Native name | Национален план за ваксиниране срещу COVID-19 в Република България |
---|---|
Date | 27 December 2020 | – present
Location | nationwide |
Cause | COVID-19 pandemic |
Organised by | Bulgarian Ministry of Health, National Vaccination Operational Headquarters |
Participants | 209,760 doses administered (28 February 2021)[a] |
The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Bulgaria began on 27 December 2020, in line with most other countries in the EU. It is in response to the ongoing pandemic in Bulgaria.
Background
After being one of the first countries in Europe to enter a lockdown, which came into effect on 13 March 2020, Bulgaria had mostly cluster-based transmission and a relatively low rate of infection compared to many other sovereign states on the continent up until mid June 2020 (when the vast majority of restrictions were lifted),[2] but was heavily hit during the autumn months, with the health system coming under severe strain,[3] resulting in a very high death toll per capita, especially for the month of November.[4] The authorities' handling of the pandemic has been criticized for insufficient levels of testing for the virus,[5] the nature of the policies in relation to the quarantining of foreign arrivals and the lax enforcement,[6][7] especially outside the capital city,[8] an absence of an adequate exit strategy after the first lockdown,[7][9] contributing to rather loose general measures against the spread of the virus during the summer of 2020,[10][11] poor preparedness of the country's health system for the second wave of the pandemic,[12] contradictory and inconsistent messaging[5][13] as well as not following some of the recommendations of health experts[3][9] due to concerns that the imposition of tight measures could pile on public pressure on the government,[5] which has been facing political protests since July 2020. Medical professionals and politicians have expressed the view that the second lockdown that entered into force just before midnight of 28 November 2020 should have come earlier.[14][15] Prime Minister Boyko Borisov has been accused of prioritizing the interests of lobbies in the entertainment business and hospitality industries over those of health care establishments.[16]
In the early months of the pandemic, there was speculation that the BCG vaccine,[17][18] of which the country is a major producer and which has been part of the mandatory vaccination package for newborns in Bulgaria since 1951,[17] offers some degree of protection against COVID-19,[18] with studies in the Netherlands suggesting that it serves as a powerful immune stimulator.[19] However, this has not been corroborated by most scientific sources[20] and the WHO maintains that there is so far a lack of evidence that the vaccine demonstrates effectiveness against COVID-19.[21]
Vaccines
Bulgaria eventually agreed to purchase all seven vaccines included in the European portfolio - Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Sanofi, CureVac, Novavax, and Johnson & Johnson-Janssen,[22] even though it had some reservations regarding its participation in the contract with Janssen Pharmaceutica.[23] On 14 October Bulgaria explicitly refused to pre-order the latter's vaccine candidate as part of the EU-wide deal,[24] but reversed course in November and ratified a separate agreement for 2 million doses in December, aided by Sweden's cooperation,[24] with the change of heart partly attributed to concerns pertaining to the progress made by Oxford-AstraZeneca at the time.[24] Some Bulgarian experts reportedly considered the vaccine portfolio to be overly diverse.[24][25] The country is mostly reliant on the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, expecting to receive enough doses for vaccinating 2.5 million citizens.[26] In total, the amount of vaccine pre-ordered or set to be ordered by the country is expected to be equivalent to 18 million doses, able to cover 9 million citizens.[27][28]
According to Todor Kantardzhiev, one of the members of the National Operational Headquarters for the fight against the coronavirus, Bulgaria has not ruled out the purchase of other vaccines, such as Sputnik and Sinopharm, as long as EU regulations are observed[29] and especially if there is a delay regarding the delivery of the other vaccines.[30] On 26 February 2021, the opposition BSP party demanded that the government begin separate talks with Russia for the importation of the Sputnik vaccine.[31] Microbiologist Andrey Chorbanov has pointed out that the country already imports medications that are not regulated by the EU, so the thinking should not be different when it comes to the Russian vaccine.[32]
A COVID-19 vaccine based on nanoparticles is presently under development by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences[33][34] with a completed prototype, but despite receiving financial support from the Pasteur Institute, issues related to funding are expected to significantly slow down the progress when it comes to the vaccine trials.[35]
Kostadin Angelov, the Minister of Health, has on a number of occasions reiterated that Bulgarians should be able to have a choice regarding the type of vaccine they are to receive.[36]
Three vaccines are currently available for limited use in Bulgaria.
