Date
April 20 is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar . 255 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII .[1]
1453 – Three Genoese galleys and a Byzantine blockade runner fight their way through an Ottoman blockading fleet a few weeks before the fall of Constantinople .
1534 – Jacques Cartier begins his first voyage to what is today the east coast of Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador .[2]
1535 – The sun dog phenomenon is observed over Stockholm ,[3] as later depicted in the famous painting Vädersolstavlan .
1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament .
1657 – Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish silver fleet under heavy fire at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife .
1657 – Freedom of religion is granted to the Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York City).
1689 – Deposed monarch James II of England lays siege to Derry .
1752 – Start of Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War , a new phase in the Burmese Civil War (1740–57).
1770 – The Georgian king, Erekle II , abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben , wins a victory over Ottoman forces at Aspindza .
1775 – American Revolutionary War : The Siege of Boston begins, following the battles at Lexington and Concord .
1789 – George Washington arrives at Grays Ferry, Philadelphia while en route to Manhattan for his inauguration .
1792 – France declares war against the "King of Hungary and Bohemia ", the beginning of French Revolutionary Wars .
1800 – The Septinsular Republic is established.
1809 – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
1810 – The governor of Caracas , Venezuela declares independence from Spain.
1818 – The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.
1828 – René Caillié becomes the second non-Muslim to enter (and the first to return from) Timbuktu , following Major Gordon Laing .
1836 – U.S. Congress passes an act creating the Wisconsin Territory .
1861 – American Civil War : Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia .[4]
1862 – Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard complete the experiment disproving the theory of spontaneous generation .
1865 – Astronomer Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk , which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX 's yacht, the L'Immaculata Concezion .
1876 – The April Uprising begins. Its suppression shocks European opinion, and Bulgarian independence becomes a condition for ending the Russo-Turkish War .
1884 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus .
1898 – U.S. President William McKinley signed a joint resolution to Congress for declaration of war against Spain, beginning the Spanish–American War .[5]
1902 – Pierre and Marie Curie refine radium chloride .
1908 – Opening day of competition in the New South Wales Rugby League .
1912 – Opening day for baseball 's Tiger Stadium in Detroit , and Fenway Park in Boston .
1914 – Nineteen men, women, and children die in the Ludlow Massacre during a Colorado coal-miners' strike.[6]
1916 – The Chicago Cubs play their first game at Weeghman Park (currently Wrigley Field), defeating the Cincinnati Reds 7–6 in 11 innings.
1918 – Manfred von Richthofen , a.k.a. The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims, his final victories before his death the following day.
1922 – The Soviet government creates South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within Georgian SSR .
1939 – Adolf Hitler's 50th birthday 's celebrations in Germany
1945 – World War II : U.S. troops capture Leipzig , Germany, only to later cede the city to the Soviet Union .
1945 – World War II: Führerbunker : On his 56th birthday Adolf Hitler makes his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth .
1945 – Twenty Jewish children used in medical experiments at Neuengamme are killed in the basement of the Bullenhuser Damm school.
1946 – The League of Nations officially dissolves , giving most of its power to the United Nations .
1961 – Cold War : Failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of US-backed Cuban exiles against Cuba .
1968 – English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial "Rivers of Blood" speech .
1972 – Apollo program : Apollo 16 lunar module, commanded by John Young and piloted by Charles Duke , lands on the moon.
1998 – Air France Flight 422 crashes after taking off from El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá , Colombia , killing all 53 people on board.[7]
1999 – Columbine High School massacre : Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold kill 13 people and injure 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado .
2007 – Johnson Space Center shooting : William Phillips with a handgun barricades himself in NASA 's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas before killing a male hostage and himself.
2008 – Danica Patrick wins the Indy Japan 300 becoming the first female driver in history to win an Indy car race.
2010 – The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explodes in the Gulf of Mexico, killing eleven workers and beginning an oil spill that would last six months .
2012 – One hundred twenty-seven people are killed when a plane crashes in a residential area near the Benazir Bhutto International Airport near Islamabad , Pakistan.
2013 – A 6.6-magnitude earthquake strikes Lushan County , Ya'an , in China's Sichuan province, killing more than 150 people and injuring thousands.
2015 – Ten people are killed in a bomb attack on a convoy carrying food supplies to a United Nations compound in Garowe in the Somali region of Puntland .
