Southwestern Athletic Conference | |
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Established | 1920 |
Association | NCAA |
Division | Division I |
Subdivision | FCS |
Members | 12 |
Sports fielded |
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Region | Southern |
Headquarters | Birmingham, Alabama |
Commissioner | Charles McClelland |
Website | www |
Locations | |
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Part of a series on |
African Americans |
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The Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, which is made up of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the Southern United States. It participates in the NCAA's Division I for all sports; in football, it participates in the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), formerly referred to as Division I-AA.
The SWAC is widely considered the premier HBCU conference and ranks among the elite in the nation in terms of alumni affiliated with professional sports teams, particularly in football.[1] On the gridiron, the conference has been the biggest draw on the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) level of the NCAA, leading the nation in average home attendance every year except one since FCS has been in existence.[2][3] In 1994, the SWAC fell just 40,000 fans short of becoming the first non-Football Bowl Subdivision conference to attract one million fans to its home games.
History
In 1920, athletic officials from six Texas HBCUs — C.H. Fuller of Bishop College, Red Randolph and C.H. Patterson of Paul Quinn College, E.G. Evans, H.J. Evans and H.J. Starns of Prairie View A&M, D.C. Fuller of Texas College and G. Whitte Jordan of Wiley College — met in Houston to discuss common interests. At this meeting, they agreed to form a new league, the SWAC.[citation needed]
Paul Quinn became the first of the original members to withdraw from the league in 1929. When Langston University of Oklahoma was admitted into the conference two years later, it began the migration of state-supported institutions into the SWAC. Southern University entered the ranks in 1934, followed by Arkansas AM&N (now the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff) in 1936 and Texas Southern University in 1954.[citation needed]
Rapid growth in enrollment of the state-supported schools made it difficult for the church-supported schools to finance their athletics programs and one by one they fell victim to the growing prowess of the state-supported colleges. Huston–Tillotson (formerly Samuel Huston) withdrew from the conference in 1954,[4] Bishop in 1956, and Langston in 1957—one year before the admittance of two more state-supported schools: Grambling College and Jackson State College. The enter-exit cycle continued in 1962 when Texas College withdrew,[5] followed by the admittance of Alcorn A&M (now Alcorn State University) that same year. Wiley left in 1968, the same year Mississippi Valley State College entered. Arkansas AM&N exited in 1970 and Alabama State University entered in 1982. Arkansas–Pine Bluff (formerly Arkansas AM&N) rejoined the SWAC on July 1, 1997, regaining full-member status one year later. Alabama A&M University became the conference's tenth member when it became a full member in September 1999 after a one-year period as an affiliate SWAC member.[6] Most of the former SWAC members that have left the conference are currently a part of the Red River Athletic Conference of the NAIA.
On 3 September 2020, the SWAC had announced that there would be a division realignment with the additions of Florida A&M University and Bethune-Cookman University beginning with the 2021–22 academic year; which both would compete in the SWAC East, while Alcorn State would be moving to the SWAC West.[7]
Competitions
The SWAC is one of three conferences – the others being the Ivy League and the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference – that does not automatically participate in the FCS football playoffs but can be invited via an at-large invitation as was the case in 2021 with SWAC member Florida A&M University who was invited over SWAC conference football champion Jackson State, who as the conference champion, was obligated via contract the SWAC has with the Celebration Bowl to play in the 2021 Celebration Bowl and so therefore could not participate in the FCS football playoffs. The SWAC instead splits its schools into two divisions, and plays a conference championship game. Three of the SWAC's teams, Alabama State in the Turkey Day Classic and Grambling and Southern in the Bayou Classic, play their last games of the regular season on Thanksgiving weekend, preventing the SWAC Championship from being decided until the first weekend of December, long after the tournament is underway. The SWAC has occasionally been a participant in bowl games, the most recent being the Celebration Bowl, which features the SWAC as one of its tie-ins.[citation needed]
Current championship competition offered by the SWAC includes competition for men in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, indoor track, outdoor track & field and tennis. Women's competition is offered in the sports of basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, indoor track, outdoor track & field, soccer, softball, tennis and volleyball.[6]
Member schools
Current full members
The SWAC currently has 12 full members, all but one are public schools:
- Notes
- ^ Arkansas–Pine Bluff left the SWAC after the 1969–70 school year as Arkansas AM&N; before re-joining in the 1997–98 school year as an affiliate, and to gain full member status the following season (1998–99).