The first to be administered in the country was Pfizer–BioNTech, which was approved by the European Commission on 21 December 2020, on the same day after receiving recommendation for granting conditional marketing authorization by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA),[37] with the initial doses delivered to Bulgaria 26 December.[38]
On 6 January 2021, following the same regulatory procedure, the Moderna vaccine was also given the green light by the European Commission,[39] arriving in Bulgaria a week later.[40]
On 29 January 2021, Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine received conditional authorization by the European Commission, paving the way for its use in EU countries.[41] On the same date, Bulgarian Minister of Health stated in an interview with Boyko Vasilev during the TV show Panorama that Bulgaria will wait for the results of further studies regarding its effectiveness when it comes to people over the age of 65 before administering it to members of this age group.[36] On 4 February 2021, Angelov clarified that there is no medical prohibition to give the vaccine to elderly people and that an additional statement will be made before Oxford-AstraZeneca begins to be administered.[42] The government eventually concluded that the vaccine is useful for elderly citizens as well and did not exclude them from receiving it.[43][44] The first batch of this vaccine reached Bulgaria on 6 February 2021.[45] On 25 February 2021, Angelov publicly reproached AstraZeneca after it became clear that the pharmaceutical company will be able to provide 40% of the promised vaccines by August. Bulgaria had also offered to assist with the delivery of the next batch of vaccines by sending its own airplane, but this suggestion had not been accepted.[46] On the next day it was revealed that there is an alternative plan, which will entail receiving additional 1 million Pfizer-BioNtech and 480 000 Moderna doses between March and June.[47]
Vaccine | Approval | Deployment |
---|---|---|
Pfizer–BioNTech | 21 December 2020 | 27 December 2020 |
Moderna | 6 January 2021 | 14 January 2021 |
Oxford-AstraZeneca | 29 January 2021 | 7 February 2021 |
Johnson & Johnson-Janssen | Pending | Pending |
Rollout schedule and vaccine priority groups
The national vaccination plan was unveiled in early December 2020 and includes five phases. For the purpose of the vaccination campaign, the country was subdivided into six regions (Vratsa, Veliko Tarnovo, Varna, Bourgas, Plovdiv, and Sofia).[48][49] Kostadin Angelov, the Health Minister, characterized it as a "dynamic plan" that could render itself to change in accordance with the situation and stated that Bulgaria drew on WHO guidance as well as the vaccination plans of Germany, France, Italy, Britain, and a number of US states, while also taking into account the specific conditions pertaining to Bulgarian health care, territory and infrastructure.[48] A National Vaccination Operational Headquarters, chaired by Krasimir Gigov, the general director of the Bulgarian Red Cross, was also established.[48] In January 2021, National Operational Headquarters for the fight against the coronavirus chairman Ventsislav Mutafchiyski specified that election commission members for the upcoming elections will also be considered priority groups for vaccinations.[50]
Order | Priority group | Number eligible (estimated)[48] |
---|---|---|
1 | medical personnel, pharmacists, dentists as well as members of staff in these fields who have assistant functions | 243 600 |
2 | staff and customers of social institutions, pedagogical specialists, people working on mink farms | 112 080 |
3 | people who are in charge of guaranteeing that activities essential for public life are able to take place | not specified, will be based on lists compiled in advance |
4 | all those 65 years of age and over, and clinically vulnerable individuals due to underlying conditions, including immunocompromised and with reduced immunity | 1.8 million |
5 | vulnerable groups from the population due to high epidemiological risk of infection attributable to their way of life | not specified, will be based on lists compiled in advance |
Challenges and logistics
On 5 December 2020, the first two ultracold freezers suitable for the storage of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in accordance with the temperature requirements were installed at the Center for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases in the capital.[51] On 7 December, Bourgas became the second city in the country equipped with such a refrigerator,[52] followed by Plovdiv on 9 December[53] and Varna on the 18th.[54] Each freezer can hold more than 100 000 vaccine doses.[55]
The first vaccination site in the country was opened on 15 December 2020, being located in Sofia.[56] On 5 January 2021, four mobile units were set up, so that elderly people living in care homes in Sofia could be vaccinated in their places of residence.[57] Over 40 such vaccination units are expected to cover the whole country.[56][58] As of 18 February, 5 vaccination sites are available at Pirogov Hospital in the capital, with the medical facility also being in a position to provide 2 additional mobile units.[59] The total number of such vaccination points for the whole country had reached 352 by 23 February.[60] The first 24 hour vaccination center in the country began operating in Sofia on 21 February 2021, just outside the University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski,[61] followed by one in Plovdiv on 23 February.[62]
Chronology and vaccination process
Bulgaria was allocated 9750 doses of the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine (sufficient for more than 4000 people) for December 2020 and they arrived in the country on the 26th of the month.[38] Just over 60 000 doses of this vaccine were expected to be available in January 2021.[38][63]
The first person to be vaccinated in Bulgaria was Minister of Health Kostadin Angelov, which occurred in the morning of 27 December in Sofia.[64] The second was Bulgarian Orthodox Church Bishop Tikhon, followed by a doctor and a nurse.[65] Over 1500 people, mostly medical personnel, had been vaccinated by the evening of 28 December.[66] By the late hours of 29 December, close to 3800 people had received a vaccine shot.[67] By the first day of the New Year, the number of vaccinated people had reached 4739.[68]
On 4 January 2021, the first batch of vaccines for this month arrived, numbering approximately 25 000 doses.[69] Unlike in the case of the first delivery of the vaccines, no specialized transport was needed for them, as they were received in boxes with dry ice, which could retain its properties for 5 days.[69] These vaccines were to cover the remaining front line medical personnel from the first phase as well as some social workers, social service users and educators (phase two priority groups).[70]
As of 11 January 2021,[b] 13,473 people had been vaccinated.[71][72]
The first Moderna vaccine doses reached the country on 13 January 2021, numbering 2400 and designated for priority groups in Sofia.[73] Тhe vaccinations with Moderna commencеd on the next day, with obstetrician Sofia Yordanova being the first one to receive it.[40]
As of 13 January 2021, approximately 16 500 vaccine shots had been administered.[74]
