Launch date | 14 May 1997 |
---|---|
Full members | 27 |
Non-voting members | 40 affiliates |
Destination airports | 1,321[1] |
Destination countries | 193[1] |
Annual passengers (M) | 637.62[1] |
Annual RPK (G) | 1,331[1] |
Fleet size | 4,456[1] |
Management | Mark Schwab, CEO[2] Calin Rovinescu, Chairman |
Alliance slogan | The Way The Earth Connects |
Headquarters | Frankfurt am Main, Germany[3] |
Website | staralliance.com |
The Star Alliance is the world's largest global airline alliance, headquartered in Frankfurt am Main, Germany,[3] and led by current CEO Mark Schwab.[2] It was founded on May 14, 1997, with its name and emblem representing the five founding airlines. Star Alliance has since grown considerably with 27 airlines which have more than 18,521 daily departures combined. These flights reach 1,321 airports in more than 193 countries, with an annual number of 637.6 million passengers.[1] Star Alliance has a rewards program with two tiers, Star Alliance Silver and Gold, and many of its member airlines's planes are painted in the Star Alliance livery.
Contents
Membership history
1997–1999: First Global Alliance
On 14 May 1997, agreement was announced of the launch of the Star Alliance, involving five airlines from three continents – Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International, Air Canada, Lufthansa, and United Airlines.[4][5] The newly established alliance selected Young & Rubicam Advertising to increase awareness of the new alliance, with a budget of $25 million, (€18 million).[6] The five airlines shared the traditional star logo from the beginning with the five points representing the five founding airlines. The alliance also adopted their first slogan "The Airline Network for Earth",[4] with the goal to have "an alliance that will take passengers to every major city on earth".[5]
First Additional Members
VARIG joined the Star Alliance network[4][7] on 22 October 1997, extending the alliance into South America. The alliance welcomed Ansett Australia and Air New Zealand as members of the alliance, expanding the alliance to Australia and the Pacific.[8] With these two carriers, Star Alliance served 720 destinations in 110 countries with a combined fleet of 1,650 aircraft. The next airline who joined was All Nippon Airways, who joined on 15 October 1999. ANA became the group's second Asian airline.[9][10]
2000-2006: Major expansion
The early 2000's saw many member airlines joining Star Alliance. The Austrian Airlines Group (Austrian Airlines, Tyrolean Airways and Lauda Air) joined the Alliance on 26 March 2000,[11][12] Singapore Airlines joined on 1 April. [13][14] BMI (British Midland) and Mexicana Airlines joined on 1 July, bringing membership to 13.[15] The joining of BMI made London Heathrow the only European hub with two competing alliances. During the year, Emirates considered joining Star Alliance, but later opted not to join.[16] Also in 2000, now defunct BWIA West Indies Airways who had entered an alliance with United Airlines considered becoming a member. BWIA however never joined the alliance.[17] In 2000, the alliance also opened its first three business centers, in Los Angeles, Frankfurt, and Bangkok as well as announcing the completion of its full-time Alliance Management Team (AMT) – the executive body of the partnership.[18] In September 2001, Ansett Australia, the only member airline in Australia in Star Alliance, left the alliance due to bankruptcy, handing over a majority of the Australian market to Qantas, a rival Oneworld member. During that year, Star Alliance also announced the appointment of a new CEO, Jaan Albrecht.[18]
Next, Asiana Airlines joined the Alliance on 1 March 2003;[19] Spanair joined on 1 May;[20] and LOT Polish Airlines, the official flag carrier of Poland, joined in October.[21] One year later, Mexicana Airlines left the Alliance after deciding not to renew a codeshare agreement with United Airlines and later joined Oneworld.[18] US Airways joined the Alliance in May,[22] becoming the Alliance's second US-based airline. Finally, in November, Adria Airways, Blue1 and Croatia Airlines joined the alliance as the first three regional members.
