Giuseppe Rosaroll | |
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Giuseppe Rosaroll
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Born | 16 September 1775 Naples |
Died | 2 December 1825 (aged 50) Nafplion |
Occupation | Italian general |
Giuseppe Maria Rosaroll-Scorza (Naples, 16 September 1775 – Nauplia, 2 December 1825) was an Italian essayist and a General in the Army of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. He was also the father of the Italian Cesare Rosaroll.
Biography
Born in Naples from a family of Swiss origin, he entered as a cadet in the Neapolitan Army in 1793. In 1799 he joined the Parthenopaean Republic and was appointed as a captain. Captured by the Sanfedisti and condemned to death, he escaped to France before re-entering Italy with Napoleon Bonaparte serving in the Italian region.
Rosaroll fought in the Battle of Marengo, later joining the Army of the Cisalpine Republic. In Milan he wrote his treatise on the art of fencing,La scienza della scherma.[1]
He returned to Naples with General Masséna in 1806. As a reward for his brave conduct in the campaign of Sicily of 1811 with Joachim Murat, in 1812 he was promoted to the rank of Maréchal de camp and was created Baron of the Empire. Again with General Murat he participated in the Russian campaign.
After the Restoration (1815) Rosaroll received the command of a brigade and then of the division of Messina from king Ferdinand of Bourbon. In this period he wrote numerous treatise on military techniques.
As commander of Messina in March 1821 he tried to organize the military forces of the Two Sicilies stationed in Sicily and Calabria for an extreme resistance against the Austrians entering the Kingdom in order to repress the Constitutional Revolt of 1820.
In order to escape his death sentence for this act (sentence of 27 February 1823), he fled to Spain where he joined the ranks of the liberal constitutionalist forces from 1822–23. When, in the spring of the 1823, the Spanish revolution was put down by the intervention of the forces of the French Army, general Rosaroll moved again, first to England and then to Greece in order to help the Greeks in the fight for their independence. According to modern Greek historian T. Gerozisis, which is based on the testimony of participants in the revolution and later historians Romas, Fotakos and Hrisantopulos, the old acquaintance and friend of Rosaroll from Zante Theodoros Kolokotronis intended to make him commander of ground forces. But before the interim government enacted this, Rosaroll died of typhus in Nafplion.[2] [3]
His son César died fighting in a battle at Venice in 1849.
Historian of fencing Jacopo Gelli considered Rosaroll and Pietro Grisetti as the re-generators of the true "Scuola Napoletana" of fencing, both were students of Tommaso Bosco e Fucile who was a Maestro of fencing in Naples.[citation needed]
Bibliography
- Giuseppe Rosaroll Scorza, "La scienza della scherma esposta dai due amici il barone Rosaroll Scorza commendatore dell'ordine reale delle Due Sicilie, maresciallo di campo ecc. e Pietro Grisetti capo di battaglione del I.mo reggimento dell'artiglieria". Napoli : nella Stamperia Reale, 1814
- Giuseppe Rosaroll Scorza, "Scherma della bajonetta astata. Del barone Rosaroll Scorza, commendatore dell'ordine reale delle Due Sicilie, maresciallo di campo ecc.". Napoli : dalla stamperie de' fratelli Fernandes, strada ponte di Tappia, n. 18, 1818
- Giuseppe Rosaroll Scorza, "Trattato della Spadancia, o sia della Spada Larga". Napoli : stamperia fratelli Fernandes, 1818
Sources
- Jacopo Gelli: "Bibliografia Generale della Scherma con Note Critiche, Biografiche e Storiche", pagine 170, Tipografia Editrice di Luigi Niccolai, Firenze 1890.
Footnotes
- ^ Giuseppe Rosaroll Scorza e Pietro Grisetti, La scienza della scherma, Milano : Nella stamperia del Giornale Italico, 1803 [1]
- ^ [Τριαντάφυλλος Γεροζήσης, Το Σώμα των αξιωματικών και η θέση του στην σύγχρονη Ελληνική κοινωνία, 1821–1975, σελ.18, ISBN 960-248-794-1]
- ^ http://books.google.gr/books?hl=el&id=NphFnF2RRKUC&q=rossaroll+disease+#v=snippet&q=rossaroll%20disease&f=false
See also
Italian school of swordsmanship