As of 27 January 2021, Bulgaria had vaccinated less than 35 000 citizens, which corresponded to 0.47 per 100 people, putting it in last place on a per capita basis among EU countries.[75]
Between 27 January and 30 January 2021, some residents and staff of care homes for elderly people in Sofia received their injections, though a substantial number opted out.[76][77]
As of 30 January 2021, 40 805 jabs had been administered, with 12 949 people receiving two doses.[78]
On 1 February 2021, educators and staff at kindergartens and schools began to be vaccinated.[79]
As of 4 February 2021, 94 920 vaccines had been delivered and 50 124 vaccine doses had been used, with 16 433 people having undergone the two-step vaccination process.[42]
On 6 February 2021, the first doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca, numbering 28 800, made their arrival in the country.[45] They began to be put to use on the next day, kickstarting Bulgaria's third phase of the vaccination campaign, which is to include members of the Central Electoral Commission and other people in charge of the procedural matters concerning the elections.[44][80] One of the first to receive it was 76-year old Ilina Bineva, an employee at the pharmaceutical company BulBio.[44]
On 8 February 2021, the National Vaccination Operational Headquarters announced that all of the so far delivered AstraZeneca vaccines will be used for administering the first doses to people, in order to cover larger segments of the population and speed up the vaccination campaign.[81]
On 19 February 2021, in what was regarded as the beginning of the mass vaccinations,[82] Boyko Borisov ordered (after discussions with members of the National Vaccination Operational Headquarters, the National Operational Headquarters for the fight against the coronavirus, and the Health Minister) that "green corridors" be established alongside the fourth phase of the vaccination plan,[83] allowing all adult citizens who do not fall within the priority groups to visit a vaccination point on Saturday, Sunday or the afternoon hours of working days[84] without the need for a prior appointment[85] and receive a first dose of the AstraZeneca vaccine.[86] The people who preferred one of the two approved RNA vaccines were to register at the Military Medical Academy and wait for a follow-up call once Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna doses are available.[86] The Prime Minister insisted that at least 10 000 people are to be vaccinated per day.[83][86] Borisov's decision was viewed as in practice resulting in the abandonment of the phased approach to vaccinations.[86] The U-turn in the government's policies has been attributed to the need to expedite the vaccination process[86] and the vaccine reservations displayed by members of priority groups such as medical practitioners and educators, with only 24% of the latter expressing a wish to be vaccinated.[86] The changed approach sped up the tempo of the vaccinations, with more than 30 000 doses administered in the first three days since the opening of the "green corridors".[87][88] However, while medical practitioners carried on with the vaccinations, even if at a reduced pace, in a number of smaller cities,[89] between 25 and 28 February[84] the "green corridors" were temporarily discontinued in Sofia and other large cities because of the country mostly running out of AstraZeneca vaccines,[90] with the remaining Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna ones set aside for priority groups.[91] After the arrival and distribution of 52 800 Oxford-AstraZeneca doses, the vaccinations involving non-priority targets resumed on 28 February.[84] In contrast to the previous days, they will see a significantly more active role of the general practitioners than of the health inspectorates and the large hospitals, proceeding only if there are no people from phases 1-4 willing to be vaccinated.[92]
Medical aspects pertaining to the vaccinations
Asparouh Iliev, a Bulgarian specialist in molecular neuroinfectiology from the University of Bern, has praised the two RNA vaccines, characterizing them as extremely safe and very similar to each other[93] while also pointing out that the AstraZeneca vaccine may actually be offering even better protection than shown from the preliminary studies and regarding the whole comparison exercise between the three vaccines as pointless, urging people to take up the opportunity to get themselves vaccinated.[94]
Andrey Chorbanov, a member of the Institute of Microbiology at BAS, while supportive of the vaccinations, maintains that naturally acquired immunity is much stronger than the vaccine-induced one, believing that the people who have recovered from COVID-19 have very durable immunity.[32] In his view, the major question mark surrounding the vaccines remains their effectiveness while their safety and the side effects are not an issue.[32]
The recommendations of the National Vaccination Operational Headquarters are that the second dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine be administered 10 weeks after the first.[95]
The mixing of different types of vaccines, especially when it comes to attempting to complete the second step of the vaccination process by using another vaccine, is generally not advised,[96] but remains a possibility depending on the conclusions of further studies.[97] In February 2021, Todor Kantardzhiev, a member of the National Operational Headquarters for the fight against the coronavirus in Bulgaria, claimed that one vaccine dose may be sufficient for the people who have recovered from a COVID-19 infection.[97]
According to experts, there is no need for a person who is asymptomatic to be tested for COVID-19 prior to getting the vaccine.[98] A person who has been vaccinated is recommended to be kept for observation for 15-20 minutes in the rare case any potential side effects need to be managed.[8] As of 4 January 2021, only 4 adverse reactions to the vaccines administered had been reported - they included headaches and muscle pain, with all of the recipients' symptoms quickly subsiding.[69] Kantardzhiev stated in January 2021 that the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccines are no different from those of the influenza vaccines.[99]
Procedures relating to the vaccinations
Vaccination is voluntary and free for all citizens.[100] The medical professionals administering vaccines will be paid 10 leva per injection by the state.[101] In late January 2021, citizens started signing up for vaccinations with their general practitioners,[102] with an online registration system starting to function in early March.[103]
Effects on the pandemic
Alpha Research sociologists speculated, based on the results of a survey for the period between 11 and 18 December 2020, that 670 000 Bulgarians may have had the virus and recovered from it.[104] Мathematician Nikolay Vitanov estimated in late January 2021 that some 20% of Bulgarians may have encountered the virus in some form.[105]
According to experts, 60% vaccinated people plus those who have had the disease and recovered from it may be sufficient for herd immunity to kick in.[106] Health Minister Kostadin Angelov stated in February 2021 that at least 70% will need to be vaccinated in order to guarantee the return of normal life.[107]
Controversies and criticism
