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| status = VU |
| status = VU |
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| status_system = iucn3.1 |
| status_system = iucn3.1 |
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+ | | status_ref = <ref name="iucn" /> |
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− | | status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=8206|title=Eulemur collaris|downloaded=1 January 2009}}</ref> |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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[[Image:Brown lemur bronx zoo.jpg|thumb|right|Collared Brown Lemur at Madagascar Exhibit of [[Bronx Zoo]]]] |
[[Image:Brown lemur bronx zoo.jpg|thumb|right|Collared Brown Lemur at Madagascar Exhibit of [[Bronx Zoo]]]] |
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+ | The '''Collared Brown Lemur''' (''Eulemur collaris'') is a medium-sized [[Strepsirrhini|Strepsirhine]] [[primate]] and one of ten species of [[True lemur|brown lemur]] in the [[Lemuridae]] family.<ref name="msw3" /> It is only found in south-eastern [[Madagascar]].<ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=8206|title=Eulemur collaris|downloaded=1 January 2009}}</ref> Like most species of [[lemur]], it is [[arboreal]], moving [[quadruped]]ally and occasionally leaping from tree to tree. Like other brown lemurs, it lives in social groups, primarily eats fruit, is active both day and night, exhibits [[sexual dichromatism]], and does not demonstrate [[Matriarchy|female dominance]].<ref name="Mittermeier">{{cite book | last = Mittermeier | first = R.A. | coauthors = et al. | authorlink = Russell Mittermeier | title = Lemurs of Madagascar | edition = 2nd Edition | page = 278–279 | publisher = Conservation International | year = 2006 | isbn=1-881173-88-7}}</ref> |
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− | The '''Collared Brown Lemur''' (''Eulemur collaris'') is a species of [[primate]] in the [[Lemuridae]] family.<ref name=msw3/> It is only found in south-eastern [[Madagascar]].<ref name=iucn/> It is an [[arboreal]] and [[diurnal animal]].<ref name=iucn/> |
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+ | |||
+ | ==Anatomy and physiology== |
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+ | An adult Collared Brown Lemur can reach a head-body length of {{convert|39|and|40|cm|in|lk=off|abbr=on}} and have a tail length of {{convert|50|and|55|cm|in|lk=off|abbr=on}} for an overall length of {{convert|89|and|95|cm|in|lk=off|abbr=on}}. It has an average body weight of {{convert|2.25|and|2.5|kg|lb|lk=off|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Mittermeier" /><ref name="Garbutt">{{cite book | last = Garbutt | first = N. | title = Mammals of Madagascar, A Complete Guide | page = 164–165 | publisher = A&C Black Publishers | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-300-12550-4}}</ref> The Collared Brown Lemur does not demonstrate [[sexual dimorphism]], but does exhibit [[sexual dichromatism]]. The following table illustrates the coloration differences between the sexes: |
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+ | |||
+ | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" align="center" |
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+ | |+Differences in coloration between sexes in the Collared Brown Lemur<ref name="Mittermeier" /><ref name="Garbutt" /> |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! !! Male !! Female |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! Dorsal coat |
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+ | | Brownish-gray |
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+ | | Browner and more rufous than the male's |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! Ventral coat |
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+ | | Paler gray |
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+ | | Pale creamy-gray |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! Tail |
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+ | | Darker gray with a dark stripe along the spine |
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+ | | Same as dorsal coat |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! Face and head |
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+ | | Muzzle, face and crown are dark gray to black; creamy to gray-colored eyebrow patches vary between individuals |
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+ | | Gray, with faint gray stripe extending over crown |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! Cheeks |
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+ | | Creamy to rufous-brown cheeks and beard are thick and bushy |
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+ | | Rufous-brown, but less prominent than the male's |
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+ | |- |
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+ | ! Eyes |
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+ | | orange-red |
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+ | | orange-red |
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+ | |} |
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+ | |||
+ | In the wild, the Collared Brown Lemur's range does not overlap with other brown lemurs, so it is rarely confused with other species.<ref name="Garbutt" /> However, in captivity it can be easily confused with the [[White-collared Brown Lemur]] due to similar coloration. The male Collared Brown Lemur can be distinguished by their cream-colored or rufous beards, whereas the male White-collared Brown Lemur has a white beard. Females of these two species are nearly indistinguishable, despite that genetic analyses support full species status for both taxa.<ref name="Mittermeier" /> |
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+ | |||
+ | ==Ecology== |
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+ | Found in tropical moist lowland and montaine forests in southeastern Madagascar, the Collared Brown Lemur's range spans west to the forests of [[Kalambatritra|Kalambatritra Reserve]] and in the south from [[Tôlanaro]] north to the [[List of rivers of Madagascar|Mananara River]].<ref name="Mittermeier" /><ref name="Garbutt" /> The Mananara River also acts as a boundary between the ranges of the Collared Brown Lemur and the White-collared Brown Lemur to the north.<ref name="Mittermeier" /> It can be seen in the [[Mandena Conservation Zone]], [[Saint Luce Private Reserve]], and the [[Andohahela National Park]].<ref name="Mittermeier" /> |
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+ | |||
+ | ==Behavior== |
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+ | Very little is known about this species since little has been published about it. It is thought to be primarily [[frugivorous|frugivore]] as well as [[cathemeral]] (active both day and night throughout the year).<ref name="Mittermeier" /><ref name="Garbutt" /> |
