Dhanbad धनबाद,دھنباد |
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Metropolitan City | |
From top clockwise: Dhanbad Railway Station, Golchakkar, Bank more (both)
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Nickname(s): 'The Coal Capital of India' | |
Location of Dhanbad in Jharkhand | |
Coordinates: 23°48′N 86°27′E / 23.8°N 86.45°ECoordinates: 23°48′N 86°27′E / 23.8°N 86.45°E | |
Country | India |
State | Jharkhand |
District | Dhanbad |
Area | |
• Total | 2,052 km2 (792 sq mi) |
Elevation | 222 m (728 ft) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 1,195,298 |
• Rank | 33rd |
• Density | 1,284/km2 (3,330/sq mi) |
Languages | |
• Official | Hindi, Urdu |
Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
PIN | 826001 |
Telephone code | +91-326 |
Vehicle registration | JH 10 |
Website | www |
Dhanbad is a city in the Indian state of Jharkhand, India.[1] It is the most populated city in Jharkhand.[2] Dhanbad along with its urban areas population ranks 33rd in population amongst other cities in India.
Dhanbad is famous for its coal mining and has some of the largest mines in India. Tata Steel, Bharat Coking Coal (BCCL), ECL and IISCO (Indian Iron And Steel Company) are some of the companies having coal mines in the district. The Indian School of Mines is located in Dhanbad. Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway, Dhanbad Rail Division is the second largest in terms of revenue generation after the Mumbai division.[3]
There are records of settlements in the area from the 7th century. In the modern era, Dhanbad was originally in Dhanbad district before becoming part of Manbhum of Bihar before finally becoming part of Jharkhand state in 2000.
The city has one parliamentary seat and six seats in the Legislative Assembly.
Contents
Etymology
Originally the name of Dhanbad was Dhanbaid which seems to have been derived from the word Dhan (paddy) and baid, i.e., the paddy land. However, some claim that the name 'Dhanbad' is derived from "Dhan (धन) + Abad (आबाद)" meaning prospered with wealth. The Dhanbad originated from the district of Manbhum occupied by Mundari or Kolarian races in the wilderness of South undivided Bihar. In the seventh century A.D. some information is available from the account of the travels of Hieun Tsang. These accounts narrate existence of a powerful kingdom which comprised the district and adjoining areas, ruled by Sasanka.[4]
Geography and climate
Dhanbad | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Dhanbad has an average elevation of 227 m (745 ft). Its geographical length (extending from north to south) is 15 miles (24 km) and the breadth (stretching across east to West) is 10 miles (16 km). It shares its boundaries with West Bengal in the eastern and southern part, Dumka and Giridih in the North and Bokaro in the west. Dhanbad comes under the Chota Nagpur Plateau.
Dhanbad features climate that is transitional between a humid subtropical climate and a tropical wet and dry climate. Summer starts from last week of March and ends in mid-June. Peak temperature in summer can reach 48 °C. Dhanbad also receives heavy rainfall. In winter, the minimum temperature remains around 10 °C with a maximum of 22 °C. Damodar River is the main river flowing through the district. Katri, Jamunia, Gobai, Khudia and Irji are the other rivers flowing through the district.
