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Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther. Luther's efforts to reestablish the theology and practice of the Roman Catholic Church and Carlstadt's Reform movement, launched the Protestant Reformation and, though it was not Luther's original intention, left Western Christianity divided. Augsburg Confession of 1530 established the Lutheran Church; while the 19th Ecumenical Council of Trent of 1543 officially chartered the Roman Catholic Church through the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. Prior to 1543, Catholics belonged to the old Western Catholic Church from which Martin Luther was an ordained Augustinian monk.
The split between Lutherans and Roman Catholics arose mainly over the doctrine of justification before God. Specifically, Lutheranism advocates a doctrine of justification "by grace alone through faith alone because of Christ alone," distinct from the Roman Catholic view of works in addition to faith. Lutheranism is also distinct from the Reformed Churches, another major church which arose during the Reformation. Unlike the Reformed Churches, Lutherans have retained many of the sacramental understandings and liturgical practices of the "Old Catholics". Lutheran theology differs considerably from Reformed theology in its understanding of divine grace, predestination, baptism, sacraments of the altar and to eternity after death.
Today, millions belong to Lutheran churches worldwide; furthermore, the world's 400 million Protestant Christians can trace their tradition, at least in part, back to Luther's reforming work.
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Did you know...?
- ...that the Magdeburg Centuries is a 1300-year history of the Catholic Church, written particularly as a criticism of the papacy?
- ...that the history of the Lutheran Church in Malaysia and Singapore dates back to the arrival of Lutheran Hakka refugees following the Taiping Rebellion in China?
- ...that the Lutheran Church of China was created from the union of no less than 25 separate Lutheran missionary agencies?
- ... ...that John Campanius, an early Lutheran missionary to Delaware, transliterated the Lenape language and created one of the first documents to be written in a Native American language?
- ...that Paul Henkel, operating out of his son's printing house, became one of the first and only Lutheran publishers in the United States for years?
- ...that the paintings in the Espoo Cathedral were painted over in the 18th century, as they were thought to be "crude and superstitious'?
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Book of Concord: Apostles' Creed • Nicene Creed• Athanasian Creed • Augsburg Confession • Apology of the Augsburg Confession • Luther's Small Catechism • Luther's Large Catechism • Smalcald Articles • Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope • Formula of Concord
Theology: Justification • Law and Gospel • Sola gratia • Sola scriptura • Christology • Sanctification • Two Kingdoms • Priesthood of all believers • Divine Providence • Marian theology • Theology of the Cross • Sacramental Union
Sacraments & Rites: Baptism • Eucharist • Confession • Confirmation • Matrimony • Anointing of the Sick • Holy Orders
Globally: Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference • International Lutheran Council • Lutheran World Federation • List of Lutheran church-bodies
History: Protestant Reformation • The start of the Reformation • Reformation in Denmark-Norway and Holstein • Reformation in Finland • Reformation in Germany • Reformation in Iceland • Reformation in Sweden • Lutheran Orthodoxy • Gnesio-Lutherans • Pietists • Haugeans • Laestadians • Finnish Awakening • Old Lutherans • Neo-Lutherans • High Church Lutherans • Confessional Lutherans
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