Some of the vaccines that arrived Sofia on 26 December were subsequently transported to Plovdiv by using a Leki food industry minibus, and were then stored in a ZiL refrigerator on reaching their destination, which resulted in criticism and mockery on social media, but the Health Ministry cited examples of such reliance on the services of private companies not being an unusual practice in Western countries and maintained that all the proper guidelines had been observed.[108]
On 9 January 2021, the Ministry of Health revealed that it was conducting an urgent investigation after receiving information that councillors in Sandanski Municipality had already received vaccines despite not being part of the groups prioritized during the first phase, as stipulated by the vaccination plan.[109] The director of the hospital in Sandanski, Iliya Tonev, subsequently claimed that a number of the people who were to have priority in terms of vaccinations had ultimately decided against it, so appointments were set up with the councillors (who were among the volunteers in popularizing the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine) at a short notice in order for the doses not to go to waste.[110] However, after the review of the facts, the Minister of Health was adamant that the protocols had not been adhered to in vaccinating 24 of the people, as there had been sufficient time for a proper redistribution of the vaccines, claiming that if he had the authority, he would have released the hospital director from his duties.[74][111]
The government has come under scrutiny for the delay in ordering a number of vaccines,[24][112] the lack of sufficient transparency regarding the quantities[113] as well as the reasons behind its decision to center its vaccination campaign on Oxford-AstraZeneca in particular.[114][115] It has also been criticized for allowing financial considerations to take precedence over health-related ones,[24] and not outlining a plan for creating special vaccination centers coupled with training additional personnel capable of administering vaccine shots,[116] which has contributed to a slow pace of the vaccinations.[8][29] Pulmonologist Kosta Kostov has been very critical of the way in which the vaccination campaign has been organized and implemented, also expressing incredulity that people over 65 and clinically vulnerable individuals are in phase 4 rather than being the top priority targets[117] and maintaining that people who have recovered from the disease should not be vaccinated as long as there is an insufficient quantity of vaccines.[118] Some media sources have taken issue with the government's manner of reporting the official figures regarding the number of individuals who have been vaccinated, believing that it invites confusion.[1]
In February 2021, chief national health inspector Angel Kunchev revealed that people holding anti-vaccination views had in a number of instances deliberately signed up for receiving their injections and then failed to show up in the hopes of sabotaging the vaccination process.[119] Health Minister Kostadin Angelov has expressed criticism of those medical practitioners who have encouraged their patients not to get themselves vaccinated.[107]
The decision taken by the government on 19 February 2021 to set in motion the mass vaccination process has been criticized for inviting chaos,[32] with general practitioners complaining of a lack of vaccines provided to them for their registered patients, with most of the doses allocated to the hospitals for random vaccinations.[91] Concerns were also raised that the citizens who had already received one shot may not be able to get their second injection as scheduled.[91] The shift in the modus operandi has been contested for its dubious legal basis due to being in apparent contradiction with the authorities' own phased approach to the vaccinations, entailing the prioritization of vulnerable groups such as the elderly.[120]
In late February 2021, a young couple from Pleven was refused vaccination because of not having proper health insurance. The Health Minister ordered that the case be looked into,[121] confirming that each Bulgarian citizen is eligible for vaccination regardless of his or her health insurance status.[122] Yordan Georgiev, the director of the St. Pantaleymon hospital where the situation had transpired, was criticized for not being familiar with the Health Ministry's policies, with journalists also drawing attention to the multitude of instances of British citizens without health insurance having received vaccinations in Bulgaria.[122] The man and the woman were subsequently invited by other hospitals in the city to be administered their doses.[122]
In December 2020, Bulgaria stated that it will take the initiative in securing vaccines for North Macedonia and other states from the Western Balkans,[123] but as of mid February 2021, with the country struggling to obtain enough vaccines for its own citizens, this has not materialized, generating critical headlines in the Macedonian media.[124]
Attitudes of the general public
According to an April 2020 Gallup survey, over 75% of the citizens expressed support for the lockdown-related pandemic control measures taken by the government and the members of the National Operational Headquarters for the fight against the coronavirus in Bulgaria,[125] but the subsequent loosening of restrictions and the exponential rise in cases in October and November caused public support for the authorities' strategy to plummet to slightly over 30%.[126] The lack of trust in the government and the health providers is believed likely to provide additional fuel for vaccine hesitancy attitudes, which have been characterized as prominent in Bulgarian society,[127] with one January 2021 Gallup poll seeing 46% of interviewees declaring that they will not take a COVID-19 vaccine.[128] Due to the vaccine skepticism and the proliferation of conspiracy theories in Bulgaria pertaining to the nature of the virus itself,[129] an information and explanation campaign pertaining to the vaccines and directed at the general public has been identified by some journalists as the real challenge with regard to vaccinating a sufficient number of people, so that herd immunity could be reached.[130]
See also
- COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
- Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines
- Statistics of the COVID-19 vaccination
- COVID-19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom
- COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland
- COVID-19 vaccination in Albania
- COVID-19 vaccination in France
- COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Italy
- COVID-19 vaccination in Romania
- COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden
Notes
- ^ These official figures are not equivalent to the number of unique individuals who have received at least one injection, as the doses administered include those who have had their second shots.[1]
- ^ The dates that use the "as of" formulation cover the number of vaccine shots administered up to the evening hours of the previous day, but may not reflect the most recent figures when it comes to the date that is mentioned, e.g. as of 11 January includes the vaccines used up to the evening of 10 January, though it may not provide the most current information with regard to the vaccination status of the population as of the late hours of 11 January.