Climate data for Dhanbad | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 25 (77) |
28 (82) |
33 (91) |
38 (100) |
39 (102) |
35 (95) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
31 (88) |
28 (82) |
25 (77) |
31.3 (88.2) |
Average low °C (°F) | 11 (52) |
14 (57) |
18 (64) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
25 (77) |
24 (75) |
24 (75) |
23 (73) |
20 (68) |
16 (61) |
11 (52) |
19.5 (67) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 17 (0.67) |
18 (0.71) |
18 (0.71) |
22 (0.87) |
49 (1.93) |
192 (7.56) |
342 (13.46) |
311 (12.24) |
282 (11.1) |
105 (4.13) |
7 (0.28) |
5 (0.2) |
1,368 (53.86) |
Source: IMD |
History
The present district used to be a part of Manbhum. In the Settlement Report for Manbhum (1928) it was stated that no rock inscriptions, copper plates or old coins were discovered and not a single document of copper plate or palm leaf was found, during the Survey and Settlement operations. The oldest authentic documents produced were all on paper and barely even a hundred years old.[5] Dhanbad was in Manbhum district from 1928 up to 1956.[5] However, on 24 October 1956, Dhanbad was declared a District on the Recommendation of the States Reorganization Commission vide notification 1911. This was done under the strong commitment and leadership from a renowned journalist Mr. Satish Chandra. In the year 2006, Dhanbad celebrated 50 years of being an independent District. From 1956 to 14 November 2000 it was under Bihar. At present it is in Jharkhand, after the creation of state on 15 November 2000.[6]
Govindpur Block was a historical place before 1908, this was Anumandal office during British Empire.[clarification needed]
Demography
As of 2011 India provisional census[7] Dhanbad had a population of 1,195,298. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. It has a sex ratio of 908. Dhanbad has an average literacy rate of 80.78%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 87.93% and female literacy is 72.69%.[8] In Dhanbad, 10.57% of the population is under 5 years of age.
Civic administration
Dhanbad is the headquarters of the district and also the headquarters of DMC (Dhanbad Municipal Corporation). DMC was formed as per the State Government Notification dated 1/02/06 with merger of areas Jharia NAC, Sindri, NAC, Chhatandih NAC, Katras NAC. Dhanbad city elects one Member of Parliament. Also some part of the district comes under Giridih seat of Lok Sabha. There are six Legislative Assembly seat; they are Sindri, Baghmara, Dhanbad, Jharia, Nirsa, Tundi.
Dhanbad has District court and Labour Court-Industrial tribunal. Along with Mumbai, Dhanbad is the only city having two Labour Court-Industrial tribunals. Mineral Area Development Authority (MADA) looks after the development of the district.
Economy
Dhanbad is the largest city by population and second largest urban agglomeration in Jharkhand after Jamshedpur.[9]
Dhanbad is famous for its coal mines and industrial establishments, it has 112 coal mines[10] with a total produce of 27.5 million tonnes and an annual income of 7000 million Rupees through coal business. There are also number of coal washeries present there. The city is also known for its power generation plants. Hydro Power is being generated at Maithon and Panchet. Tata Power and Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) are setting up a 1050 MW thermal power plant at Maithon. ONGC is using CBM (Coal beded methane) for power generation at some areas.
Banks
Dhanbad has bank branches of all the major Public and Private sector banks in India. Some of the notable names are State Bank of India, HDFC Bank and Axis Bank.,[11] Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd, Induslnd Bank, Yes Bank, Karnataka Bank Ltd, The Federal Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, etc.
Government and PSU organizations
Bharat Coking Coal Limited - BCCL is a Public Sector Undertaking (subsidiary of Coal India Ltd.) engaged in mining of coal and allied activities. BCCL meets almost 50% of the total prime coking coal requirement of the integrated steel sector. BCCL was incorporated in January, 1972 to operate coking coal mines operating in the Jharia & Raniganj Coalfields, taken over by the Govt. of India on 16 October 1971 to ensure planned development of the scarce coking coal resources in the country. The Directorate General of Mines Safety is the Indian government regulatory agency for safety in mines and oil-fields.[12]
- CIMFR, Barwa Road Campus- CMRI, the Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR) Dhanbad, is a constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) was aimed to provide R&D inputs for the entire coal-energy chain from mining to Consumption through integration of the Core Competencies of the two (CFRI & CMRI) premier coal institution of the country.[13]
- CIMFR, Digwadih Campu. Erstwhile CFRI.[14]
- CMPF - Coal Mines Provident Fund Organization.[15]
- FCI - Fertilizer Corporation of India, located at Sindri was established in 1952 and was inaugurated by the then Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. The corporation is closed by the government of India in Jun 2001 on account of being run in loss for a long time. However, the Government is now in the process of start it again by the help of SAIL.
- CCWO - Central Coal Washery organization, unit of BCCL is situated at Saraidhela. which looks after the works of all coal washeries of Bharat Coking Coal Limited.
- CCSO - Central Coal Supply Organization (CCSO), a unit of SAIL, is situated in Saraidhela, Dhanbad District of Jharkhand and has branch offices at Kolkata, Asansol, Adra and Bilaspur.