Births
1494 – Johannes Agricola , German theologian and reformer (d. 1566)[8]
1544 – Renata of Lorraine , Duchess consort of Bavaria (d. 1602)
1586 – Rose of Lima , Peruvian mystic and saint (d. 1617)
1633 – Emperor Go-Kōmyō of Japan (d. 1654)
1646 – Charles Plumier , French botanist and author (d. 1704)
1650 – William Bedloe , English spy (d. 1680)
1718 – David Brainerd , American missionary (d. 1747)
1723 – Cornelius Harnett , American merchant, farmer, and politician (d. 1781)[9]
1727 – Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau , Belgian-Austrian minister and diplomat (d. 1794)
1745 – Philippe Pinel , French physician and psychiatrist (d. 1826)
1748 – Georg Michael Telemann , German composer and theologian (d. 1831)
1772 – William Lawless , Irish revolutionary and French general (d. 1824)
1808 – Napoleon III , French politician, 1st President of France (d. 1873)
1816 – Bogoslav Šulek , Croatian philologist, historian, and lexicographer (d. 1895)
1818 – Heinrich Göbel , German-American mechanic and engineer (d. 1893)
1826 – Dinah Craik , English author and poet (d. 1887)
1836 – Eli Whitney Blake, Jr. , American scientist and academic (d. 1895)
1839 – Carol I of Romania , King of Romania (d. 1914)
1840 – Odilon Redon , French painter and illustrator (d. 1916)
1850 – Daniel Chester French , American sculptor, designed the Lincoln statue (d. 1931)
1851 – Alexander Dianin , Russian chemist (d. 1918)
1851 – Siegmund Lubin , Polish-American businessman, founded the Lubin Manufacturing Company (d. 1923)
1860 – Justinien de Clary , French target shooter (d. 1933)
1871 – Sydney Chapman , English economist and civil servant (d. 1951)
1873 – James Harcourt , English character actor (d. 1951)
1875 – Vladimir Vidrić , Croatian poet and lawyer (d. 1909)
1879 – Paul Poiret , French fashion designer (d. 1944)
1882 – Holland Smith , American general (d. 1967)
1884 – Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1966)
1884 – Oliver Kirk , American boxer (d. 1960)
1884 – Daniel Varoujan , Armenian poet and educator (d. 1915)
1889 – Albert Jean Amateau , Turkish rabbi, lawyer, and activist (d. 1996)
1889 – Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland (d. 1918)
1889 – Marie-Antoinette de Geuser , French mystic (d. 1918)
1889 – Adolf Hitler , Austrian born German politician, Führer of Nazi Germany (d. 1945)
1889 – Tonny Kessler , Dutch footballer (d. 1960)
1890 – Maurice Duplessis , Canadian lawyer and politician, 16th Premier of Quebec (d. 1959)
1890 – Adolf Schärf , Austrian soldier and politician, 6th President of Austria (d. 1965)
1891 – Dave Bancroft , American baseball player and manager (d. 1972)
1893 – Harold Lloyd , American actor, comedian, and producer (d. 1971)
1893 – Joan Miró , Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1983)
1895 – Emile Christian , American trombonist and composer (d. 1973)
1895 – Henry de Montherlant , French essayist, novelist, and dramatist (d. 1972)
1896 – Wop May , Canadian captain and pilot (d. 1952)
1899 – Alan Arnett McLeod , Canadian lieutenant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1918)
1904 – Bruce Cabot , American actor (d. 1972)
1907 – Miran Bux , Pakistani cricketer (d. 1991)
1907 – Augoustinos Kantiotes , Greek bishop (d. 2010)
1908 – Lionel Hampton , American vibraphone player, pianist, bandleader, and actor (d. 2002)
1910 – Fatin Rüştü Zorlu , Turkish diplomat and politician (d. 1961)
1913 – Mimis Fotopoulos , Greek actor and poet (d. 1986)
1913 – Willi Hennig , German biologist and entomologist (d. 1976)
1913 – Roger Rochard , French runner (d. 1993)
1914 – Betty Lou Gerson , American actress (d. 1999)
1915 – Joseph Wolpe , South African psychotherapist and physician (d. 1997)
1916 – Nasiba Zeynalova , Azerbaijani actress (d. 2004)
1918 – Kai Siegbahn , Swedish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
1919 – Richard Hillary , Australian lieutenant and pilot (d. 1943)
1920 – Frances Ames , South African neurologist , psychiatrist, and human rights activist (d. 2002)
1920 – Clement Isong , Nigerian banker and politician, Governor of Cross River State (d. 2000)
1920 – John Paul Stevens , American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2019)
1923 – Mother Angelica , American nun and broadcaster, founded Eternal Word Television Network (d. 2016)[10]
1923 – Irene Lieblich , Polish-American painter and illustrator (d. 2008)
1923 – Tito Puente , American drummer and producer (d. 2000)[11]
1924 – Nina Foch , Dutch-American actress (d. 2008)[12]
1924 – Leslie Phillips , English actor and producer
1924 – Guy Rocher , Canadian sociologist and academic