Former members
The SWAC had six former full members, all but one were private schools:
Institution | Location | Founded | Affiliation | Enrollment | Nickname | Joined | Left | Current conference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bishop College | Marshall, Texas[a] | 1881 | Baptist HMS | N/A | Tigers | 1920–21 | 1955–56 | N/A[b] |
Huston–Tillotson University[c] | Austin, Texas | 1881 | Methodist, Church of Christ |
900 | Rams | 1920–21 | 1953–54[4] | Red River (RRAC) (NAIA) |
Langston University | Langston, Oklahoma | 1897 | Public | 3,922 | Lions | 1931–32 | 1956–57 | Sooner (SAC) (NAIA) |
Paul Quinn College | Dallas, Texas | 1872 | A.M.E. Church | 1,020 | Tigers | 1920–21 | 1928–29 | Red River (RRAC) (NAIA) |
Texas College | Tyler, Texas | 1894 | C.M.E. Church | 600 | Steers | 1920–21 | 1961–62[5] | Red River (RRAC) (NAIA) |
Wiley College | Marshall, Texas | 1873 | United Methodist | 1,200 | Wildcats | 1920–21 | 1967–68 | Red River (RRAC) (NAIA) (Gulf Coast (GCAC) in 2022) |
- Notes
- ^ Bishop was originally at Marshall, Texas during its tenure with the SWAC until 1961, when the college was moved to Dallas, Texas until the school's closing in 1988
- ^ Bishop was closed in 1988. Upon its closure, Paul Quinn College relocated from Waco to Dallas and re-established itself at the Bishop College campus.
- ^ Formerly known as Samuel Huston College until its merger with Tillotson College on October 24, 1952.
Divisional realignment
Alcorn State moved to the West Division with the additions of both Bethune–Cookman and Florida A&M in 2021.
East Division | West Division |
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Alabama A&M | Alcorn State |
Alabama State | Arkansas–Pine Bluff |
Bethune–Cookman | Grambling State |
Florida A&M | Prairie View A&M |
Jackson State | Southern |
Mississippi Valley State | Texas Southern |
Membership timeline
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20220531012449im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/5uywhvzxf0lle6kt71d3akdw9evsnp0.png)
Sports
The SWAC sponsors championship competitions in eight men's and ten women's NCAA sanctioned sports:[8]
Sport | Men's | Women's |
---|---|---|
Baseball | 12 |
-
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Basketball | 12 |
12
|
Bowling | - |
9
|
Cross Country | 10 |
12
|
Football | 12 |
-
|
Golf | 7 |
4
|
Soccer | - |
10
|
Softball | - |
12
|
Tennis | 8 |
11
|
Track and Field (Indoor) | 12 |
12
|
Track and Field (Outdoor) | 12 |
12
|
Volleyball | - |
12
|
Men's sponsored sports by school
School | Baseball | Basketball | Cross Country |
Football | Golf | Tennis | Track & Field (Indoor) |
Track & Field (Outdoor) |
Total SWAC Sports |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama A&M | ![]() |
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7 |
Alabama State | ![]() |
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8 |
Alcorn State | ![]() |
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7 |
Arkansas-Pine Bluff | ![]() |
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8 |
Bethune-Cookman | ![]() |
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8 |
Florida A&M | ![]() |
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6 |
Grambling State | ![]() |
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6 |
Jackson State | ![]() |
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7 |
Mississippi Valley | ![]() |
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7 |
Prairie View | ![]() |
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8 |
Southern | ![]() |
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6 |
Texas Southern | ![]() |
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7 |
Totals | 12 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 85 |
Women's sponsored sports by school
School | Basketball | Bowling | Cross Country |
Golf | Soccer | Softball | Tennis | Track & Field (Indoor) |
Track & Field (Outdoor) |
Volleyball | Total SWAC Sports |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama A&M | ![]() |
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9 |
Alabama State | ![]() |
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10 |
Alcorn State | ![]() |
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8 |
Arkansas-Pine Bluff | ![]() |
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8 |
Bethune-Cookman | ![]() |
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9 |
Florida A&M | ![]() |
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8 |
Grambling State | ![]() |
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9 |
Jackson State | ![]() |
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9 |
Mississippi Valley | ![]() |
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8 |
Prairie View | ![]() |
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10 |
Southern | ![]() |
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9 |
Texas Southern | ![]() |
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9 |
Totals | 12 | 9 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 106 |
Facilities
SWAC championships
Football
Prior to splitting into divisions and using a postseason championship game to decide its overall champion, the SWAC determined its champions by winning-percentage against conference opponents in regular season play.
