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Industry | Media |
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Genre | Sports network |
Founded | Issy-les-Moulineaux, France (5 February 1989 ) |
Headquarters | Issy-les-Moulineaux, France |
Products | Television channels |
Parent | Discovery Communications |
Website | www |
Eurosport is a pan-European television sports network, owned and operated by Discovery Communications. Discovery took a 20% minority interest share in December 2012,[1] and became majority shareholder in the Eurosport venture with TF1 in January 2014, taking a 51% share of the company,[2] On 22 July 2015 Discovery agreed to acquire TF1's remaining 49% stake in the venture.[3]
Eurosport owns a wide range of rights across many sports but generally does not bid for premium priced rights such as those to major football leagues. However, in 2015 it was awarded rights to broadcast the Olympic Games from 2018 for most of Europe and 2022 for the UK and France in a deal worth €1.3 billion (£922 million).[4] It transmits much of the same footage across many markets, using unseen commentators rather than on-screen presenters so that the same visual feed may be broadcast in multiple languages while holding down production costs.
The network of channels is available in 54 countries, in 20 different languages, providing viewers with European and international sporting events. Eurosport first launched on European satellites on 5 February 1989.
Contents
Sporting events
Eurosport provides viewers with European and international sporting events. This includes: the Paris Dakar Rally, Monte Carlo Rally, athletics events such as World Athletics Championships and the European Athletics Championships, cycling events such as the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a España, tennis events including the French Open, Australian Open, Wimbledon (only for Belgium) and the US Open, World Championship Snooker, ICC World Twenty20, ICC Cricket World Cup, ICC Champions Trophy, Sudirman Cup, All England Open Badminton Championships, Australian Football League, basketball events such as Eurocup Basketball, Euroleague Basketball (only for Greece) and Olympiakos Piraeus home matches in the Greek Basket League (only for Poland), PGA Tour (only for Italy), wintersports, football events such as AFC Asian Cup, Argentine Primera División (only for Belgium, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Russia and Scandinavia), Brazilian League (only for Czech Republic, Poland, Russia and Scandinavia), Bundesliga (only for the Balkan Peninsula, Baltic states, Nordic Region, Russia, Serbia and most of Southeastern Europe), CAF African Cup of Nations, Copa do Brasil (except Portugal), Ekstraklasa (except for Germany and UK), 2018 FIFA World Cup CONMEBOL Qualifiers, J1 League (except Germany), La Liga (only for Denmark), Ligue 1 (only for the Netherlands), Major League Soccer (except UK), Premier League (only for Romania), Serie A (only for Denmark and the Netherlands), UEFA Europa League (only for Poland and Scandinavia) and youth sports like skating and surfing. In June 2015 it was announced that Eurosport had secured the pan-European rights (except Russia) to the winter and summer Olympic Games between 2018 and 2024.[5]
Motorsport
Eurosport Events (formerly known as 'KSO Kigema Sports Organisation Ltd') is the Eurosport group's world-class sporting events management/promotion/production division, which promotes the FIA World Touring Car Championship (WTCC), the FIA European Touring Car Cup and the FIA European Rally Championship. Eurosport broadcasts every WTCC race live and every ERC rally either live or with daily highlights.
Eurosport Events was also the promoter of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge, a rival rallying series to the World Rally Championship. The IRC ceased at the end of the 2012 season, with Eurosport taking over series promotion of the ERC from 2013.
Since 2008, the Eurosport Group has also been broadcasting the annual 24 Hours of Le Mans in full.
Eurosport has Spanish broadcasting rights for NASCAR and Verizon IndyCar Series.
On 29 September 2015, Eurosport acquired the Portuguese broadcasting rights for Formula One between 2016 and 2018.[6]
History
![](https://web.archive.org/web/20160412001304im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eurosport_logo.svg/220px-Eurosport_logo.svg.png)
Prior to the creation of Eurosport, the European Broadcasting Union was acquiring substantial amounts of sports rights, yet its members were only able to broadcast a fraction of them. This provided the impetus for setting up the Eurosport Consortium, made up of several EBU members, to establish an outlet where these rights could be exploited. Sky Television plc was chosen as a commercial partner, and the channel could launch on 5 February 1989.