1925 – Ernie Stautner , German-American football player and coach (d. 2006)
1925 – Elena Verdugo , American actress (d. 2017)
1927 – Bud Cullen , Canadian judge and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Employment and Immigration (d. 2005)
1927 – Phil Hill , American race car driver (d. 2008)
1927 – K. Alex Müller , Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1928 – Robert Byrne , American chess player and author (d. 2013)
1928 – Johnny Gavin , Irish international footballer (d. 2007)[13]
1929 – Harry Agganis , American baseball and football player (d. 1955)
1929 – Bobby Hollander , American film director, actor, and magazine publisher (d. 2002)
1930 – Dwight Gustafson , American composer and conductor (d. 2014)
1930 – Antony Jay , English director and screenwriter (d. 2016)
1931 – Michael Allenby, 3rd Viscount Allenby , English lieutenant and politician (d. 2014)
1931 – John Eccles, 2nd Viscount Eccles , English businessman and politician
1932 – Myriam Bru , French actress
1933 – Kristaq Dhamo , Albanian actor and film director
1936 – Lisa Davis , English and American former child and adult actress
1936 – Pauli Ellefsen , Faroese technician, surveyor, and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 2012)
1936 – Pat Roberts , American captain, journalist, and politician
1936 – Christopher Robinson , English organist and conductor
1937 – Jiří Dienstbier , Czech journalist and politician, Czech Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2011)
1937 – Antonios Kounadis , Greek discus thrower
1937 – Harvey Quaytman , American painter and educator (d. 2002)
1937 – George Takei , American actor
1938 – Betty Cuthbert , Australian sprinter
1938 – Manfred Kinder , German runner
1938 – Peter Snow , British historian and journalist
1938 – Eszter Tamási , Hungarian actress (d. 1991)
1939 – Elspeth Ballantyne , Australian actress
1939 – Peter S. Beagle , American author and screenwriter
1939 – Gro Harlem Brundtland , Norwegian physician and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Norway
1939 – Johnny Tillotson , American singer-songwriter
1940 – James Gammon , American actor (d. 2010)
1941 – Ryan O'Neal , American actor
1942 – Giles Henderson , English lawyer and academic
1942 – Arto Paasilinna , Finnish journalist and author
1943 – Alan Beith , English academic and politician
1943 – John Eliot Gardiner , English conductor and director
1943 – Edie Sedgwick , American model and actress (d. 1971)
1944 – Toivo Aare , Estonian journalist and author (d. 1999)
1945 – Michael Brandon , American actor and director
1945 – Olga Karlatos , Greek actress and Bermudian lawyer
1945 – Thein Sein , Burmese general and politician, 8th President of Burma
1945 – Naftali Temu , Kenyan runner (d. 2003)
1945 – Steve Spurrier , American football player and head coach, 1966 Heisman Trophy winner[14]
1946 – Sandro Chia , Italian painter and sculptor
1946 – Julien Poulin , Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1946 – Gordon Smiley , American race car driver (d. 1982)
1947 – Rita Dionne-Marsolais , Canadian economist and politician
1947 – David Leland , English actor, director, and screenwriter
1947 – Viktor Suvorov , Russian intelligence officer, historian, and author
1948 – Gregory Itzin , American actor
1948 – Matthias Kuhle , German geographer and academic (d. 2015)
1949 – Veronica Cartwright , English-American actress
1949 – Toller Cranston , Canadian-Mexican figure skater and painter (d. 2015)
1949 – Massimo D'Alema , Italian journalist and politician, 76th Prime Minister of Italy
1949 – Jessica Lange , American actress
1950 – Steve Erickson , American author and critic
1950 – Alexander Lebed , Russian general and politician (d. 2002)
1950 – N. Chandrababu Naidu , Indian politician, 13th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
1951 – Louise Jameson , English actress
1951 – Luther Vandross , American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2005)
1952 – Louka Katseli , Greek economist and politician
1952 – Božidar Maljković , Serbian basketball player and coach
1952 – Eric Pickles , English politician, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government
1953 – Sebastian Faulks , English journalist and author
1955 – Donald Pettit , American engineer and astronaut
1956 – Beatrice Ask , Swedish politician, Swedish Minister for Justice
1956 – Peter Chelsom , English film director, writer, and actor
1956 – Kakha Bendukidze , Georgian economist and politician
1956 – Georgie Glen , Scottish actress
1958 – Viacheslav Fetisov , Russian ice hockey player and coach