In 1933 Langston appeared to win the title outright with a 4-0 conference record after the regular season, while Wiley finished 4–1, and Prairie View A&M finished 3–1. Langston was invited to the Prairie View Bowl, which was won by Prairie View. The Panthers subsequently declared themselves SWAC champions even though their claim was based on a postseason game. The SWAC seems to acknowledge both schools' claims to the title in the conference's football media guide,[14] although some other sources[15] including Michael Hurd's Black College Football, 1892–1992: One Hundred Years of History, Education, and Pride (1993) also list Wiley as an additional co-champion, apparently since all three schools had 4-1 records against conference opponents if the postseason game is incorporated into the regular season conference standings.
Prairie View vacated[15] its 1941 championship.[16] No championship was awarded in 1943 due to World War II.[15] Grambling State vacated its 1975 championship[17] due to a violation of SWAC rules for scheduling opponents.[18]
Games from 1999 to 2012 were played at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. The conference moved the game in 2013 to NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas. Starting in 2019, the game will officially be played at the first place team's home.[19] Since 2015, the winner of the SWAC plays the winner of the MEAC conference in an overall HBCU championship bowl game called the Celebration Bowl in Mercedes-Benz Stadium. The MEAC gave up its automatic bid to the FCS Playoffs for this game.
Texas Southern vacated its 2010 championship due to violations of NCAA rules.[20]
The 2020-21 football season was played during Spring 2021 due to COVID-19.
Year | Champion | Runner-up | Score |
---|---|---|---|
1999 | Southern | Jackson State | 31-30 |
2000 | Grambling State | Alabama A&M | 14-6 |
2001 | Grambling State | Alabama State | 38-31 |
2002 | Grambling State | Alabama A&M | 31-19 |
2003 | Southern | Alabama State | 20-9 |
2004 | Alabama State | Southern | 40-35 |
2005 | Grambling State | Alabama A&M | 45-6 |
2006 | Alabama A&M | Arkansas-Pine Bluff | 22–13 |
2007 | Jackson State | Grambling State | 42–31 |
2008 | Grambling State | Jackson State | 41-9 |
2009 | Prairie View A&M | Alabama A&M | 30-24 |
2010 | Texas Southern (vacated) | Alabama State | 11-6 |
2011 | Grambling State | Alabama A&M | 16-15 |
2012 | Arkansas-Pine Bluff | Jackson State | 24-21 |
2013 | Southern | Jackson State | 34-27 |
2014 | Alcorn State | Southern | 38-24 |
2015 | Alcorn State | Grambling State | 49-21[21] |
2016 | Grambling State | Alcorn State | 27-20 |
2017 | Grambling State | Alcorn State | 40-32 |
2018 | Alcorn State | Southern | 37-28 |
2019 | Alcorn State | Southern | 39-24 |
2020 | Alabama A&M | Arkansas-Pine Bluff | 40–33 |
2021 | Jackson State | Prairie View A&M | 27–10 |
Since splitting into western and eastern divisions and using a postseason championship game to decide its overall champion, the SWAC determines its division champions by winning-percentage against conference opponents in regular season play. For the 1999 season only, inter-divisional conference games did not count in the conference standings. Each division's outright champion or top-seeded co-champion advances to the championship game.[14]
Texas Southern vacated its 2010 division championship due to violations of NCAA rules.[20]