1991 closure
Eurosport was closed down in May 1991 after the competing Screensport channel had filed a complaint to the European Commission over the corporate structure. The channel was however saved when the TF1 Group (formed after the French government privatised TF1 5 years prior to this) stepped in to replace BSkyB as joint-owners. A new Eurosport channel was able to start its broadcasts the same month.
On 1 March 1993, the cable and satellite channel Screensport merged with Eurosport. Eurosport eventually came under a French consortium comprising the TF1 Group, Canal+ Group and Havas Images. In January 2001, TF1 took full ownership of Eurosport.
In May 2007, Yahoo! Europe and Eurosport formed a co-branded website which Eurosport used as its web portal, including an online TV guide, in the UK, Ireland, Spain, Italy and Germany.[8]
In 2008, Eurosport launched an online subscription service, Eurosport Player, that allows Internet users to watch both Eurosport and Eurosport 2 live, plus additional coverage not available via broadcast. During the 2009 Australian Open, the Internet player offered coverage from five courts.
On 21 December 2012, Discovery Communications purchased a 20% stake in Eurosport from TF1 Group for €170m.[1]
2011 rebrand
On 5 April 2011 Eurosport rebranded its channel. The rebrand incorporated six new on-air idents along with a new logo and presentation style both on-air and off-air.[9][10] The new on-air identity has been designed by Paris-based design company Les Télécréateurs.[7] All localised Eurosport channels and the Eurosport website embraced the new identity.[10]
Analogue closedown
Eurosport, having been one of the first channels to broadcast on the Astra 1 group of satellites, was the last satellite channel in Europe to broadcast in an analogue format. On 30 April 2012, shortly after 03:00 CET, the rest of the remaining analogue channels at 19.2 East ceased transmission. Eurosport's analogue channel finally ceased transmission on 1 May 2012 at 01:30 CET, marking the end of an era in European satellite broadcasting.
Eurosport 1
On 13 November 2015, Eurosport introduced its new brand identity and changed the name of its main channel to Eurosport 1.[11]
Eurosport feeds
In Europe, Eurosport 1 is generally available in basic cable and satellite television packages. Since 1999, Eurosport 1 provides various opt-out services providing more relevant sporting content specific to language, advertising and commentary needs. Eurosport offers a stand-alone channel which provides a standardised version of the channel (Eurosport International in English). Alongside this there are also local Eurosport channels in France, United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Poland, Nordic region and Asia Pacific. These channels offer greater sporting content with local sporting events, while also utilising the existing pan-European feed. The German version of Eurosport is the only one available free-to-air on European digital satellite television.
Eurosport 1 is currently broadcast in twenty languages: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Finnish, Russian, Polish, Czech, Hungarian, Romanian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Greek, Turkish, and Cantonese.
In Asia-Pacific territories, Eurosport offers a specific channel to this region. Eurosport (Asia-Pacific) launched on 15 November 2009.[12] The service is available in Australia through Foxtel, Optus and TransACT. On 3 November 2014, a HD simulcast launched on Foxtel.[13]
Channels
Eurosport 1
This is the main channel of Eurosport. A high-definition simulcast version of Eurosport launched on 25 May 2008. The first event covered in HD being the 2008 French Open at Roland Garros. On 13 November 2015 it changed its name to Eurosport 1 HD
Eurosport 2
A supplementary channel featuring more live sports events, programming and news updates. Eurosport 2 launched on 10 January 2005 and is currently available in 35 countries, broadcasting in 16 different languages English, Swedish, French, Italian, German, Greek, Hungarian, Russian, Bulgarian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish, Czech, Danish, Dutch and Spanish.