1959 – Perry Haddock , Australian rugby league player
1960 – Debbie Flintoff-King , Australian hurdler and coach
1961 – Don Mattingly , American baseball player, coach, and manager
1961 – Konstantin Lavronenko , Russian actor
1961 – Nicholas Lyndhurst , English actor
1961 – Paul Usher , English actor
1963 – Maurício Gugelmin , Brazilian race car driver
1963 – Rachel Whiteread , English sculptor
1964 – Crispin Glover , American actor
1964 – Andy Serkis , English actor and director
1964 – Rosalynn Sumners , American figure skater
1965 – Kostis Chatzidakis , Greek politician, Ministry of Economy, Infrastructure, Shipping and Tourism
1965 – Léa Fazer , Swiss film director, screenwriter and actress
1965 – Adrián Fernández , Mexican race car driver
1965 – Rebecca Lacey , English actress
1966 – David Chalmers , Australian philosopher and academic
1966 – David Filo , American businessman, co-founded Yahoo!
1966 – Vincent Riendeau , Canadian ice hockey player
1967 – Mike Portnoy , American drummer and songwriter
1967 – Raymond van Barneveld , Dutch darts player
1968 – Julia Morris , Australian entertainer
1968 – Yelena Välbe , Russian skier and manager
1968 – Roman Virastyuk , Ukrainian shot putter
1969 – Felix Baumgartner , Austrian skydiver and BASE jumper
1969 – Will Hodgman , Australian politician, 45th Premier of Tasmania
1970 – Sarantuya , Mongolian soprano
1970 – Avishai Cohen , Israeli singer-songwriter and bassist
1970 – Shemar Moore , American actor
1971 – Carla Geurts , Dutch swimmer, physiologist, and academic
1971 – Allan Houston , American basketball player and manager
1971 – Nikos Kyzeridis , Greek footballer
1972 – Lê Huỳnh Đức , Vietnamese footballer, coach, and manager
1972 – Carmen Electra , American model and actress
1972 – Željko Joksimović , Serbian singer-songwriter and producer
1972 – Stephen Marley , American singer, guitarist, and producer
1972 – Julia Peng , Taiwanese singer
1973 – Isabel dos Santos ,[15] Angolan businesswoman and first African woman billionaire
1973 – Lamond Murray , American basketball player
1974 – Adrian Ilie , Romanian footballer
1974 – Julie Fernandez , English actress and model
1974 – Urmas Paet , Estonian journalist and politician, 26th Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs
1975 – Killer Mike , American rapper and activist
1976 – Aldo Bobadilla , Paraguayan footballer
1976 – Shay Given , Irish footballer and manager
1976 – Chris Mason , Canadian ice hockey player
1976 – Ismail Rasheed , Maldivian actor
1976 – Georgina Rylance , English actress
1979 – Stian Barsnes-Simonsen , Norwegian actor and television host
1979 – Ludovic Magnin , Swiss footballer and coach
1979 – Nate Marquardt , American mixed martial artist
1980 – Gunta Baško , Latvian basketball player
1980 – Sunaina Sunaina , Indian weightlifter[16]
1980 – Jasmin Wagner , German singer and actress
1982 – Jacqueline Govaert , Dutch singer-songwriter and pianist
1982 – Dario Knežević , Croatian footballer
1983 – Danny Granger , American basketball player
1983 – Miranda Kerr , Australian model
1984 – Nelson Évora , Ivorian-Portuguese triple jumper
1984 – Bárbara Lennie , Spanish actress
1984 – Edixon Perea , Colombian footballer
1984 – Jenna Shoemaker , American triathlete[17]
1985 – Brent Seabrook , Canadian ice hockey player
1987 – Chun Woo-hee , South Korean actress
1988 – Brandon Belt , American baseball player
1989 – Nina Davuluri , Miss America 2014
1989 – Carlos Valdes , Colombian-American actor and singer
1990 – Luhan , Chinese singer and actor
1992 – Marko Meerits , Estonian footballer
1995 – Jean Marie Dongou , Cameroonian footballer
1997 – Alexander "Sascha" Zverev , German tennis player [18]
1998 – Zachary Claman DeMelo , Canadian racing driver[19]
Deaths
689 – Cædwalla , king of Wessex (b. 659)[20]
767 – Taichō , Japanese monk (b. 682)
888 – Xi Zong , Chinese emperor (b. 862)
1099 – Peter Bartholomew (b. 1061)[21]
1164 – Antipope Victor IV
1176 – Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , English-Irish politician, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (b. 1130)
1248 – Güyük Khan , Mongol ruler, 3rd Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. 1206)
1284 – Hōjō Tokimune , regent of Japan (b. 1251)
1314 – Pope Clement V (b. 1264)
1322 – Simon Rinalducci , Italian Augustinian friar
1521 – Zhengde , Chinese emperor (b. 1491)
1534 – Elizabeth Barton , English nun and martyr (b. 1506)
1558 – Johannes Bugenhagen , German priest and theologian (b. 1485)
1643 – Christoph Demantius , German composer and poet (b. 1567)
1703 – Lancelot Addison , English clergyman and educator (b. 1632)
1769 – Chief Pontiac , American tribal leader (b. 1720)
