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This is a list of important publications in philosophy, organized by field.
Some reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important:
- Topic creator – A publication that created a new topic
- Breakthrough – A publication that changed scientific knowledge significantly
- Influence – A publication which has significantly influenced the world or has had a massive impact on the teaching of philosophy.
Contents
- 1 Historical texts
- 2 Contemporary philosophy
- 2.1 Epistemology
- 2.2 Metaphysics
- 2.3 Philosophy of biology
- 2.4 Philosophy of chemistry
- 2.5 Philosophy of mind
- 2.6 Philosophy of physics
- 2.7 Philosophy of psychology
- 2.8 Philosophy of religion
- 2.9 Philosophy of science
- 2.10 Ethics, value, and social philosophy
- 2.11 Logic, language, and mathematics
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
Historical texts
Western philosophy
Ancient philosophy
- Plato, Charmides
- Plato, Lysis
- Plato, Laches
- Plato, Protagoras
- Plato, Euthydemus
- Plato, Cratylus
- Plato, Phaedrus
- Plato, Ion
- Plato, Symposium
- Plato, Meno
- Plato, Euthyphro
- Plato, Apology
- Plato, Crito
- Plato, Phaedo
- Plato, Gorgias
- Plato, The Republic
- Plato, Timaeus
- Plato, Critias
- Plato, Parmenides
- Plato, Theaetetus
- Plato, Sophist
- Plato, Statesman
- Plato, Philebus
- Plato, Laws
- Aristotle, Organon:
- Aristotle, Physics
- Aristotle, On the Heavens
- Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption
- Aristotle, Meteorology
- Aristotle, Metaphysics
- Aristotle, On the Soul
- Aristotle, Parva Naturalia:
- Aristotle, On Breath
- Aristotle, History of Animals
- Aristotle, Parts of Animals
- Aristotle, Movement of Animals
- Aristotle, Progression of Animals
- Aristotle, Generation of Animals
- Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
- Aristotle, Politics
- Aristotle, Constitution of the Athenians
- Aristotle, Rhetoric
- Aristotle, Poetics
- Lucretius, On the Nature of Things
- Epictetus, Discourses, AD 101
- Epictetus, Enchiridion, AD 135
- Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
- Plotinus, Enneads
- Parmenides, Ontological Poem
Medieval philosophy
- Augustine of Hippo, Enchiridion
- Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, c. AD 397
- Augustine of Hippo, The City of God, early 5th century
- Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy, c. 500
- Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed
- Maimonides, Mishneh Torah
- Yehuda Halevi, Kuzari
- Saadia Gaon, Emunoth ve-Deoth
- Al-Ghazali, The Incoherence of the Philosophers
- Averroes, The Incoherence of the Incoherence
- Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra Gentiles, c. 1260
- Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae
- Anselm, Proslogion
Other medieval philosophers who wrote important works include Avicenna, Peter Abelard, Albert the Great, Pseudo-Dionysius, Johannes Scotus Eriugena, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham.
