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Since India gained independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress (INC) has seen a steady number of splits and breakaway factions. Some of the breakaway organisations have thrived as independent parties, some have become defunct, while others have merged with the parent party or other political parties.
List of breakaway parties
References
- ^ Ghosh, Asok (ed.), A Short History of the All India Forward Bloc. Kolkata: Bengal Lokmat Printers Pvt Ltd., 2001. p. 55
- ^ Amit Mukherjee (2004-04-03). "The case of the missing socialists". Times of India. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ Bose, K.; Forward Bloc. Madras: 1988, Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science. p. 94-95, 119, 175-184, 212
- ^ Rajmohan Gandhi. "'Its tone being liberal as well as conservative, Swatantra reached out to moderate Hindus and non-Hindus in ways not available to the Jan Sangh'". Rediff. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ "P. T. Chacko, Pullolil".
- ^ Sanghvi, Vijay (2006). The Congress, Indira to Sonia Gandh. New Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. p. 77. ISBN 81-7835-340-7.
- ^ Mukharjee, Aditya. "Congress and the Making of the Indian Nation". Academic Foundation, New Delhi. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- ^ Wallace, Paul. India: The Dispersion of Political Power Paul Wallace, in Asian Survey, Vol. 8, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1967: Part II. (Feb., 1968), pp. 87-96.
- ^ Ksh Kennedy Singh (2009-01-25). "The MPP and the People of Manipur". Manipuronline.com. Retrieved 2009-10-25.[dead link]
- ^ Chandra, Bipan & others (2000). India after Independence 1947-2000, New Delhi:Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-027825-7, p.236
- ^ G. G. Mirchandani (2003). 320 Million Judges. Abhinav Publications. pp. 90–100. ISBN 81-7017-061-3.
- ^ a b c d Andersen, Walter K.. India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension, published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135
- ^ "Spotlight: Merger with NCP". The Tribune. 1999-06-11. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ Ashok Kumar (2006-04-05). "From MGR to Vijaykant, the film-politics nexus continues". Chennai, India: The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ Bhavdeep Kang (2004-04-03). "A Sleight Of Hand". Outlook India. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ T.S. Subramanian (2001-09-15). "Crusading Congressman". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ "MEMBERS OF XII LOK SABHA". Parliament of India. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
- ^ "Pune set for triangular fight". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2004-04-05. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
- ^ "Karunakaran's party gets new name". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2005-09-01. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
- ^ Kalyan Chaudhuri (2002-02-02). "A fractured verdict in Manipur". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-10-27.