References
- ^ "Коронавирусът вече се разпространява дифузно у нас. Рекордни 166 са новозаразените с COVID-19 в България". sega.bg (in Bulgarian). 26 June 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ a b "На власт е епидемията". capital.bg (in Bulgarian). 30 October 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ "Tracking covid-19 excess deaths across countries". economist.com. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ a b c Boyadzhiev, Yassen (15 December 2020). "Коронавирус: какво чака българите след 21 декември?". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ Georgiev, Martin (27 March 2020). "Масово нарушаване на карантината и съмнения за коронавирус в Буковлък (ВИДЕО)". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ a b Nikolov, Dragomir (10 August 2020). ""Албена" затваря хотели заради 50% отлив на туристи. Браншът настоява държавните почивни станции по морето да станат карантинни хотели". mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ a b c ""Смисълът на имунизирането е да стане за два-три месеца"". dnevnik.bg (in Bulgarian). 12 January 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ a b Kodzhaivanova, Ani (9 July 2020). "Как Борисов (почти) изтърва коронавируса". capital.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Milcheva, Emiliya (22 June 2020). "Безгрижие в България. А броят на заразените расте". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ "Мерките срещу COVID-19 у нас - твърде меки и безкрайно закъснели". news.bg (in Bulgarian). 14 December 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Ivanova, Miglena (27 December 2020). "Коронавирусът в България: Как не се управлява здравна криза". investor.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ Valchev, Kiril (interviewer) (19 December 2020). "Министърът на здравеопазването Костадин Ангелов в "Годината"". darikradio.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ Miteva, Galya (interview with Radoslav Gaydarski) (27 November 2020). "Правителството закъсня с мерките за Ковид-19". bnr.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ "Валери Сименов призова за незабавно втвърдяване на мерките срещу вируса. Поне 3-седмична карантина и затваряне на училища". mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 22 November 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ Milcheva, Emiliya (2 November 2020). "Коронавирус: ако Борисов се беше погрижил за медиците така, както за кръчмите". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Ваксината БЦЖ ли спаси България?". dw.com (in Bulgarian). 2 June 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Може ли ваксина от 1921 г. да ни помогне срещу COVID-19". vesti.bg (in Bulgarian). 11 October 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Petrov, Todor (editor) (9 September 2020). "Доказано: Българската БЦЖ ваксина функционира срещу Ковид-19". bgonair.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 9 January 2021.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ Szigeti, Reka; Kellermayer, Domos; Trakimas, Giedrius; Kellermayer, Richard (7 October 2020). "BCG epidemiology supports its protection against COVID-19? A word of caution". PLOS ONE. 15 (10): e0240203. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1540203S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240203. PMC 7540851. PMID 33027297.
- ^ "Scientific Brief - Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and COVID-19". who.int. 12 April 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Bozukova, Martina (18 December 2020). "България ще купи ваксината на "Janssen" от Швеция. Страната ни се включи в споразуменията на ЕК за ваксините на CureVac и Moderna". mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 8 January 2021.
