary Fund find them unreliable.[155]
Year | GDP
(in Bil. US$PPP) |
GDP per capita
(in US$ PPP) |
GDP
(in Bil. US$nominal) |
GDP per capita
(in US$ nominal) |
GDP growth
(real) |
Inflation rate
(in Percent) |
Unemployment[155]
(in Percent) |
Government debt
(in % of GDP) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 19.68 | 1,051.82 | 4.37 | 233.43 | n/a | n/a | 11.3% | 346.0% |
2003 | ![]() |
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2004 | ![]() |
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2005 | ![]() |
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2006 | ![]() |
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2007 | ![]() |
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2008 | ![]() |
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2009 | ![]() |
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2010 | ![]() |
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2011 | ![]() |
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2012 | ![]() |
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2013 | ![]() |
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2014 | ![]() |
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2015 | ![]() |
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2016 | ![]() |
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2017 | ![]() |
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2018 | ![]() |
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2019 | ![]() |
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2020 | ![]() |
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2021 | ![]() |
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2022 | ![]() |
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2023 | ![]() |
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2024 | ![]() |
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2025 | ![]() |
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2026 | ![]() |
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Gross national saving: 22.7% of GDP (2017)
GDP - composition by sector:
- agriculture: 23%
- industry: 21.1%
- services: 55.9%
note: data excludes opium production
GDP - composition by end use:
- household consumption: 81.6% (2016)
- government consumption: 12% (2016)
- investment in fixed capital: 17.2% (2016)
- investment in inventories: 30% (2016)
- exports of goods and services: 6.7% (2016)
- imports of goods and services: -47.6% (2016)
Ease of Doing Business Index scores:
- Overall score: 44.1 (2020)
- Starting a Business score: 92 (2020)
- Trading score: 30.6 (2020)
- Enforcement score: 31.8 (2020)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
- lowest 10%: 3.8%
- highest 10%: 24% (2008)
Agriculture - products: wheat, milk, grapes, vegetables, potatoes, watermelons, melons, rice, onions, apples
Industries: small-scale production of bricks, textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, apparel, food-products, non-alcoholic beverages, mineral water, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper
Industrial production growth rate: -1.9% (2016)
country comparison to the world: 181
Labor force: 8.478 million (2017)
country comparison to the world: 58
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 44.3%, industry 18.1%, services 37.6% (2017)
Population below poverty line: 54.5% (2017)
Budget:
- revenues: 2.276 billion (2017)
- expenditures: 5.328 billion
Taxes and other revenues: 11.2% (of GDP) (2017)
country comparison to the world: 210
Exports: $784 million (2017)
country comparison to the world: 169
Exports - commodities: gold, grapes, opium, fruits and nuts, insect resins, cotton, handwoven carpets, soapstone, scrap metal (2019)
Exports - partners: United Arab Emirates 45%, Pakistan 24%, India 22%, China 1% (2019)
Imports: $7.616 billion (2017)
country comparison to the world: 119
Imports - commodities: wheat flours, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum, rolled tobacco, aircraft parts, synthetic fabrics (2019)
Imports - partners: United Arab Emirates 23%, Pakistan 17%, India 13%, China 9%, United States 9%, Uzbekistan 7%, Kazakhstan 6% (2019)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $7.187 billion (2017)
country comparison to the world: 85
Current account balance: $1.014 billion (2017)
country comparison to the world: 49
Currency: Afghani (AFN)
Exchange rates: Afghanis (AFN) per US dollar - 68.3 = $1
- 57.25 (2013)
- 46.45 (2010)
Fiscal year: 21 December - 20 December
Energy in Afghanistan
Energy in Afghanistan is provided by hydropower followed by fossil fuel and solar power.[6] According to Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS), approximately 35% of Afghanistan's population has access to electricity.[157] This covers the major cities in the country. Many rural areas do not have access to 24-hour electricity but this should change after the major CASA-1000 project is completed.[158]
Afghanistan currently generates over 600 megawatts (MW) of electricity from its several hydroelectric plants as well as using fossil fuel and solar panels.[6] Over 670 MW more is imported from neighboring Iran, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.[157]
Due to the large influx of expats from neighboring Pakistan and Iran, Afghanistan may require as much as 7,000 MW of electricity in the coming years.[159] The Afghan National Development Strategy has identified renewable energy alternatives, such as wind and solar energy, as a high value power source to develop.[160][161] As a result, a number of solar and wind farms have been established,[162][163] with more currently under development.[164][165][166][167][168][169]
See also
References
- ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
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{{cite web}}
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This article incorporates public domain material from World Factbook. CIA.
External links
- The World Bank In Afghanistan
- Asian Development Bank - Afghanistan and ADB
- FAO in Afghanistan
- Afghan Agriculture Archived 2021-01-11 at the Wayback Machine (information resource site maintained by UC Davis and USDA)