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+ | |||
+ | The Collared Brown Lemur tends to live in social groups that are multi-male/multi-female,<ref name="Mittermeier" /> with groups ranging in size from three to seven.<ref name="Garbutt" /> Population densities are estimated at 14 individuals/km<sup>2</sup>, and it appears to be common within its range.<ref name="Mittermeier" /> Unlike many other lemur species, but like most [[True lemur|brown lemur]]s, [[Matriarchy|female dominance]] has not been observed.<ref name="Mittermeier" /> |
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+ | |||
+ | Females give birth to one offspring between October and December. Male involvement with the young has been observed.<ref name="Garbutt" /> |
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+ | |||
+ | ==Conservation Status== |
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+ | The Collared Brown Lemur was listed as ''Vulnerable'' (VU A2cd) in the 2008 IUCN Red List assessment,<ref name="iucn" />. Its greatest threat is [[Habitat destruction|habitat loss]] from [[Slash and burn|slash-and-burn agriculture]] and [[charcoal]] production. It is also hunted for food and captured for the local pet trade.<ref name="Mittermeier" /> |
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+ | |||
+ | A small group of Collared Brown Lemurs was introduced in the 1980s into the [[Berenty Reserve|Berenty Private Reserve]] and has since [[Hybrid (biology) |hybridized]] with [[introduced species|introduced]] [[Red-fronted Lemur]]s.<ref name="Mittermeier" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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− | {{primate-stub}} |
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{{Lemuridae nav}} |
{{Lemuridae nav}} |
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[[Category:Prosimians]] |
[[Category:Prosimians]] |
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− | [[Category:Endemic |
+ | [[Category:Endemic fauna of Madagascar]] |
+ | [[Category:Mammals of Madagascar]] |
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[[es:Eulemur collaris]] |
[[es:Eulemur collaris]] |
Revision as of 23:19, 28 January 2009
Collared Brown Lemur[1] | |
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Scientific classification | |
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Genus: | |
Species: | E. collaris
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Binomial name | |
Eulemur collaris É. Geoffroy, 1817
|
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20210913023540im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Brown_lemur_bronx_zoo.jpg/220px-Brown_lemur_bronx_zoo.jpg)
The Collared Brown Lemur (Eulemur collaris) is a medium-sized Strepsirhine primate and one of ten species of brown lemur in the Lemuridae family.[1] It is only found in south-eastern Madagascar.[2] Like most species of lemur, it is arboreal, moving quadrupedally and occasionally leaping from tree to tree. Like other brown lemurs, it lives in social groups, primarily eats fruit, is active both day and night, exhibits sexual dichromatism, and does not demonstrate female dominance.[3]
Anatomy and physiology
An adult Collared Brown Lemur can reach a head-body length of 39 and 40 cm (15 and 16 in) and have a tail length of 50 and 55 cm (20 and 22 in) for an overall length of 89 and 95 cm (35 and 37 in). It has an average body weight of 2.25 and 2.5 kg (5.0 and 5.5 lb).[3][4] The Collared Brown Lemur does not demonstrate sexual dimorphism, but does exhibit sexual dichromatism. The following table illustrates the coloration differences between the sexes:
Male | Female | |
---|---|---|
Dorsal coat | Brownish-gray | Browner and more rufous than the male's |
Ventral coat | Paler gray | Pale creamy-gray |
Tail | Darker gray with a dark stripe along the spine | Same as dorsal coat |
Face and head | Muzzle, face and crown are dark gray to black; creamy to gray-colored eyebrow patches vary between individuals | Gray, with faint gray stripe extending over crown |
Cheeks | Creamy to rufous-brown cheeks and beard are thick and bushy | Rufous-brown, but less prominent than the male's |
Eyes | orange-red | orange-red |
In the wild, the Collared Brown Lemur's range does not overlap with other brown lemurs, so it is rarely confused with other species.[4] However, in captivity it can be easily confused with the White-collared Brown Lemur due to similar coloration. The male Collared Brown Lemur can be distinguished by their cream-colored or rufous beards, whereas the male White-collared Brown Lemur has a white beard. Females of these two species are nearly indistinguishable, despite that genetic analyses support full species status for both taxa.[3]
Ecology
Found in tropical moist lowland and montaine forests in southeastern Madagascar, the Collared Brown Lemur's range spans west to the forests of Kalambatritra Reserve and in the south from Tôlanaro north to the Mananara River.[3][4] The Mananara River also acts as a boundary between the ranges of the Collared Brown Lemur and the White-collared Brown Lemur to the north.[3] It can be seen in the Mandena Conservation Zone, Saint Luce Private Reserve, and the Andohahela National Park.[3]
Behavior
Very little is known about this species since little has been published about it. It is thought to be primarily frugivore as well as cathemeral (active both day and night throughout the year).[3][4]
The Collared Brown Lemur tends to live in social groups that are multi-male/multi-female,[3] with groups ranging in size from three to seven.[4] Population densities are estimated at 14 individuals/km2, and it appears to be common within its range.[3] Unlike many other lemur species, but like most brown lemurs, female dominance has not been observed.[3]
Females give birth to one offspring between October and December. Male involvement with the young has been observed.[4]
Conservation Status
The Collared Brown Lemur was listed as Vulnerable (VU A2cd) in the 2008 IUCN Red List assessment,[2]. Its greatest threat is habitat loss from slash-and-burn agriculture and charcoal production. It is also hunted for food and captured for the local pet trade.[3]
A small group of Collared Brown Lemurs was introduced in the 1980s into the Berenty Private Reserve and has since hybridized with introduced Red-fronted Lemurs.[3]
References
- ^ a b Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b c Template:IUCN2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mittermeier, R.A. (2006). Lemurs of Madagascar (2nd Edition ed.). Conservation International. p. 278–279. ISBN 1-881173-88-7. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=
ignored (|author=
suggested) (help);|edition=
has extra text (help) - ^ a b c d e f g Garbutt, N. (2007). Mammals of Madagascar, A Complete Guide. A&C Black Publishers. p. 164–165. ISBN 978-0-300-12550-4.