Modern philosophy
- Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (De Principatibus / Il Principe), 1513 (printed 1532)
- Sir Francis Bacon, Advancement of Learning, 1605
- Sir Francis Bacon, Novum Organum, 1620
- René Descartes, Discourse on Method (Discours de la méthode), 1637
- René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy (Meditationes de prima philosophia), 1641
- Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651
- Blaise Pascal, Provincial Letters (Lettres provinciales), 1656/57
- Blaise Pascal, Pensées, 1670
- Baruch Spinoza, Ethics (Ethica, ordine geometrico demonstrata), 1677
- John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689
- John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1689
- Gottfried Leibniz, Discourse on Metaphysics (Discours de métaphysique), 1686
- Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays Concerning Human Understanding (Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain), 1704 (printed 1765)
- Gottfried Leibniz, Théodicée, 1710
- Gottfried Leibniz, Monadology (Eclaircissement sur les Monades; Lehrsätze über die Monadologie), 1714 (printed 1720)
- George Berkeley, Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, 1710
- David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature, 1738–1740
- David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, 1748
- David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, 1751
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Discourse on the Arts and Sciences (Discours sur les sciences et les arts), 1750
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile: or, On Education (Émile, ou De l’éducation), 1762
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract (Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique), 1762
- Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 1759
- Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776
- Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft), 1781
- Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals (Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten), 1785
- Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason (Kritik der praktischen Vernunft), 1788
- Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgement (Kritik der Urteilskraft), 1790
- Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Foundations of the Science of Knowledge (Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre) , 1794
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit (Phänomenologie des Geistes), 1807
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Science of Logic (Wissenschaft der Logik), 1812–1817
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of Right (Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts), 1820
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, The Philosophy of History (Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Weltgeschichte), (printed 1837)
- Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung), 1819–1859
- Søren Kierkegaard, Either/Or (Enten – Eller. Et Livs-Fragment), 1843
- Søren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling (Frygt og Bæven), 1843
- Søren Kierkegaard, The Concept of Anxiety (Begrebet Angest), 1844
- Max Stirner, The Ego and Its Own (Der Einzige und sein Eigenthum), 1844
- Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto (Manifest der kommunistischen Partei), 1848
- Karl Marx, Das Kapital, 1867–1894
- John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, 1859
- John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism, 1861–1863
- John Stuart Mill, Harriet Taylor Mill, The Subjection of Women, 1869
- Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Also sprach Zarathustra), 1883–1891
- Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil (Jenseits von Gut und Böse), 1886
- Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals (Zur Genealogie der Moral), 1887
Other modern authors who wrote significant philosophical works include Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Henri Bergson, Nicolas Malebranche, Thomas Reid, Marsilio Ficino, Ludwig Feuerbach, Auguste Comte, Charles Sanders Peirce.
Eastern philosophy
- Sun Tzu, The Art of War, approx. 600 BC
- Miyamoto Musashi, The Book of Five Rings, approx. 1600 AD
Buddhist philosophy
- Abhidhamma
- Nagarjuna, Mulamadhyamakakarika (Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way)
Confucianism
- Five Classics, edited or compiled by Confucius
- The I Ching
- The Shi Jing or The Book of Odes
- The Classic of Rites
- The Classic of History
- The Spring and Autumn Annals
- Four Books, selected by Zhu Xi (1130 – 1200)
- Confucius and Zeng Zi, The Great Learning
- Confucius, The Analects of Confucius
- Zisi, The Doctrine of the Mean
- Mencius, The Mencius
- Xun Zi, Xunzi
Hindu philosophy
- The Upanishads
- The Bhagavad Gita ("The Song of God")
- Samkhya school:
- Nyaya school:
- Vaisheshika school:
- Yoga school:
- Vedanta school:
Chinese Legalism
Taoism
- Lao Zi, Tao Te Ching, approx. 6th century BC
- Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu),
- Liezi, Liezi
Mohism
Contemporary philosophy
Epistemology
- Bertrand Russell, The Problems of Philosophy (1912)
- G.E. Moore, A Defence of Common Sense (1925)
- Edmund Gettier, Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? (1963)
- Richard Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (1979)
- Alain Badiou, Being and Event (1988)
- Roderick Chisholm, A Theory of Knowing
- Alvin Goldman, Epistemology and Cognition
- John McDowell, Mind and World
- Susan Haack, Evidence and Enquiry
- Laurence Bonjour, The Structure of Empirical Knowledge.
- Stephen Stich, The Fragmentation of Reason
- Timothy Williamson, Knowledge and its Limits
- Keith DeRose, The Case for Contextualism
- Jason Stanley, Knowledge and Practical Interest
- Hilary Kornblith, Knowledge and its Place in Nature
- Jonathan Kvanvig, The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding.