Eurosport 2 is self-describing as "the new generation sports channel" - dedicated to team sports, alternative sports, discovery and entertainment including basketball, Twenty20 Cricket, National Lacrosse League, Arena Football League, surfing, Volleyball Champions League, Australian Rules Football matches from the Australian Football League, Bandy World Championships and more.
Eurosport 2 HD, a high-definition version of the channel is also available.
Eurosport News
A sports news channel launched on 1 September 2000, featuring live scores, highlights, breaking news and commentary. The service combines video, text and graphics with the screen being divided into 4 sections - a video section that displays highlights and news bulletins, a breaking news ticker at the bottom and a scoring section that gives in-depth analysis of results and game stats.
Eurosport France
British Eurosport
In the UK, British Eurosport launched in 1999, replacing Eurosport International on most platforms with some schedule variations and local commentary. The launch of British Eurosport and creation of programming specifically for the UK was initially funded by Premium TV, which did not have a stake in the sports channel, but received a share of the revenue.[14] British Eurosport had live studio presentations of major sporting events and tournaments.
On British Eurosport James Richardson previously hosted the coverage of Serie A football on the Channel from 2002 to 2005 and 2004 UEFA European Football Championship with regular guests including Alan Curbishley, DJ Spoony, former Chelsea FC players Paul Elliott, Ed de Goey, Ray Wilkins, Roberto Di Matteo & former Chelsea goalkeeper Carlo Cudicini now at LA Galaxy, former England International Luther Blissett and European football journalists Gabriele Marcotti and Xavier Rivoire.
Will Vanders is known for his spirited coverage of K-1 events, and greets the viewer in Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Thai to introduce the martial arts show, Fight Club, on Monday nights.
For tennis, studio presentation for the Australian Open, French Open, U.S. Open and WTA Tour Championships on British Eurosport is hosted by Annabel Croft with the segment Hawk-Eye presented by former British number 2 Jason Goodall. (Goodall was briefly ranked ahead of Chris Bailey, Nick Brown, Andrew Castle, Nick Fulwood, Mark Petchey, and James Turner, in May 1989).
British Eurosport covers the snooker season including ranking events not broadcast by BBC Television including the Shanghai Masters and China Open. Mike Hallett and former world champion Joe Johnson are among the commentators.
British Eurosport has also three figure skating commentators: former Winter Olympic Games competitors Chris Howarth & Nicky Slater, and veteran commentator Simon Reed - brother of the late actor Oliver Reed.
Tour de France coverage in 2014 was commentated on by Carlton Kirby (following the departure of David Harmon) with veteran cyclist Sean Kelly as the technical expert. The duo continued to commentate in 2015 and an additional pre and post programme was broadcast, "Lemond on Tour". This was presented by Ashley House with comment and analysis from Eurosport Cycling Ambassador Greg LeMond. Additional interviews were provided by Spanish cycling journalist Laura Meseguer and former pro racing cyclist Juan Antonio Flecha.
David Goldstrom has commentated on ski jumping and ski flying events since the 1990s.
On 10 February 2009, British Eurosport started to broadcast most of its programming in the 16:9 'widescreen' ratio. After the collapse of Setanta Sports, rights for the 2009 season in the USPGA Golf tour reverted to British Eurosport.
On 25 July 2012, British Eurosport HD launched on the Sky, UPC Ireland and Virgin Media platforms, this replaced the pan-European Eurosport HD in the UK and Ireland.[15] Despite Ireland not being in the UK, Irish viewers receive British Eurosport. British Eurosport 2 HD launched on 3 September 2012 on the Sky platform. Virgin Media has also carried Eurosport 3D to broadcast the 2011 and 2012 French Open and 2012 Summer Olympics. UPC Ireland also broadcast Eurosport 3D for the 2011 French Open. Throughout the duration of the 2012 Summer Olympics, Eurosport 3D also broadcast on the Sky 3D channel.[16]
On 13 November 2015 British Eurosport changed its names to Eurosport 1 & Eurosport 1 HD.