Year | Western Division Champion(s) | Eastern Division Champion(s) |
---|---|---|
1999 | Southern | Jackson State |
2000 | Grambling State | Alabama A&M* Alabama State |
2001 | Grambling State | Alabama State |
2002 | Grambling State | Alabama A&M |
2003 | Southern* Grambling State |
Alabama State* Alcorn State |
2004 | Southern | Alabama State |
2005 | Grambling State | Alabama A&M |
2006 | Arkansas-Pine Bluff | Alabama A&M |
2007 | Grambling State | Jackson State |
2008 | Grambling State | Jackson State |
2009 | Prairie View A&M | Alabama A&M |
2010 | Texas Southern* (vacated) Grambling State |
Alabama State* Jackson State |
2011 | Grambling State | Alabama A&M* Alabama State Jackson State** |
2012 | Arkansas-Pine Bluff | Jackson State* Alabama State |
2013 | Southern | Jackson State |
2014 | Southern | Alcorn State |
2015 | Grambling State | Alcorn State |
2016 | Grambling State | Alcorn State |
2017 | Grambling State | Alcorn State |
2018 | Southern | Alcorn State |
2019 | Southern | Alcorn State |
2020 | Arkansas-Pine Bluff | Alabama A&M |
2021 | Prairie View A&M | Jackson State |
Note: an asterisk denotes the division's top-seeded co-champion and representative in the SWAC Championship Game; a double-asterisk denotes that the division's co-champion was ineligible for the SWAC Championship Game due to a violation of SWAC rules that were in effect from 2011[22] to 2014[23] concerning APR scores.
Starting with the 2021 season with the additions of both Bethune-Cookman and Florida A&M, the football schedule is as follows:
- Each school plays eight conference games (five divisional, three non-divisional) and rotates three teams from the opposite division every two years.
- The best team in the SWAC gets to host the SWAC championship game.
- The SWAC champion advances to the Celebration Bowl versus the MEAC champion. The loser ends its season.
Celebration Bowl Results
Year | MEAC Team | SWAC Team | Attendance | Series | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | North Carolina A&T Aggies | 41 | Alcorn State Braves | 34 | 35,528 | MEAC 1–0 |
2016 | North Carolina Central Eagles | 9 | Grambling State Tigers | 10 | 31,096 | Tied 1–1 |
2017 | North Carolina A&T Aggies | 21 | Grambling State Tigers | 14 | 25,873 | MEAC 2–1 |
2018 | North Carolina A&T Aggies | 24 | Alcorn State Braves | 22 | 31,672 | MEAC 3–1 |
2019 | North Carolina A&T Aggies | 64 | Alcorn State Braves | 44 | 32,968 | MEAC 4–1 |
2021 | South Carolina State Bulldogs | 31 | Jackson State Tigers | 10 | 48,653 | MEAC 5–1 |
Men's Basketball
The 1977–1978 season was the SWAC's first as an NCAA Division I basketball conference.[24]
The semi-final and championship SWAC Basketball Tournament games are held at the Bill Harris Arena in Birmingham, Alabama.[25] As of the 2017 tournaments,[26] they feature an eight-team three-day layout with the quarterfinal rounds hosted on campus sites. This changes the previous 10-team, five-day tournament format. The higher seeded teams will host a combined eight games leaving two days for travel and practice rounds. The tournament concludes with the semi-finals and championship rounds inside Birmingham's Bill Harris Arena. Winners of the tournaments earn automatic bids to their respective NCAA Division I Tournaments. The championship games are nationally televised live annually on an ESPN network.