- ^ Mandzhovska, Nadya (2 December 2020). "Костадин Ангелов: Въпреки първоначалния отказ, правителството ще осигури ваксини от "Янсен"". monitor.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "Маневрите с ваксината на Janssen: как първо я отказахме, а после я поръчахме извънредно". boulevardbulgaria.bg (in Bulgarian). 26 January 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "Ваксините срещу коронавируса - поглед зад кулисите на преговорите за ЕСП". actualno.com (in Bulgarian). 28 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ Nikolov, Dobromir (8 January 2021). "Ангелов: Очакваме 4,5 милиона ваксини от AstraZeneca (ВИДЕО)". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Pehlivanova, Daniela (28 January 2021). "Масовата ваксинация може да започне от края на февруари". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "Очакван брой дози* на ваксини срещу COVID-19 до края на 2021 г." mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 29 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ a b Milcheva, Emiliya (25 January 2021). "Ваксинацията: защо България е последна в ЕС?". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "Проф. Кантарджиев: Спутник V и китайската ваксина са варианти, ако имаме забавяне на дозите". boulevardbulgaria.bg (in Bulgarian). 24 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Nikolova, Ivelina (26 February 2021). "Нинова: Правителството да договори доставка на руската ваксина „Спутник V"". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Проф. Чорбанов: "Зелените коридори" за ваксинация са другото име на хаоса". btvnovinite.bg (in Bulgarian). 25 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Dimitrova, Radostina (editor) (3 November 2020). "Готов е прототипът на българската ваксина срещу Ковид-19. Мъжете са по-слабият пол по отношение на имунитета, заявиха проф. Чорбанов и д-р Симидчиев". bgonair.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 9 January 2021.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ Malasheva, Marina (13 December 2020). ""Темата на NOVA" в аванс: Българската ваксина срещу COVID-19". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Българската ваксина срещу коронавирус е на път да се провали заради липса на финансиране". plovdiv24.bg (in Bulgarian). 31 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Вирус, мерки, ваксини – министър Костадин Ангелов". bnt.bg (in Bulgarian). 29 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "Statement by President von der Leyen on the marketing authorisation of the BioNTech-Pfizer vaccine against COVID-19". European Commission. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ a b c "Първите ваксини срещу COVID-19 са в България. Желаещите да се имунизират са близо 45 000". svobodnaevropa.bg (in Bulgarian). 26 December 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "European Commission authorises second safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19". European Commission. 6 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ a b Angelova, Anna (14 January 2021). "Започна имунизацията с ваксината на Moderna (ВИДЕО+СНИМКИ)". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ "European Commission gives final approval to AstraZeneca Covid-19 vaccine amid distribution dispute". france24.com. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Министър Ангелов: Водим преговори за осигуряване на допълнителни количества информационна РНК ваксина". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 4 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Zehirova, Zlatina (4 February 2021). "България не смята да се отказва от ваксината на AstraZeneca при възрастни над 55 години". dnevnik.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ a b c Gazieva, Kristina (7 February 2021). "Започна третата фаза на ваксинация срещу COVID-19 у нас (ОБЗОР)". btvnovinite.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ a b Dimitrova, Tatyana (6 February 2021). "Коронавирусът в България: пристигна първата пратка ваксини на "Астра Зенека" (хронология)". dnevnik.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ "Министърът на здравеопазването към производител на ваксини: Нямаме нужда от учтивости, имаме нужда от ваксини". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 25 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Farhi, Daniela (26 February 2021). "Здравното министерство с план Б: Получаваме допълнителни количества от ваксините на "Пфайзер" и "Модерна"". trud.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d "Националният план за ваксиниране срещу COVID-19 у нас ще протече в 5 фази". bntnews.bg (in Bulgarian). 4 December 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Премиерът Борисов: Приехме Националния план за ваксиниране срещу COVID-19 и сме готови за първите доставки на ваксини". gov.bg (in Bulgarian). 4 December 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Dimitrova, Desislava (editor) (31 January 2021). "Ген. Мутафчийски: "Скачащите" локдауни дават глътка въздух за всички от напрежението". dnes.dir.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 31 January 2021.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ Markov, Aleksandar (5 December 2020). "Готови сме да посрещнем първата доставка на ваксини срещу коронавирус". bntnews.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Aleksova, Tsetsa (7 December 2020). "Нова хладилна инсталация за съхранение на ваксините пристигна в Бургас". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "И Военна болница в Пловдив с фризер за ваксини". plovdiv-press.bg (in Bulgarian). 9 December 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Hristova, Yuliya (editor) (18 December 2020). "В РЗИ-Варна пристигна фризерът за съхранението на ваксините срещу Ковид. Увеличава се броят на медиците в града, изявили желание да се ваксинират". bgonair.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 January 2021.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ "Борисов и Щабът провериха хладилниците за ваксините срещу COVID-19 (СНИМКИ/ВИДЕО)". dariknews.bg (in Bulgarian). 5 December 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ a b "София с първи пункт за ваксиниране срещу Covid-19, 47 мобилни екипа имунизират в страната". tvevropa.com (in Bulgarian). 15 December 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