Eurosport Portugal
Eurosport Spain
Eurosport 3D
In April 2010, Eurosport 3D launched but is only broadcast during a select number of events, such as the French Open and 2012 Summer Olympics.[17][18]
Personalities
Neil Robertson
Hannes Örasche
Karsten Kroom
Angel Iskrev
Kamen Petrov
Ognian Georgiev
Peter Herakov
Greg Rusedski
Eva Poskočilová
Jan Domineć
Ondrej Novotný
Bo Baltzer Nielsen
Casper Høygård
Ejnar Larsen
Michael Rundager
Rasmus Rothman-Pedersen
Ricki Clausen
Rikke Justesen
Søren Ravn Larsen
Tania Presutti
Adam Virgo
Andrew Castle
Andrew Coley
Andrew Smith
Andy Bodfish
Angus Torode
Bobby George
Colin Murray
Dan O'Hagan
Dave Farrar
David Stowell
Elliot Richardson
Emily Sarsfield
Ian Scott
James Richardson
James Parrack
Jimmy White
Jo Durie
Joe Johnson
John Gwynne
John Hindhaugh
Mark Wildman
Martin Haven
Matt Roberts
Matt Smith
Matthew Syed
Mike Dixon
Mike Hallett
Neal Foulds
Olly Hogben
Paul Bray
Peter Odgers
Peter Churchill
Robert Hatch
Robbie Nock
Ronnie O'Sullivan
Russell Osman
Sara Rust
Scott Mitchell
Simon Golding
Simon Reed
Steve Beaton
Stewart Robson
Tim Caple
Tim Hutchings
Tim Peters
Tom Gaymor
Tony O'Shea
Trevor Harris
Wayne Boyce
Will Vanders
Petri Martinez
Simo Halmevuo
Velimatti Sutela
Abdelatif Benazzi
Alain Boghossian
Alban Préaubert
Alexandre Pasteur
Amélie Mauresmo
Andreas Evagora
Benoît Daniel
Bertrand Milliard
Carine Galli
Cécile Grès
Charles Henri-Odin
Chàrlene Bourlon
Christophe Malbranque
Christophe Moreau
Franck Lagorce
Frank Lebœuf
Frédéric Verdier
Giles Della Posta
Jacky Durand
Julien Plazanet
Lionel Rosso
Margot Laffite
Nicolas Babayou
Nicolas Delage
Olivier Canton
Olivier Dacourt
Olivier Panis
Pascal Iglicki
Richard Virenque
Samuel Pagal
Sonia Carneiro
Steve Savidan
Stéphane Goubert
Thierry Lacroix
Thomas Bihel
Andreas Jörger
Andreas Schulz
Christian Burns
Dirk Thiele
Gerhard Leinauer
Harry Weber
Jan Lüdeke
Karsten Migels
Marco Hagemann
Matthias Stach
Norbert Ockenga
Oliver Faßnacht
Ron Ringguth
Sigi Heinrich
Ulrich Jansch
Ioannis Katsaros
Makis Kolethras
Periklis Makris
Tassos Varvatos
Ferenc Várhegyi
Gérgely Németh
Róbert Opál
Sean Kelly
Andrea Campagna
Andrea Distaso
Claudia Morandini
Dario Puppo
Fabio Fava
Federico Zanon
Gianluca Prudenti
Gianni Ocleppo
Maurizio Cavalli
Maurizio Trezzi
Riccardo Magrini
Salvatore Aiello
Stefania Bianchini
Alain de la Mar
Esmee Van Vugt
Frank Balvers
Frank Weeink
Fred Royers
Marjolein Vos-Monsieurs
Robbert Reimering
Samantha Van Wijk
Sander Schrik
Thijs Niet
Bryan Hamilton
Christer Francke
Håkon Bjercke
Henrik Bjørnstad
Per Haugsrud
Petter Bø Tosterud
Sondre Edvardsen
Adam Kotzletsa
Adam Małysz
Adam Probosz
Adam Widomski
Andrzej Janisz
Andrzej Juskowiak
Andrzej Mielczarek
Asia Tokarska
Daniel Dziubicki
Dariusz Urbanowicz
Edward Durda
Grzegorz Gac
Kacper Merk
Krzysztof Srogosz
Kuba Ostrowski
Łukasz Przybyłowicz
Maciej Murawski
Mateusz Adamiak
Mateusz Borek
Mateusz Kalina
Michał Zawacki
Paweł Rozmianiec
Piotr Zwierchowski
Radosław Gilewicz
Rafał Sak
Tomasz Hajto