Men's basketball tournament performance by school
School | Championships | Years |
---|---|---|
Texas Southern | 10
|
1990, 1994, 1995, 2003, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022 |
Southern | 9
|
1981, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1993, 2006, 2013, 2016 |
Alcorn State | 7
|
1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1999, 2002 |
Jackson State | 5
|
1978, 1991, 1997, 2000, 2007 |
Mississippi Valley State | 5
|
1986, 1992, 1996, 2008, 2012 |
Alabama State | 4
|
2001, 2004 2009, 2011 |
Prairie View A&M | 2
|
1998, 2019 |
Alabama A&M | 1
|
2005 |
Arkansas-Pine Bluff | 1
|
2010 |
Women's basketball
Year | Regular season | Coach | Tournament | Coach |
---|---|---|---|---|
1981–1982 | Jackson State | Sadie Magee | Jackson State | Sadie Magee |
1982–1983 | Jackson State | Sadie Magee | Jackson State | Sadie Magee |
1983–1984 | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker | Jackson State | Sadie Magee |
1984–1985 | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker | Jackson State | Sadie Magee |
1985–1986 | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker |
1986–1987 | Grambling State | Patricia Bibbs | Mississippi Valley State | Jessie Harris |
1987–1988 | Mississippi Valley State | Jessie Harris | Grambling State | Patricia Bibbs |
1988–1989 | Grambling State | Patricia Bibbs | Alabama State | Ron Mitchell |
1989–1990 | Grambling State | Patricia Bibbs | Jackson State | Andrew Pennington |
1990–1991 | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker |
1991–1992 | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker |
1992–1993 | Alcorn State Southern |
Shirley Walker Herman Hartman |
Mississippi Valley State | Jessie Harris |
1993–1994 | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker | Grambling State | Patricia Bibbs |
1994–1995 | Alcorn State Grambling State Jackson State |
Shirley Walker Patricia Bibbs Andrew Pennington |
Jackson State | Andrew Pennington |
1995–1996 | Alcorn State Jackson State |
Shirley Walker Andrew Pennington |
Grambling State | Patricia Bibbs |
1996–1997 | Grambling State | Patricia Bibbs | Grambling State | Patricia Bibbs |
1997–1998 | Grambling State | David Ponton | Grambling State | David Ponton |
1998–1999 | Grambling State | David Ponton | Grambling State | David Ponton |
1999–2000 | Grambling State | David Ponton | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker |
2000–2001 | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker |
2001–2002 | Southern | Sandy Pugh | Southern | Sandy Pugh |
2002–2003 | Alabama State Jackson State |
Freda Freeman-Jackson Denise Taylor |
Alabama State | Freda Freeman-Jackson |
2003–2004 | Alabama State | Freda Freeman-Jackson | Southern | Sandy Pugh |
2004–2005 | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker | Alcorn State | Shirley Walker |
2005–2006 | Jackson State Southern |
Denise Taylor Sandy Pugh |
Southern | Sandy Pugh |
2006–2007 | Prairie View A&M Jackson State |
Cynthia Cooper-Dyke Denise Taylor |
Prairie View A&M | Cynthia Cooper-Dyke |
2007–2008 | Prairie View A&M | Cynthia Cooper-Dyke | Jackson State | Denise Taylor |
2008–2009 | Prairie View A&M | Cynthia Cooper-Dyke | Prairie View A&M | Cynthia Cooper-Dyke |
2009–2010 | Southern | Sandy Pugh | Southern | Sandy Pugh |
2010–2011 | Southern | Sandy Pugh | Prairie View A&M | Toyelle Wilson |
2011-2012 | Mississippi Valley State | Nate Kilbert | Prairie View A&M | Toyelle Wilson |
2012-2013 | Texas Southern | Cynthia Cooper-Dyke | Prairie View A&M | Toyelle Wilson |
2013-2014 | Southern | Sandy Pugh | Prairie View A&M | Dawn Brown |
2014-2015 | Alabama State | Freda Freeman-Jackson | Alabama State | Freda Freeman-Jackson |
2015-2016 | Alabama State | Freda Freeman-Jackson | Alabama State | Freda Freeman-Jackson |
2016-2017 | Texas Southern | Johnetta Hayes-Perry | Texas Southern | Johnetta Hayes-Perry |
2017-2018 | Southern | Sandy Pugh | Grambling State | Freddie Murray |
2018-2019 | Southern | Carlos Funchess | Southern | Carlos Funchess |
2019-2020 | Southern | Carlos Funchess | Southern | Carlos Funchess |
2020-2021 | Jackson State | Tomekia Reed | Jackson State | Tomekia Reed |
2021-2022 | Jackson State | Tomekia Reed | Jackson State | Tomekia Reed |
Baseball
This is a list of the last ten SWAC baseball champions; for the full history, see the list of Southwestern Athletic Conference baseball champions. In recent decades, the conference tournament has determined the overall champions; for specifics concerning the tournament in particular, see the Southwestern Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament.