- David K. Lewis, 'Elusive Knowledge'
- Willard van Orman Quine, 'Epistemology Naturalized'
Metaphysics
- John Dewey, Experience and Nature, 1929
- William James, Pragmatism
- G. E. Moore, The Refutation of Idealism, 1903
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (a.k.a. The Tractatus)
- Alfred North Whitehead, Process and Reality
- Martin Heidegger, Being and Time
- A. J. Ayer, Language, Truth, and Logic
- Rudolf Carnap, Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology
- D.M. Armstrong, Universals and Scientific Realism
- W.V.O. Quine, Two Dogmas of Empiricism
- W.V.O. Quine, On What There Is
- Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity
- Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons
- David Kellogg Lewis, On the Plurality of Worlds
- Gilles Deleuze, Difference and Repetition
- Alain Badiou, Being and Event
- John McDowell, Mind and World
- Quentin Meillassoux, After Finitude.
- Graham Harman, The Quadruple Object
- Timothy Williamson, Modal Logic as Metaphysics
- Stephen Mumford, Dispositions.
- Theodore Sider, Writing the Book of the World.
- David Chalmers, Constructing the World.
Philosophy of biology
- Elliott Sober, The Nature of Selection
- Erwin Schrödinger, What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell, 1945
- Ruth Garrett Millikan, Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories
- Daniel C. Dennett, Darwin's Dangerous Idea
Philosophy of chemistry
- J. van Brakel, Philosophy of Chemistry, Leuven University Press, 2000.
Philosophy of mind
- David Chalmers, The Conscious Mind and The Character of Consciousness
- Daniel Dennett, Consciousness Explained
- Edmund Husserl, Ideas, 1913
- Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations, 1900-1901
- Thomas Nagel, What Is it Like to Be a Bat?
- Hilary Putnam, The Meaning of Meaning
- Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind, 1949
- Wilfrid Sellars, Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind, 1956
- John Searle, Intentionality
- Roger Penrose, The Emperor's New Mind
- Ruth Millikan, Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories.
- Jerry Fodor, The Language of Thought
- Jerry Fodor, The Modularity of Mind
- Andy Clark, Supersizing the Mind
- Tyler Burge, 'Anti-Individualism and the Mental'
- Paul Churchland, 'Eliminative Materialism and Propositional Attitudes'
- Stephen Stich, From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science
- David K. Lewis, ‘An Argument for the Identity Theory’.
Philosophy of physics
- Hans Reichenbach, The Philosophy of Space and Time
- John Stuart Bell, On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox, 1964
Philosophy of psychology
Philosophy of religion
- Alvin Plantinga, God and Other Minds, 1967
- Alvin Plantinga, 'Is Belief in God Properly Basic', 1981
- Richard Swinburne, The Existence of God, 1979
- William Lane Craig, The Kalam Cosmological Argument, 1979
- J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of Theism, 1982
- Dewi Zephaniah Phillips, 'Religion Without Explanation'
- William Rowe, 'The Evidential Argument from Evil: A Second Look', 1996
Philosophy of science
- Karl Pearson, The Grammar of Science, 1892
- Nelson Goodman, Fact, Fiction, and Forecast, 1954
- Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1959
- Thomas Samuel Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 1962
- Hans Reichenbach, The Rise of Scientific Philosophy
- Paul Feyerabend, Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge, 1975
- Bas C. van Fraassen, The Scientific Image, 1980
- David K. Lewis, 'How to Define Theoretical Terms', 1970.