Tomasz Kłos
Tomasz Lach
António Félix da Costa
António Frutuoso de Melo
Bernardo Mota
Carlos Ramjanali
David Alvito
David Francisco
Gonçalo Moreira
Hélder Silva
Hugo Ribeiro
João Araújo
João Azevedo
João Cardoso
João Carlos Costa
José Manuel Castro Martins
Luís Cáceres Monteiro
Luís Carlos Sousa
Luís Cristóvão
Luís Piçarra
Miguel Seabra
Nuno Santos
Paulo Araújo
Paulo Cunha
Pedro Keul
Pedro Nascimento
Tiago Girão
Tiago Monteiro
Vasco Simões
Vítor Sousa
Alex Ganci
Cristi Petre
Laurentiu Mandu
Teo Avramescu
Nikolay Saprin
Sergey Kurdyukov
Stanislav Golovanov
Vladimir Sinitsyn
Alan McManus
Brian Smith
Jeremy Klayman
Aleksandar Babić
Boris Bugarcić
Damir Čeronja
Duško Milanović
Frew McMillan
Agustín Castellote
Agustín Galan
Alex Corretja
Antonio Alix
Antonio Arenas
Álvaro Benito
Álvaro Rama
Chema de Lucas
Conchita Martínez
Emilio Marquiegui
Fernando Gómez Sáez
Fernando Murciego
Fernando Navarro Montoya
Fernando Ruiz
Javier Rubio
Jordi Arrese
José Manuel Díaz
José Manuel Tallada
Juan Antonio Flecha
Laura Meseguer
Lola Hernández
Manuel Poyán
Miguel Ángel Méndez
Paco Trapero
Pepe Laso
Rubén Fernández
Rubén Uría
Santi Ayala
Vanessa Guerra
Cecilia Willberg
Isabel Boltenstern
Jakob Tornell
Kasra Ashami
Magnus Bäckstedt
Marit Nybelius
Mats Wilander
Peter Forsberg
Ronny Lindqvist
Ali Kırçıl
Başak Ünalan
Berkem Ceylan
Birol Topuz
Can Önduygu
Caner Eler
Dağhan Irak
Emir İncegül
Emre Yazıcıol
Ercan Şirin
Erman Yaşar
İbrahim Koçyiğit
İnan Özdemir
İzge Can Günal
Kadir Karavanöz
Onur Salman
Ozan Sülüm
Rahman Dilber
Servet Can Demirel
Şevket Furkan Erbay
Uğur Ozan Sulak
Ulaş Bayram
Umut Işık
Uygar Karaca
Yiğit Alpman
Yiğit Top
Yücel Tuğan
Chris Evert
Greg Lemond
John McEnroe
Peter Fleming
David Mercer
Being an international channel, Eurosport's performance differs significantly between different countries. The figures below show the channel's share of overall viewing in some countries.
Country | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bulgaria | 0.5% | 0.6%[19] | |||||||||
Finland (10+) | 0.6%[20] | 0.7%[21] | 0.7%[22] | 1.0%[23] | |||||||
France | 1.9%[24] | 1.4%[25] | 1.6%[25] | 1.4%[26] | 0.6% | ||||||
Italy | 0.0%[27] | ||||||||||
Germany (3+) | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.9%[28] | 0.7% | |||||||
Netherlands (6+) | 0.8%[29] | 0.8%[30] | 0.9%[31] | 0.9%[32] | 0.9%[33] | 0.9%[34] | 0.8%[35] | 0.8%[36] | 0.9%[37] | 0.9%[38] | 0.7%[39] |
Poland (4+) | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.6% | 0.8% | ||||||
Romania (4+) | 0.7%[40] | ||||||||||
Sweden (3-99) | 1.6% | 1.4% | 0.9% | 0.6%[41] | |||||||
United Kingdom | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.2% |
Logos
From 1989, for this television network, there are five different logos. The first logo of the network was used from 1989 to 1994, the second logo was used from 1994 to 2001, the third logo was used from 2001 to 2011, the fourth logo was in use from 2011 to 2015, and the fifth logo was used from 2015 to the present.