- ^ Ilieva, Stella (reporter) (6 January 2021). "4 мобилни екипа ще ваксинират възрастните хора в домовете в София". bntnews.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Tomova, Adelina (editor) (14 December 2020). "47 мобилни екипа ще ваксинират из цяла България срещу COVID-19 (снимки)". dnes.dir.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 31 January 2021.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ "Министър Ангелов: Ваксинационният процес е мой приоритет, като лекар и министър". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 18 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "352 са вече ваксинационните пунктове в страната, в които всеки гражданин може да бъде имунизиран срещу COVID-19". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 23 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Ruseva, Yoanna (21 February 2021). "Денонощен кабинет за ваксинация в столичната болница "Св. Иван Рилски"". 24chasa.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- ^ Toncheva, Tsvetana (23 February 2021). "От днес в Пловдив работи денонощен кабинет за ваксинация към ДКЦ "Пълмед"". focus-news.net (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- ^ Bozukova, Martina (7 January 2021). "България очаква 1.5 млн. дози от двете одобрени ваксини до юли. Първите 2000 дози от ваксината на "Moderna" пристигат на 11 януари". mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
- ^ "Коронавирусът в България: здравният министър даде начало на ваксинацията (хронология)". dnevnik.bg (in Bulgarian). 21 December 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "Bulgaria's first Covid-19 vaccinations broadcast live on television". The Sofia Globe. 27 December 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
- ^ "Над 1500 медици са ваксинирани срещу COVID-19 в България за два дни". mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 28 December 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
- ^ "Първата фаза на имунизацията срещу коронавируса обхвана цялата страна (ОБЗОР). Най-много са ваксинираните в Пловдив". btvnovinite.bg (in Bulgarian). 29 December 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "1046 нови случаи на коронавирус. Ваксинирани са общо 4739 души". webcafe.bg (in Bulgarian). 1 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ a b c "Втора пратка ваксини срещу коронавирус пристигна в България. Все повече хора искат да се имунизират". svobodnaevropa.bg (in Bulgarian). 4 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ Arabova, Ivet (editor) (4 January 2021). "Пристига втората доставка на ваксини у нас - около 25 000 дози". bgonair.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 8 January 2021.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ "Единен информационен портал - COVID-19" (in Bulgarian). coronavirus.bg. 11 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- ^ "394 са новодиагностицираните с COVID-19 лица у нас през изминалото денонощие" (in Bulgarian). mh.government.bg. 11 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
- ^ Pehlivanova, Ivomira (13 January 2021). "Пристигна първата пратка от ваксините на Moderna (ВИДЕО)". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ a b "Първите 2400 дози от ваксината на Moderna срещу COVID-19 пристигнаха в България". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 13 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ "България е последна в ЕС по ваксиниране. 8 млн. души са имунизирани във Великобритания, нула - в Япония". svobodnaevropa.bg (in Bulgarian). 29 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "На 27 януари стартира ваксинацията в домовете за възрастни хора в София". dariknews.bg (in Bulgarian). 26 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "С под 200 обхванати приключи ваксинацията в домовете за възрастни в София". mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 30 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "5% положителни проби за COVID-19. Приключи имунизацията в домовете за възрастни в София". svobodnaevropa.bg (in Bulgarian). 30 January 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
- ^ "Над 5 хил. души, педагогически и непедагогически персонал в София, са пожелали да бъдат имунизирани срещу COVID-19". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 2 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Dimitrova, Tatyana (7 February 2021). "Коронавирусът в България: започна ваксинирането с "Астра Зенека" (хронология)". dnevnik.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ "Всички получени до момента количества от ваксината на AstraZeneca ще бъдат приложени като първа доза". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 8 February 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ Ganeva, Gabriela (21 February 2021). "Започна масова ваксинация срещу COVID-19 в България (ОБЗОР)". focus-news.net (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ a b Petrov, Todor (editor) (19 February 2021). "Борисов: Пускайте "зелени коридори", на ден да се ваксинират минимум 10 хил. души". bgonair.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 26 February 2021.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ a b c "От днес, 28 февруари, в страната се възстановяват т.нар. „зелени коридори"". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 28 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ Naydenova, Paulina; Aleksova, Tsetsa (reporters) (20 February 2021). ""Зелени коридори" и опашки за ваксини в големите градове (ВИДЕО+СНИМКИ)". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 26 February 2021.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ a b c d e f Milcheva, Emiliya (22 February 2021). "Ваксинацията в България: защо се забързаха". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Министър Ангелов: Удовлетворен съм от темпа, с който върви ваксинационната кампания срещу COVID-19 в страната". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 23 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Рекорден брой ваксинирани за денонощие". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). 25 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Последни дози в "зелените коридори": На места в страната се поставят ваксини". btvnovinite.bg (in Bulgarian). 27 February 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- ^ Malasheva, Marina; Pehlivanova, Daniela (editors) (25 February 2021). "Забавени доставки на ваксини спряха „зелените коридори" (ОБЗОР)". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 26 February 2021.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ a b c Paunova, Polina (26 February 2021). "След като "зелените коридори" спряха: Кога и как продължава ваксинирането". svobodnaevropa.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ Konova, Anna-Mariya (28 February 2021). "Отново "зелени коридори" за ваксинация, но при личните лекари". btvnovinite.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "Експерт: Ваксината на Moderna e изключително сигурна". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). 14 January 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Д-p Аспарух Илиев, Берн: Дискусия коя ваксина е по-добра няма никакъв смисъл". 24chasa.bg (in Bulgarian). 23 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "52 800 дози от ваксината срещу COVID-19 на AstraZeneca пристигнаха в България". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 28 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "Ваксините срещу COVID-19: най-важните въпроси и отговори". capital.bg (in Bulgarian). 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Проф. Кантарджиев: Преболедувалите COVID-19 може да се ваксинират само с една доза". btvnovinite.bg (in Bulgarian). 27 February 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- ^ Bozukova, Martina (8 January 2021). "Д-р Великова: COVID-19 носи реален риск от автоимунни заболявания, а ваксините - не. Цената, която се плаща за придобиване на имунитет чрез преболедуване, е непоносимо висока". mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