Year | Program |
---|---|
2011 | Alcorn State |
2012 | Prairie View |
2013 | Jackson State |
2014 | Jackson State |
2015 | Texas Southern |
2016 | Alabama State |
2017 | Texas Southern |
2018 | Texas Southern |
2019 | Southern |
2021 | Southern |
SWAC marching bands
Marching bands have a rich tradition being a centerpiece of pride and school spirit for each institution in the conference. Furthermore, the competitiveness, prestige, pageantry, and showmanship of SWAC marching bands significantly add to the unique identity and culture of the conference.
School | Band | Dance Auxiliary |
---|---|---|
Alabama A&M | Marching Maroon and White | Dancin' Divas |
Alabama State | Mighty Marching Hornets | Sensational Stingettes |
Alcorn State | Sounds of Dynomite | Golden Girls |
Arkansas-Pine Bluff | Marching Musical Machine of the Mid-South (M4) | Golden Girls |
Bethune-Cookman | Marching Wildcats | 14 Karat Gold Dancers |
Florida A&M | Marching 100 | ----- |
Grambling State | GSU Tiger Marching Band | Orchesis Dance Company |
Jackson State | Sonic Boom of the South | Prancing J-Settes |
Mississippi Valley State | Mean Green Marching Machine | Satin Dolls |
Prairie View A&M | Marching Storm | Black Foxes |
Southern | Human Jukebox | Fabulous Dancing Dolls |
Texas Southern | Ocean of Soul | Motion of the Ocean |
References
- ^ "Y-E-A promotes SWAC Championship at Texas Black Expo - SWAC - Southwestern Athletic Conference". SWAC. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
- ^ Sports, HBCU (15 June 2019). "SWAC earns FCS game attendance title for 2018".
- ^ HBCU Sports May 19, 2015 Football 2 Comments (2015-05-19). "SWAC Ranks No.1 In FCS Football Attendance". HBCU Sports. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
- ^ a b "H–T Plans To Resume Grid Sport". Austin American (p. 23). September 21, 1955.
- ^ a b "Grambling Grid Slate Announced". Shreveport Times (sec. D, p. 5). June 24, 1962.
- ^ a b [1] Archived July 4, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ SWAC Announces Division Realignment Starting 2021-22 - Southwestern Athletic Conference
- ^ "Southwestern Athletic Conference". SWAC. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
- ^ "Radiology Associates Field". Daytona Tortugas. Minor League Baseball. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ^ "Bragg Memorial Stadium". Florida A&M University. Archived from the original on July 30, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ^ "Al Lawson Center". Florida A&M University. Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ^ "Moore-Kittles Field". FAMUAthletics.com. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
- ^ "Tankersley Field". Prairie View A&M University Athletics. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
- ^ a b "2015 SWAC Football Media Day by SWAC". Issuu.com. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
- ^ a b c "Grambling State University Tigers" (PDF). Gsutigers.com. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ "The Afro American - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
- ^ "Log in to NewsBank". Infoweb.newsbank.com. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
- ^ "Log in to NewsBank". Infoweb.newsbank.com. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
- ^ "Statefairshowdown.com". statefairshowdown.com.
- ^ a b TheMatadorSports (9 October 2012). "Texas Southern Faces 2013 & 2014 Postseason Ban". Business Insider. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
- ^ "Turnovers kill Grambling as Alcorn captures SWAC title". Thenewsstar.com. 2015-12-06. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
- ^ "Ineligible Jackson St predicted to win SWAC East - USATODAY.com". Usatoday30.usatoday.com. 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
- ^ Murrell, I.C. (2014-05-14). "Despite APR, Golden Lions still eligible for SWAC football title | Pine Bluff Commercial". Pbcommercial.com. Archived from the original on April 25, 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
- ^ "SWAC Regular Season Champions, by Year".
- ^ "SWAC Announces Partnership with City of Birmingham". July 12, 2018.
- ^ "SWAC concludes Spring Meetings". Swac.org. Retrieved 15 June 2016.