In 2005, Star Alliance invited Lineas Aereas Azteca to join the alliance in mid-2007, but the airline went bankrupt and never joined. TAP Portugal joined on 14 March, adding new African destinations to the Alliance's network.[23][24] After merging with US Airways under the US Airways name, America West Airlines joined, working through US Airways original membership, but would never be considered an individual member. Swiss International Air Lines joined as the 17th member and its sixth airline from Europe in April 2006. Swiss' predecessor, Swissair was due to join in 2001, but the airline went bankrupt in October of that year and went through an extensive restructuring process before joining five years later. Also in April, South African Airways joined the Alliance, becoming its first African member, and the 18th member of the Alliance.
2007: Tenth anniversary
By May 2007, the alliance's 10th anniversary, Star Alliance members had a combined 16,000 daily departure to 855 destinations in 155 countries, serving 406 million passengers annually. Star Alliance also launched Biosphere Connections, a partnership with three international organisations – UNESCO, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and Ramsar Convention On Wetlands – to promote environmental sustainability.[25][26]
“ | Today, nearly 30% of global air travellers use the services of our member carriers or, looking at it from an overall industry perspective, two thirds of world-wide air travellers use one of the three airline alliances. | ” |
— Jaan Albrecht, former CEO Star Alliance[27]
|
VARIG left the alliance on 31 January 2007,[28] while the two Chinese airlines to joined the alliance, Air China and Shanghai Airlines on 12 December.[29]
2008–2010: More expansion and 2nd decade of operations
On 1 April 2008, Turkish Airlines joined the alliance after an 18-month integration process since December 2006, becoming the seventh European airline[30] in the alliance, which had thus reached a total of 20 members. EgyptAir, the official airline of Egypt, joined afterwards on 11 July 2008,[31] becoming the second African airline.
On 27 October 2009, Continental Airlines became the 25th full member of the Alliance after leaving SkyTeam on 24 October. At the time, then-CEO Jaan Albrecht said: "Bringing Continental Airlines into Star Alliance has been a truly unique experience. This is the first time an airline has moved directly from one alliance to another and I would like to thank all those involved in ensuring a smooth switch". At the time, it was rumoured that the switch was part of Continental's initial move in its plan of a United-Continental merge.[32] Two months later, Brussels Airlines joined the Alliance.[33]
On 13 May 2010, leading Brazilian carrier TAM Airlines was admitted to Star Alliance,[34] furthering the alliance's foothold in South America.[35] Aegean Airlines, Greece's largest airline in terms of passengers carried, joined on 30 June.[36] Fellow Greek airline Olympic Air also intended to apply to join the alliance had their merger with Aegean Airlines been approved by the EU.
Shanghai Airlines left the alliance on 31 October 2010, due to its merger with China Eastern Airlines, a member of SkyTeam.[37] On 29 September, the Chief Executive Board approved Ethiopian Airlines's application for membership, with the airline to become the 30th member.[38] In 2010, Star Alliance flew to 1,172 airports in 181 countries, with approximately 21,200 daily departures.[38]
2011-present: Further expansion
Since 2011, more members joined while other members have left due to either the airline collapsing or as part of corporate restructuring. In August 2011, after continued delays, Air India was finally rejected for membership after failing to meet the requirements for membership.[39][40] Later that year, on 13 December 2011, Ethiopian Airlines oficially joined, adding five new countries and 24 destinations to the alliance's route map.
2012 had many events happening to Star Alliance, with many airlines leaving as well as many airlines joining. In the beginning of January 2012, Continental Airlines completed its merger with United Airlines, thus formally ending its existence and membership in the alliance. Shortly after this, on 27 January, Spanair left the alliance after suffering financial collapse and ceasing operations. bmi then left on 20 April after its acquisition by International Airlines Group (IAG), a parent company of Oneworld Members Iberia and British Airways. However, on 21 June 2012 Avianca, TACA Airlines and Copa Airlines all simultaneously joined the alliance, significantly increasing the alliance's presence in Latin America.[41]Then in November, Blue1 left the alliance, becoming an affiliate of parent Scandinavian Airlines.[42]Shenzhen Airlines then joined on 29 November 2012, complementing Air China's Chinese network.[43]
On 8 March 2013 TAM Airlines officially announced its departure, because of its merger with LAN Airlines to become LATAM Airlines Group. Later during the year, with the addition of EVA Air on 18 June and TACA's integration into Avianca, the alliance now had 28 members, making it the largest of the three main airline alliances. On 13 December 2013, Air India was officially invited to join Star Alliance again, and the integration process recommenced once again.[44] On 31 March 2014, TAM Airlines officially left Star Alliance and joined Oneworld, and US Airways left as well as an affiliate of American Airlines.[45] On the same day that US Airways and TAM Airlines left, Avianca Brazil announced that they would join Star Alliance in 2014 as an affiliate of the Avianca brand.[46] After TAM Airlines and US Airways left Star Alliance, the alliance had 26 airlines. On 24 June 2014, Air India had its membership approved by other members after several years of waiting, and it joined the alliance on 11 July 2014.[47][48][49] [50] Avianca in Brazil joined on 22 July 2015 as a member affiliate of Avianca.[51]
Member airlines
Full members and their member affiliates
A Founding member.