1831 – John Abernethy , English surgeon and anatomist (b. 1764)
1873 – William Tite , English architect, designed the Royal Exchange (b. 1798)
1874 – Alexander H. Bailey , American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1817)
1881 – William Burges , English architect and designer (b. 1827)
1886 – Charles-François-Frédéric, marquis de Montholon-Sémonville , French general and diplomat, French ambassador to the United States (b. 1814)
1887 – Muhammad Sharif Pasha , Greek-Egyptian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1826)
1899 – Joseph Wolf , German ornithologist and illustrator (b. 1820)
1902 – Joaquim de Sousa Andrade , Brazilian poet and educator (b. 1833)
1912 – Bram Stoker , Anglo-Irish novelist and critic, created Count Dracula (b. 1847)
1918 – Karl Ferdinand Braun , German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850)
1927 – Enrique Simonet , Spanish painter and educator (b. 1866)
1929 – Prince Henry of Prussia (b. 1862)
1931 – Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, 5th Baronet , Scottish-English fencer and businessman (b. 1862)
1932 – Giuseppe Peano , Italian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1858)
1935 – John Cameron , Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1872)
1935 – Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon , English fashion designer (b. 1863)
1942 – Jüri Jaakson , Estonian businessman and politician, 6th State Elder of Estonia (b. 1870)
1944 – Elmer Gedeon , American baseball player and pilot (b. 1917)
1945 – Erwin Bumke , Polish-German jurist and politician (b. 1874)
1946 – Mae Busch , Australian actress (b. 1891)
1947 – Christian X of Denmark (b. 1870)
1951 – Ivanoe Bonomi , Italian politician, 25th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1873)
1961 – Ado Vabbe , Estonian painter (b. 1892)
1967 – Léo-Paul Desrosiers , Canadian journalist and author (b. 1896)
1968 – Rudolph Dirks , German-American illustrator (b. 1877)
1969 – Vjekoslav Luburić , Croatian Ustaše official and concentration camp administrator (b. 1914)
1980 – M. Canagaratnam , Sri Lankan politician (b. 1924)
1982 – Archibald MacLeish , American poet, playwright, and lawyer (b. 1892)
1986 – Sibte Hassan , Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (b. 1916)
1991 – Steve Marriott , English singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1947)
1991 – Don Siegel , American director and producer (b. 1912)
1992 – Marjorie Gestring , American springboard diver (b. 1922)
1992 – Benny Hill , English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1924)
1993 – Cantinflas , Mexican actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1911)
1995 – Milovan Đilas , Yugoslav communist, politician, theorist and author (b. 1911)
1996 – Trần Văn Trà , Vietnamese general and politician (b. 1918)
1999 – Casualties of the Columbine High School massacre :
1999 – Rick Rude , American wrestler (b. 1958)
2001 – Giuseppe Sinopoli , Italian conductor and composer (b. 1946)
2002 – Alan Dale , American singer (b. 1925)
2003 – Daijiro Kato , Japanese motorcycle racer (b. 1976)
2003 – Bernard Katz , German-English biophysicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
2004 – Lizzy Mercier Descloux , French musician, singer-songwriter, composer, actress, writer and painter (b. 1956)
2005 – Fumio Niwa , Japanese journalist and author (b. 1904)
2007 – Andrew Hill , American pianist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1931)
2007 – Michael Fu Tieshan , Chinese bishop (b. 1931)
2008 – Monica Lovinescu , Romanian journalist and author (b. 1923)
2010 – Dorothy Height , American educator and activist (b. 1912)
2011 – Tim Hetherington , English photographer and journalist (b. 1970)
2012 – Bert Weedon , English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1920)[22]
2014 – Mithat Bayrak , Turkish wrestler and trainer (b. 1929)
2014 – Rubin Carter , American-Canadian boxer (b. 1937)
2014 – Neville Wran , Australian lawyer and politician, 35th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1926)
2016 – Victoria Wood , British comedian, actress and writer (b. 1953)
2017 – Cuba Gooding Sr. , American singer and actor (b. 1944)
2018 – Avicii , Swedish DJ and musician (b. 1989)
2018 – John Waller , English historical European martial arts (HEMA) revival pioneer and fight director (b. 1940)[23]
2019 – Jacqueline Saburido , Venezuelan activist (b. 1978)[24]
Holidays and observances
References
^ Torgil Magnuson (2004). Urban Transformation of Medieval Rome, 312-1420 . Swedish Institute in Rome. p. 121. ISBN 978-91-7042-167-9 .