- Larry Laudan, 'The Demise of the Demarcation Problem', 1983
Ethics, value, and social philosophy
Aesthetics
- Martin Heidegger, The Origin of the Work of Art
- R.G. Collingwood, The Principles of Art
- Theodor Adorno, Aesthetic Theory
- Nelson Goodman, Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols, 1968
- Arthur C. Danto, After the End of Art
- Immanuel Kant, Critique of judgment, 1790
Ethics
- G. E. M. Anscombe, Modern Moral Philosophy
- Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Capitalism and Schizophrenia
- Philippa Foot, Virtues and Vices and Natural Goodness
- David Gauthier, Morals by Agreement
- Alan Gewirth, Reason and Morality
- Allan Gibbard, Thinking How to Live
- Susan Hurley, Natural Reasons
- Shelly Kagan, The Limits of Morality
- Christine Korsgaard, The Sources of Normativity
- John McDowell, Values as Secondary Qualities
- Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue
- J. L. Mackie, Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong
- G. E. Moore, Principia Ethica
- Martha Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness
- Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons
- Derek Parfit, On What Matters
- Peter Railton, Facts, Values, and Norms
- W. D. Ross, The Right and the Good
- Thomas M. Scanlon, What We Owe to Each Other
- Samuel Scheffler, The Rejection of Consequentialism
- Peter Singer, Practical Ethics
- Michael A. Smith, The Moral Problem
- Bernard Williams, Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy
- Jeremy Bentham, The Principles of Morals and Legislation
Freedom and responsibility
Bioethics
- Paul Ramsey, The Patient as a Person
- Paul Ramsey, Fabricated Man
- Judith Jarvis Thomson, "A Defense of Abortion"
Business ethics
- Tibor R. Machan, The Morality of Business: A Profession for Human Wealthcare (2007)
Feminism
- Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex
- Judith Butler, 'Performative Acts and Gender Constitution', (1988)
Existentialism
- Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness
- Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism is a Humanism
Philosophy of economics
- Kenneth Arrow, Social Choice and Individual Values
- Karl Marx, Wage Labour and Capital
- Ludwig von Mises, The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science
- Elizabeth S. Anderson, Value in Ethics and Economics
Philosophy of education
- B.F. Skinner, Walden Two
- John Dewey, Democracy and Education
- Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed
Philosophy of history
Philosophy of law
- John Finnis, Natural Law and Natural Rights
- H.L.A. Hart, The Concept of Law, 1994
- Lon L. Fuller, The Morality of Law
- Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire
Political philosophy
- Karl Popper, The Open Society and Its Enemies
- John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, 1971
- Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia
- Lenin, V.I. State and Revolution
- Jon Elster, Making Sense of Marx
- Gerald Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History
Postcolonialism
Logic, language, and mathematics
Logic and philosophy of logic
- Charles Sanders Peirce, "How to Make Our Ideas Clear"
- Gottlob Frege, Begriffsschrift
- Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead, Principia Mathematica, 1910-1913
- Kurt Gödel, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems", 1931
- Saul Kripke, "Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic"
- Alfred Tarski, "The Concept of Truth"
- Hans Georg Gadamer, Truth and Method
- Donald Davidson, "Truth and Meaning"
Philosophy of language
- Gottlob Frege, "Sense and Reference"
- Bertrand Russell, "On Denoting"
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations
- J. L. Austin, "A Plea for Excuses"
- Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity
- H. P. Grice, "Logic and Conversation"
- Michael Dummett, Frege: Philosophy of Language
- Jacques Derrida, Of Grammatology
- Robert Brandom, Making it Explicit
- David K. Lewis, 'General Semantics'
- David Chalmers, 'Two Dimensional Semantics'
Philosophy of mathematics
- Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, Principia Mathematica
- Paul Benacerraf What Numbers Could not Be
- Paul Benacerraf, Mathematical Truth
- Paul Benacerraf and Hilary Putnam, Philosophy of Mathematics: Selected Readings
- George Boolos, Logic, Logic and Logic
- Penelope Maddy, Second Philosophy.
- Hartry Field, Without Numbers.
See also
References
- Bertrand Russell entry by Andrew David Irvine in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Further reading
- What Are the Modern Classics? The Baruch Poll of Great Philosophy in the Twentieth Century, Douglas P. Lackey, Philosophical Forum 30(4): 329-346 (1999).
- American Philosophical Association
- Epistemology Research Guide
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Annotated Bibliography on Analysis
- Contemporary Philosophy of Mind: An Annotated Bibliography
- London Philosophy Study Guide
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