B Airlines operating under the Air Canada Express, Air New Zealand Link, Lufthansa Regional, Tyrolean Airways and United Express brands are not necessarily members of Star Alliance. However, flights are operated on behalf of the respective member airlines, carry their designator code and are Star Alliance flights.
C Members of Lufthansa Regional that are fully owned by Deutsche Lufthansa AG.
D Air Canada Express flights are operated by[52][53] Air Georgian, EVAS Air, Jazz Aviation, Sky Regional Airlines.
E Air India Regional flights are operated by Alliance Air.
F Air New Zealand Link flights are operated by Air Nelson, Eagle Airways, Mount Cook Airline.
G Lufthansa Regional flights are operated by Air Dolomiti, Eurowings, Lufthansa CityLine.
H United Express flights are operated by Cape Air, CommutAir, ExpressJet Airlines, GoJet Airlines, Mesa Airlines, Republic Airlines, Shuttle America, SkyWest Airlines, and Trans States Airlines.
Future members
As of September 2015, there are currently no confirmed new members scheduled to join the alliance.
Former members and affiliates
Former members and their member affiliates
Former member airline | Joined | Exited | Affiliates | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ansett Australia | 3 May 1999 | 12 September 2001 | Aeropelican Air Services Hazelton Airlines Kendell Airlines Skywest Airlines |
Collapsed on 12 September 2001 |
Blue1 | 3 November 2004 | 1 November 2012 | N/A | Left the alliance on 1 November 2012 after SAS took over mainline operations, now a member affiliate of Scandinavian Airlines |
British Midland International | 1 July 2000 | 20 April 2012 | BMI regional Bmibaby |
Left the alliance on 20 April 2012 as a result of its merger with International Airlines Group. IAG's subsidiaries British Airways and Iberia are Oneworld members; BMI merged with British Airways on 27 October 2012 |
Continental Airlines | 27 October 2009 | 3 March 2012 | Continental Connection Continental Express Continental Micronesia |
Merged with United Airlines on 3 March 2012 |
Mexicana | 1 July 2000 | 31 March 2004 | Aerocaribe | Left the alliance in 2004 after deciding not to renew a codeshare alliance with United Airlines, opting instead to codeshare with American Airlines, and joined Oneworld on 10 November 2009. Collapsed on 28 August 2010 |
Shanghai Airlines | 12 December 2007 | 31 October 2010 | China United Airlines | Left the alliance on 31 October 2010 as a result of its merger with China Eastern Airlines, a SkyTeam member |
Spanair | 1 May 2003 | 27 January 2012 | AeBal | Collapsed on 27 January 2012 |
TACA Airlines | 21 June 2012 | 27 May 2013 | TACA Regional operated by: Aviateca La Costeña Sansa Airlines |
Merged with Avianca on 27 May 2013. Renamed as Avianca El Salvador |
TAM Airlines | 13 May 2010 | 30 March 2014 | TAM Paraguay | Left the alliance on 30 March 2014 as a result of its merger with LAN Airlines, a Oneworld member |
US Airways | 4 May 2004 | 30 March 2014 | US Airways Express US Airways Shuttle |
Left the alliance on 30 March 2014 as a result of its merger with American Airlines, a Oneworld member |
Varig | 22 October 1997 | 31 January 2007 | Nordeste Rio Sul PLUNA |
Ceased operations on 20 July 2006 |
Former member affiliates of current full members
Former member affiliate | Joined | Exited | Member affiliate of | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Air Canada Tango |
|
|
Air Canada | Air Canada Tango was dissolved and now is part of Air Canada |
Air Nova |
|
|
Air Canada | |
Air Next |
|
|
All Nippon Airways | |
Air Nippon |
|
|
All Nippon Airways | |
Air Ontario |
|
|
Air Canada | |
Centralwings |
|
|
LOT Polish Airlines | |
Cyprus Turkish Airlines |
|
|
Turkish Airlines | |
Korongo Airlines |
|
|
Brussels Airlines | |
Lauda Air |
|
|
Austrian Airlines | Lauda Air was dissolved and replaced by Austrian Airlines operations |
Lufthansa Italia |