^ John George Hodgins (1865). A School History of Canada, and of the Other British North American Provinces . J. Lovell. p. 26.
^ Ulla Ehrensvärd (2006). The history of the Nordic map: from myths to reality . John Nurminen Foundation. p. 139. ISBN 978-952-9745-20-3 .
^ Pryor, Elizabeth Brown (Winter 2008). "Robert E. Lee's 'Severest Struggle' " . American Heritage . Retrieved April 20, 2019 .
^ McCallum, Jack (2008). Military Medicine: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century . Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-85109-693-0 .
^ Rees, Jonathan (2013). "Ludlow Massacre". In Dubofsky, Melvyn (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Business, Labor, and Economic History. Volume 1: Abra to Mutu . Oxford, UK: Oxford Univeresity Press. pp. 483–484. ISBN 9780199993048 .
^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-230 HC-BSU Bogotá-Eldorado Airport (BOG)" . aviation-safety.net . Retrieved 2019-04-17 .
^ Joseph Whitaker (1993). An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord ... J. Whitaker. p. 14.
^ John Hill Wheeler (1966). Reminiscences and Memoirs of North Carolina and Eminent North Carolinians . Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8063-0375-8 .
^ Gale Group (2003). New Catholic Encyclopedia: Ead-Fre . Thomson/Gale. p. 379. ISBN 978-0-7876-4009-5 .
^ Steven Joseph Loza (1999). Tito Puente and the Making of Latin Music . University of Illinois Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-252-06778-5 .
^ Gerald Gardner; Jim Bellows (2007). 80: From Ben Bradlee to Lena Horne to Carl Reiner, Our Most Famous Eighty Year Olds Reveal Why They Never Felt So Young . Sourcebooks, Inc. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-4022-4823-8 .
^ "Johnny Gavin" . 11v11.com . Retrieved 6 April 2020 .
^ "Steve Spurrier" . Pro Football Reference . Retrieved 21 April 2020 .
^ ISABEL DOS SANTOS - SEGREDOS E PODER DO DINHEIRO Archived 2016-06-15 at the Wayback Machine . Filipe S. Fernandes. Documentation (Portuguese)
^ "Results" . m2002.thecgf.com . Retrieved 7 May 2020 .
^ Irene English Shoemaker (1990). Van Buskirk: A Legacy from New Amsterdam . R.W. Shoemaker. p. 295.
^ "Alexander Zverev" . ATP Tour . Retrieved 20 April 2020 .
^ "Zachary Claman De Melo" . Retrieved 28 September 2018 .
^ Richard Barber (December 1992). Arthurian Literature VI . Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-85991-226-6 .
^ Raimond (d'Aguilers.) (1968). Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem . American Philosophical Society. p. 108.
^ "Bert Weedon obituary" . The Guardian . 20 April 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2020 .
^ Wilson, Guy (2018). "John Waller — A Life Remembered" . Arms & Armour . Royal Armouries . 15 (2): 113–121. doi :10.1080/17416124.2018.1522141 .
^ Schwartz, Jeremy; K.M. Haurwitz, Ralph (22 April 2019). "Jacqui Saburido, the face of campaigns against drunken driving, dies at 40" . Statesman.com . Retrieved 22 April 2019 .
External links