- ^ "Кантарджиев: В най-добрия сценарий до август ще имаме 1,5 милиона ваксинирани". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). 8 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Становище на БАН относно предстоящата ваксинационна кампания срещу COVID-19". bas.bg (in Bulgarian). 21 December 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "Държавата ще плаща по 10 лева на лекарите за поставянето на доза от ваксината срещу COVID-19". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 11 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
- ^ "Започва записването при личните лекари на желаещите да се ваксинират срещу COVID-19". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). 28 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ Malasheva, Marina (28 January 2021). "Правят електронен регистър на желаещите да се ваксинират". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ "Проучване: 670 хиляди българи са прекарали коронавируса". btvnovinite.bg (in Bulgarian). 22 December 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ "Витанов: 20% от българите са се срещали с COVID-19, стаден имунитет е възможен с ваксинация". dariknews.bg (in Bulgarian). 31 January 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Detev, Aleksandar (2 February 2021). ""Българинът по правило е подозрителен." Защо толкова много българи не искат да се ваксинират". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Министър Ангелов: Обсъждаме варианти за ускоряване на темпа на ваксинация". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 17 February 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Кренвирши, риба тон, сладолед. Здравният министър не вижда проблем в частния превоз на ваксини". bntnews.bg (in Bulgarian). 27 December 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Здравното министерство започва проверка след сигнал за ваксиниране на политици (ВИДЕО)". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). 9 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Yordanova, Vassilena (editor) (11 January 2021). "След скандала: Шефът на болницата в Сандански без угризения за ваксинираните общинари". topnovini.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 January 2021.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ Pehlivanova, Ivomira (14 January 2021). "24 души са прередили хората от първа фаза на ваксинирането в Сандански". nova.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ Kodzhaivanova, Ani (11 January 2021). "България е поръчала недостатъчно ваксини за 2021 г." capital.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
- ^ Simeonova, Elitsa; Paunova, Polina (13 January 2021). "Защо в България няма скоро да има ваксини за всички". svobodnaevropa.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 31 January 2021.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^ Paunova, Polina (20 January 2021). "Защо България предпочете ваксината на Astra Zeneca пред останалите". svobodnaevropa.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ Petrov, Angel (10 February 2021). "За разлика от България водещите държави в ЕС ограничиха ваксината на "Астра Зенека"". dnevnik.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ Boyadzhiev, Yavor (12 January 2021). "Ваксинацията: колосално сложна задача за страна като България". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 12 January 2021.
- ^ "Проф. Костов: в какво сме първи, та по ваксиниране да не сме последни?". sega.bg (in Bulgarian). 26 January 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Lozanov, Georgi (28 January 2021). "Проф. Костов за Ковид-19 и ваксините: "Очаквам с безпокойство края на февруари"". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Dinev, Vassil (21 February 2021). "В Пловдив разкриха най-новото безумие на антиваксърите!". plovdiv24.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ Petkova, Silviya (23 February 2021). "Борисов няма право еднолично да нарежда масова ваксинация". dnevnik.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 25 February 2021.
- ^ "Министър Ангелов назначи проверки в ЦСМП Благоевград и в плевенската болница "Св. Панталеймон"". mh.government.bg (in Bulgarian). 26 January 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ a b c "Защо отказаха ваксина на семейство без здравни осигуровки". vesti.bg (in Bulgarian). 26 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ Arabova, Ivet (editor) (22 December 2020). "Даряваме ваксини срещу Ковид-19 на Северна Македония". bgonair.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 15 February 2021.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ Dzhambazov, Denis (15 February 2021). "В Северна Македония питат: Бойко, къде са ваксините? "Вождът от Белград" даде урок на България как се прави геополитика". fakti.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ Minkov, Nikolay (21 April 2020). ""Галъп": 77% от българите подкрепят мерките на правителството и щаба". bntnews.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Minkov, Nikolay (20 November 2020). ""Галъп": 64% от българите не одобряват КОВИД мерките на правителството". offnews.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ Ditchev, Ivaylo (3 January 2021). "2021 в България и по света: иде ли краят на разпада?". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Проучване: 30% от българите ще се ваксинират, 46% - не". dariknews.bg (in Bulgarian). 11 January 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ Delcheva, Neli (17 November 2020). "Тръмп, Байдън, сатанистите и чипирането. Как и българите повярваха в тези конспирации". svobodnaevropa.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ Boyadzhiev, Yassen (8 December 2020). "България би могла да е сред първите, победили коронавируса. Би могла". dw.com (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 9 January 2021.
External links
- National Vaccination Plan against COVID-19 for the Republic of Bulgaria
- Unified Informational Portal about the COVID-19 vaccines in Bulgaria
- Registration for COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria
- Expected quantities of vaccines per month for Bulgaria
- Covid-19 vaccination tracker in Bulgaria - with historical data group by day
- Covid-19 vaccinations in Bulgaria - figures for all Bulgarian provinces
- COVID-19 vaccination tracker for all countries
- Detailed vaccination statistics for all countries