|
|
Lufthansa | |
United Shuttle |
|
|
United Airlines | United Shuttle's operations ceased and became part of United Airlines |
Swiss Private Aviation |
|
|
Swiss International Air Lines | |
Tyrolean Airways |
|
|
Austrian Airlines | Tyrolean Airways was dissolved and now is part of Austrian Airlines |
Zip |
|
|
Air Canada |
Customer service
Codeshare flights between airlines of Star Alliance are consistent. This tight cooperation led to suspicions of anti-competitive behaviour, and the alliance was investigated by the European Union as a virtual merger of its members. Indeed, some speculated that if government regulations were relaxed, the members would merge into a single corporation,[54] although no evidence has yet materialized. Prior to Star Alliance, Northwest Airlines and KLM were operating together as the forerunners of the modern airline alliance system since 1993, although there had been even earlier pairings and groupings of airlines for decades on a less formal level. The creation of Star Alliance was a milestone in airline history because of its size. It sparked the formation of rivals, notably SkyTeam and Oneworld.
The alliance developed the "Regional" concept in 2004, which helped Star Alliance penetrate individual markets with the regional participation of smaller carriers. Regional Star Alliance members had to be sponsored by an existing full Star Alliance member. However, Star Alliance has stopped designating airlines as "Regional" members and now refers to all the 27 airlines as just "members".[55]
Star Alliance members now fly over 18,521 daily flights to 1,321 airports in 193 countries with a fleet of 4,025 aircraft. Its members carried a total of 627.52 million passengers with a turnover of US$156.8 billion, €145 billion. The alliance's market share is 28% of the global market based on revenue passenger kilometers (RPK), which is greater than the combined market share of all airlines that are not in any of the three major alliances. All Star Alliance carriers combined employ over 405,000 pilots, flight attendants, and other staff. Star Alliance was voted best airline alliance in the Skytrax 2007 World Airline Awards.[56]
Members' hubs
Co-location at Airports (move under one roof)
Premium status
Star Alliance has two premium levels, Silver and Gold, based on a customer's tier status in a member carrier's frequent flyer program. Each of the member and regional airlines recognizes Star Silver/Gold status, with a few exceptions (mainly pertaining to airport lounge access). The statuses have no specific requirements of their own; membership is based solely on the frequent flyer programs of individual member airlines. Many member airlines also have an additional premium status beyond Gold which is not recognised across Star Alliance.
Star Alliance Silver
Star Alliance Silver status is awarded to customers who have reached a premium level of a member carrier's frequent flyer program.
Benefits of Star Alliance Silver membership:
- Priority reservations waitlisting
- Priority airport stand-by
Some airlines also offer the following to Silver members:
- Priority boarding
- Priority airport check-in
- Priority baggage handling
- Preferred seating
- Additional checked luggage allowance
- Waived fees for 1st and 2nd checked bags
Star Alliance Gold
Star Alliance Gold status is awarded to customers who have reached a high level of a member airline's frequent flyer program.
Benefits of Star Alliance Gold membership:
- Priority reservations waitlisting
- Priority airport stand-by
- Priority boarding
- Priority airport check-in
- Priority baggage handling
- Additional checked luggage allowance of 20 kg (or one extra piece where the piece concept applies)
- Airport lounge access to designated Star Alliance Gold lounges on the day and at the place of departure, on presentation of a valid Star Alliance boarding pass.
