Proto-fascism refers to the direct predecessor ideologies that influenced and formed the basis of fascism.[1][2] A prominent proto-fascist figure is Gabriele d'Annunzio, the Italian nationalist whose politics influenced Benito Mussolini and Italian Fascism.[3] Proto-fascist political movements include the Italian Nationalist Association (ANI), the German National Association of Commercial Employees (DHV), and the German National People's Party (DNVP).[4]
References
- ^ Barbara Spackman. Fascist virilities: rhetoric, ideology, and social fantasy in Italy. Pp. 78.
- ^ Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge. Pp. 94.
- ^ Barbara Spackman. Fascist virilities: rhetoric, ideology, and social fantasy in Italy. Pp. 78.
- ^ Peter Davies, Derek Lynch. The Routledge companion to fascism and the far right. London, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge. Pp. 94.