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'''Gouache''' (from the [[Italian language|Italian]] ''guazzo'', "water paint, splash") is a type of [[ |
'''Gouache''' (from the [[Italian language|Italian]] ''guazzo'', "water paint, splash") is a type of [[paint]] consisting of [[pigment]] suspended in [[water]]. Gouache differs from [[watercolor painting|watercolour]] in that the particles are larger, the ratio of pigment to water is much higher, and the presence of an inert white pigment such as [[chalk]]. This makes gouache heavier and more opaque, with greater reflective qualities.{{ref|Wash_Gou}} |
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== History == |
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The term was originally coined in the eighteenth century in [[France]], although the technique is considerably older, having been in use as early as the 14th century in illustrated manuscripts (country of origin unknown) [[Europe]]. |
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''Guazzo'' was originally a term applied to the early [[sixteenth century]] practice of applying [[oil paint]] over a [[tempera]] base.{{ref|Hand_mat}} The term was applied to the watermedia in the [[eighteenth century]] in [[France]], although the technique is considerably older. It was used as early as the [[12th century]] in [[Islamic art]] and as early as the [[14th century]] in [[Europe]]. |
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== Application == |
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The pigment dries slightly lighter than it appears when wet, which can make it difficult to match colors. The medium can also be susceptible to cracking if applied too thickly; this problem can be alleviated to some degree by the use of thickening media such as [[aquapasto]]. It can be very effective when applied to colored paper, for example in works by [[J.M.W. Turner]]. |
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Gouache dries slightly lighter than it appears when wet, which can make it difficult to match colors over multiple painting sessions. This, combined with its quick coverage and total hiding power, mean that gouache lends itself to more immediate techniques than watercolour.{{ref|Imed_tech}} ''[[En plein air]]'' paintings take advantage of this, as do works by [[J.M.W. Turner]]. |
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Modern applications of gouache depend upon these qualities for pragmatic, rather than [[aesthetic]] reasons. Most 20th Century [[animation]]s used it create an opaque color on a cell with [[watercolor]] paint used for backgrounds, and gouache as "poster paint" is desirable for its speed and durability. |
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Today the term gouache can be used interchangeably with body color, although the latter is made in a slightly different way. |
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It can also be used as a term for any painting produced entirely with gouache. |
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== See also == |
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Gouache was the original, and is still the primary, paint used in the production of [[decalcomania]]s. |
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*[[Aquapasto]] |
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*[[Decalcomania]] |
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== References == |
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#{{Note|Wash_Gou}} Marjorie B. Cohn, ''Wash and Gouache'', Fogg Museum, 1977. |
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#{{Note|Hand_mat}} Mayer, Ralph. ''The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques'', Viking Adult; 5th revised and updated edition, 1991. ISBN 0670837016 |
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#{{Note|Imed_tech}} Adolf Dehn, ''Water Color, Gouache'' Studio Publishing 1955. ISBN 0670751103 |
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Gouache was used in most 20th Century animations to create an opaque color on a cell with [[watercolor]] paint used for backgrounds. |
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[[Category:Painting materials]] |
[[Category:Painting materials]] |
Revision as of 06:47, 17 January 2006
Gouache (from the Italian guazzo, "water paint, splash") is a type of paint consisting of pigment suspended in water. Gouache differs from watercolour in that the particles are larger, the ratio of pigment to water is much higher, and the presence of an inert white pigment such as chalk. This makes gouache heavier and more opaque, with greater reflective qualities.[1]
History
Guazzo was originally a term applied to the early sixteenth century practice of applying oil paint over a tempera base.[2] The term was applied to the watermedia in the eighteenth century in France, although the technique is considerably older. It was used as early as the 12th century in Islamic art and as early as the 14th century in Europe.
Application
Gouache dries slightly lighter than it appears when wet, which can make it difficult to match colors over multiple painting sessions. This, combined with its quick coverage and total hiding power, mean that gouache lends itself to more immediate techniques than watercolour.[3] En plein air paintings take advantage of this, as do works by J.M.W. Turner.
Modern applications of gouache depend upon these qualities for pragmatic, rather than aesthetic reasons. Most 20th Century animations used it create an opaque color on a cell with watercolor paint used for backgrounds, and gouache as "poster paint" is desirable for its speed and durability.