Central Coal Supply Organization looks after the daily movement of indigenous washed coking coal and boiler coal to SAIL steel plants; BSP, RSP, DSP, BSL and ISP.
- BEML - BEML Limited (formerly Bharat Earth Movers Limited) was established in May 1964 as a Public Sector Undertaking for manufacture of Rail Coaches & Spare Parts and Mining Equipment. At Dhanbad it has its marketing unit near Kola Kusma, Saraidhela.
Education
Universities and colleges
The Indian School of Mines, was started by the British in 1926 is located in Dhanbad. ISM is one of the leading technical institute of India. In ISM, students get admission through IIT-JEE. The earth science branches include mining, geology, geophysics, petroleum, mineral and environmental engineering. ISM also have other core engineering branches such as mechanical, electrical, electronics, computer science, civil and chemical engineering. The Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley, during his budget speech in Parliament on 28 February 2015, said that he proposes to upgrade ISM Dhanbad into a full-fledged IIT
Birsa Institute of Technology, Sindri is a government engineering college in Jharkhand. The institute is controlled administratively by the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of Jharkhand, Ranchi and academically it is affiliated to Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag for conducting examinations and awarding degrees. The college today offers B.Tech courses in 10 disciplines of engineering namely Mechanical, Electrical, Metallurgy, Production, Chemical, Electronics & Communications, Civil, Mining, Computer Science, Information technology, having NBA accreditation.
Law College of Dhanbad[16] was established in 1976. The College is permanently affiliated to Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Hazaribag and is recognized by Bar Council of India, New Delhi. It conducts bachelor's degree in Law (LL.B.) three year LL.B. Course. Law College Dhanbad is situated at Hirapur - Damodarpur Road The College Campus covers an area of 3 acres.
Notable schools
- DAV Public School, Koyla Nagar /Moonidih/Alkusa/Putki/ Mahuda/Baniahir (Lodna)/Barora/Dari Muhalla/CFRI (Digwadih)/Lodna/Moonidih/Purana/Sijua/Kusunda
- Tata D.A.V School, Jamadoba
- Delhi Public School, Dhanbad
- Carmel School Digwadih
- De Nobili School, FRI
Transport
Rail
Dhanbad has a very good rail connectivity with the other major parts of the country such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bhagalpur, Munger, Gaya, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Kochi, Indore, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Bhubaneswar, Visakhapatnam Jodhpur, Nagpur, Pune, Guwahati etc.
Dhanbad Rail Division comes under East Central Railway zone. Grand Chord rail-line passes through Dhanbad junction, it connects Howrah and New Delhi. CIC rail line starts from Dhanbad and ends at Singrauli in Madhya Pradesh. There is one more rail line passing through the district, it starts at Kharagpur and ends at Gomoh, this rail line comes under South Eastern Railway. Dhanbad is connected with almost all states through rail network. Each and every train through this has a stop at Dhanbad, other than the Sealdah New Delhi & Howrah New Delhi Duronto Exp, which also has a Technical Halt, but not to be used for Commercial Purposes.