See also
Press release
References
- ^ a b "TF1 & Discovery Communications finalise agreement and move forward to build three-tier strategic alliance across Eurosport, four payTV channels and production" (Press release). TF1 Group. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
- ^ "Discovery Communications to acquire TF1 Group's Controlling interest in Top Sports platform Eurosport" (Press release). Discovery Communications. 21 January 2014.
- ^ http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2015/07/22/discovery-to-take-full-control-of-eurosport/
- ^ "Eurosport wins Olympic TV rights for Europe". BBC. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ "IOC awards all TV and multiplatform broadcast rights in Europe to Discovery and Eurosport for 2018-2024 Olympic Games" (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ "Fórmula 1 vai correr no Eurosport". Diário Económico (in Portuguese). 29 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ^ a b Laughlin, Andrew (31 March 2011). "Eurosport gets emotional with rebrand". Digital Spy. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
- ^ [1]
- ^ "Blood, sweat and tears". Marketing Week. 31 March 2011.
- ^ a b Les télécréateurs. Lestelecreateurs.com (12 December 2012). Retrieved on 23 August 2013.
- ^ "Discovery unveils new Eurosport brand identity". BroadbandTVNews.com. 12 November 2015.
- ^ Knox, David (29 September 2009). "Foxtel: "Watch what you want, when & where you want"". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
- ^ Knox, David (3 November 2014). "BoxSets, Discovery Kids launch on Foxtel.". TV Tonight. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
- ^ "More than a road digger?". Broadcastnow. 21 March 2001.
- ^ "British Eurosport launches HD channels". Yahoo! Eurosport UK. 3 July 2012.
- ^ "Sky to broadcast Eurosport's 3D Olympics coverage". Digital Spy. 5 April 2012.
- ^ "Eurosport to serve 3D tennis across the continent". Broadband TV News. 15 April 2010.
- ^ "Eurosport goes 3D on Astra". Broadband TV News. 5 June 2012.
- ^ Ekip News. Ekip News. Retrieved on 23 August 2013.
- ^ http://www.finnpanel.fi/lataukset/tv_vuosi_2007.pdf
- ^ http://www.finnpanel.fi/lataukset/tv_vuosi_2008.pdf
- ^ http://www.finnpanel.fi/lataukset/tv_vuosi_2010.pdf
- ^ http://www.finnpanel.fi/lataukset/tv_vuosi_2012.pdf
- ^ "Eurosport Displaces Rtl9 As France Fave". Auditel.
- ^ a b "France: Eurosport tops cabsat ratings". rapidtvnews.com.
- ^ "TF1 Group". bouygues.com.
- ^ "Rapporto ANNO 2008". Auditel.
- ^ AGF - TV-Daten - TV-Markt - Marktanteile. Agf.de. Retrieved on 23 August 2013.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2003" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 2004. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2004" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 2005. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2005" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 2006. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2006" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 11 January 2007. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2007" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 11 January 2008. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2008" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 19 January 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2009" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2010" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 18 January 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2011" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 18 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2012" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 7 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ "Jaarrapport 2013" (PDF). SKO Jaarrapporten (in Dutch). Stichting Kijkonderzoek. 20 January 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
- ^ Source: GfK Romania S.R.L., Copyright: ARMADATA S.R.L. "Audientele statiilor TV membre ARMA". ARMA.
- ^ "Årsrapport 2011" (PDF). Mediamätning i Skandinavien.
External links
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