On 1 October 2011, India's first AC double-decker train was flagged off to connect Howrah and Dhanbad. With this India joins the league of Europe and North America that run multi-deck trains. As on October 2011, the train runs daily except Sunday, departing from Howrah at 8:30 am to arrive at Dhanbad at 12:45 pm, and on return trip it departs Dhanbad at 6:30 pm to arrive at Howrah at 10:40 pm. It has a maximum permissible speed of 110 kilometres (68 mi)/hr with stops at Bardhaman, Durgapur, Asansol, Barakar and Kumardhubi on both legs of the route. This new AC design has several features namely stainless steel body, high-speed Eurofima design bogies with air springs and other safety-features. The coaches have a control discharge toilet system.[17][18][19][20]
Roads
National Highway 2 and National Highway 32 are the major highways passing through Dhanbad.[21] NH 2 is part of Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway network; Dhanbad lies in Kolkata-Delhi link of the Golden Quadrilateral network.[22] NH2 is being converted into six lane expressway; NH 32 connects Dhanbad to Bokaro-Jamshedpur.[22]
Private and State buses are available for inter-city traveling.[22]
Air
Dhanbad Airport is used for private small aircraft and helicopters, currently there is no public air-link at the airport. The nearest public airports to Dhanbad are[23]
- Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport, Asansol-Durgapur 85 kilometres (53 mi)
- Birsa Munda Airport, Ranchi 140 kilometres (87 mi)
- Gaya Airport 207 kilometres (129 mi)
- Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata 269 kilometres (167 mi)
- Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Patna 271 kilometres (168 mi)
Politics
Raj Sinha of BJP won in the 40 Dhanbad assembly constituency defeating Mannan Malick of Congress in 2014.[24] Pashupati Nath Singh of BJP defeated Mannan Mallik of Congress in 2005, Prasadi Sao of RJD in 2000, and Ramadhar Yadav of JD in 1995. Surendra Prasad Roy of Congress defeated S.K. Shriva of JD in 1990 and Ram Chander Singh of Janata Party in 1985. Yogeshwar Prasad Yogesh of Congress defeated Gopi Kant Bakshi of CPI(M) in 1980 and Kalawati Devi of Janata Party.[25][26]
Dhanbad assembly constituency is part of Dhanbad (Lok Sabha constituency).[27]
Media
Hindi newspapers are mainly published from the city, among them Hindustan Dainik is the most popular, followed by Prabhat Khabar, Dainik Jagran and Dainik Bhaskar. "Dhanbad Bokaro Live" is published from Dhanbad.
Doordarshan relay station is present in Dhanbad near Koyla Nagar. There are some local news channels in the city such as, Antarkatha which are creative media houses which broadcast on local cable on Dhanbad, Jharia, Bokaro, Chatra, Hazaribag, Kodrma, Ramgarh etc. This News Channel makes some artists which popular in all India and makes some short film documentaries and other programs which are popular. And other some creative youth is active in this channel.Shorty this news channel is going to be regional..and connecting with popular Fm Radio channels..
FM radio is available as Vividh Bharti Service of All India Radio at 101.8 MHz.
Sports
Cricket is the most popular sport in Dhanbad, followed by Football. Dhanbad is one of the centres where 34th National Games[28] was organized. Cricket Stadiums at present are at Tata Steel Stadium Digwadih, Nehru Stadium Jealgora and Railway Stadium where Ranji Trophy matches are organised. Women's International Cricket were also played at Railway Stadium. Football matches of national level were played at Railway Stadium but now it is converted into Cricket Stadium by the Railway management and Sijua Stadium.
Tourist attractions
- Maithon – The Lake at Maithon is spread across an area of 65 km2. Boating is available here. A Bird Sanctuary and Deer park are also nearby. From Dhanbad Railway Station, the distance is 45 km. This is the most popular picnic spot. During 15 December to 20 January lacs of people come for picnic.
- Kalyaneshwari temple – This temple of Maa Kalyaneshwari is very close to Maithon near Left bank.
- Ram Mandir -One of the famous Temple in the main city of Dhanbad. Idols of Maa Durga( Maa Bheemeshwari devi) & Ram Parivar attracts huge crowd.
- Topchanchi Lake – This lake is a very famous Picnic spot. Situated at Golden quadrilateral, 37 km from Dhanbad railway station. This lake is surrounded by green hills of Parasnath and forest.
- Bhatinda Falls – The Waterfall is near Moonidih, 14 km from Dhanbad railway station. Surrounded by greenery, this place draws lot of crowd specially in winter.
- Shakti Mandir – This is one of the most famous Hindu Temple in Dhanbad. It is situated in the main city. Temple of Goddess Durga draws large crowd throughout the year.
- Panchet Dam – Around 54 km from Dhanbad Railway station is a popular picnic spot.
Rivers
The Damodar is the most important river of the Chotanagpur plateau. It rises in Palamu and flows eastward between the plateaus of Ranchi and Hazaribag. It is joined by the Bokaro, the Konar and the Barakar rivers. The Damodar enters Dhanbad district at its confluence with the Jamuria, a stream which marks the western boundary of Dhanbad with Hazaribagh District. Further east, the Damodar is joined by the Katri River which rises in the foot hills below Parasnath and traverses through the Coal-field Area. The Damodar flows for about 77 km. through the district being joined by the Barakar at its eastern border near Chirkunda. The Panchet dam extending to roughly 6 km is built on river Damodar. The hydal station there generates 40,000 K.W. per hour (sicsic).
The Barakar, which forms the northern boundary of the district, traverses about 77 km. In the district. It flows in south westerly direction up to Durgapur and then south till it joins the Damodar near Chirkuda. The Maithon dam is located on this river about 13 km off its confluence with the Damodar. Attached to it is the Maithan Power Station with a generating capacity of 60,000 K.W.H.
Among other small rivers in the district are Gobai, the Ijri, and the Khudia besides the river Katri.
Festivals
Dhanbad is home to people from all across India. Charak Puja, Karma puja, Sarhul, Vishwakarma Puja, Saraswati Puja, Durga Puja, Chhath, Deepawali, Holi, Guru Purnima, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Muharram and Christmas are among the long list of festivals celebrated in Dhanbad.
Notable people
- Meiyang Chаng ,Bollywood actor
- Meenakshi Seshadri , Bollywood Actress
- Yogeeta Bali , Bollywood Actress
- Zeishan Quadri , Bollywood Actor,Film Maker
References
- ^ Eleven Indian cities among 100 fastest growing cities in the world. Merinews.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-14.
- ^ Census- Jharkhand
- ^ "Dhanbad Rail Division OVERVIEW". The Telegraph (Calcutta, India). 4 April 2012. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
- ^ "DHANBAD DISTRICT https://www.facebook.com/coalcity OVERVIEW". Retrieved 6 October 2011.
- ^ a b Dhanbad Introduction/Jharkhand-Dhanbad Sightseeing-Dhanbad Jharkhand Transport-Places of Interest in Dhanbad. Indiatravelite.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-14.
- ^ BIHAR REORGANISATION ACT,2000
- ^ "Jharkhand Provisional Result-Census 2011" (PDF). Censusindia,gov,in. Census India. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
- ^ Provisional 2011 Results. censusindia.gov.in
- ^ Census 2011
- ^ LIST OF COAL MINES IN DHANBAD. dhanbad.nic.in
- ^ "Find IFSC Code of Banks in null". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ http://www.dgms.gov.in/ Directorate General of Mines Safety
- ^ http://www.cmriindia.nic.in/ CIMFR
- ^ http://www.cfriindia.nic.in/ CIMFR, Digwadih Campus
- ^ http://www.cmpfo.gov.in/ Coal Mines Provident Fund Organization
- ^ "Welcome to Law College Dhanbad". Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "Double-decker train to run from howrah". Deccan Chronicle. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
|first1=
missing|last1=
in Authors list (help) - ^ Kanwar, Disha (2 October 2011). "First AC double-decker train flagged off from Bengal". Business Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ "India's first AC double-decker train flagged off". Videos News (The Times of India). Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ "Double decker train frequency increased". Business Line. 2 January 2012.
- ^ National Highways and their Length National Highway Authority of India (NHAI)
- ^ a b c The Public Website of Dhanbad (Black Diamond City of India). dhanbad.jharkhand.org.in. Retrieved on 2015-08-15.
- ^ "Dhanbad Railway Station". onefivenine.com. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
- ^ "Jharkhand State Election Results 2009". Travel India Guide. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
- ^ "State Elections 2006 – Partywise Comparison for 40-Dhanbad assembly constituency of Jharkhand". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
- ^ "State Elections 2006 – Partywise Comparison for 40-Dhanbad assembly constituency of Jharkhand". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
- ^ "Dhanbad Loksabha Constituency (Jharkhand)". India Study Channel.com. Retrieved 2010-04-09.
- ^ COMPUTER Ed. "Official website for the 34th National Games 2009, Jharkhand - Ranchi - Jamshedpur - Dhanbad - India". Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
External links
- Website of the city of Dhanbad
- Dhanbad travel guide from Wikivoyage
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