Some airlines also offer the following to Gold members:
- Preferred seating (exit seat, or even on a special section on the plane on some carriers, which provides more leg room)
- Guaranteed seating on fully booked flights (subject to the booking class code and notice period)
- Free upgrade (in the form of voucher/certificate or automatic upgrade upon check-in)
- United restricts US lounge access for their Gold Members to long-haul international passengers; Gold members from other carriers are welcome in US Lounges run by United on all itineraries. Unlike in Oneworld and Skyteam, United Star Gold members are admitted to the lounges of foreign alliance carriers (such as Lufthansa's Senator lounges at US airports) even if traveling domestically.
Qualifying tiers by airline
Member airline | Mileage program | Star Silver (qualifying tiers) |
Star Gold (qualifying tiers) |
---|---|---|---|
Adria Austrian Airlines Brussels Airlines Croatia Airlines LOT Polish Airlines Lufthansa Swiss International Air Lines |
Miles & More | Frequent Traveller | Senator HON Circle |
Aegean Airlines | Miles+Bonus | Silver | Gold |
Air Canada | Aeroplan[58] | Prestige 25K Elite 35K |
Elite 50K Elite 75K Super Elite 100K |
Air China Shenzhen Airlines |
Phoenix Miles | Silver | Gold Platinum |
Air India | Flying Returns | Silver Edge Club | Golden Edge Club The Maharajah Club |
Air New Zealand | Airpoints | Silver | Gold Elite |
All Nippon Airways | ANA Mileage Club | Bronze | Super Flyers Diamond Platinum |
Asiana Airlines | Asiana Club | Gold | Diamond Diamond Plus Platinum |
Avianca | LifeMiles | Silver | Gold Diamond |
Avianca Brazil | Programa Amigo | Silver | Gold Diamond |
Copa Airlines | ConnectMiles | Silver | Gold Platinum Presidential Platium |
EgyptAir | EgyptAir Plus | Silver | Gold Platinum |
Ethiopian Airlines | Sheba Miles | Silver Club | Gold Club |
EVA Air | Infinity MileageLands | Infinity MileageLands Silver | Infinity MileageLands Gold Infinity MileageLands Diamond |
Scandinavian Airlines | EuroBonus | Silver | Gold Diamond Pandion |
Singapore Airlines | KrisFlyer | Elite Silver | Elite Gold PPS Club Solitaire PPS Club |
South African Airways | Voyager | Silver | Gold Platinum |
TAP Portugal | Victoria | Silver Winner | Gold Winner |
Thai Airways International | Royal Orchid Plus | Silver | Gold, Platinum |
Turkish Airlines | Miles & Smiles | Classic Plus | Elite Elite Plus |
United Airlines | MileagePlus | Premier Silver | Premier Gold Premier Platinum Premier 1K Global Services |
Livery and logo
Some Star Alliance members paint some of their planes with the Star Alliance livery, usually featuring a white fuselage with "Star Alliance" signature written across and a black tailfin with the Star Alliance logo while the color or design of the engine cowlings or winglets remains depending on the members livery. Singapore Airlines is the only exception, formerly opting to paint the tails of the aircraft with the airline's logo; and now applying the Star Alliance logo sans the black tailfin painting, leaving it white. Asiana Airlines was the first Star Alliance member to paint their aircraft in the current Star Alliance livery.[59][dead link] Aircraft painted in their airline's regular livery have the Star Alliance logo painted on the aircraft between the cockpit and the first set of cabin doors.
-
An Egyptair Airbus A330 painted with Star Alliance livery
-
A Turkish Airlines Airbus A340 in Star Alliance livery.
References
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- ^ a b "Mark Schwab Appointed New Star Alliance Ceo". Star Alliance. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
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- ^ a b c BRYANT, ADAM (14 May 1997). "United and 4 Others to Detail Air Alliance Today". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ^ a b TAGLIABUE, JOHN (15 May 1997). "5 Airlines Extend Limits of Alliances". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ^ Meredith, Robyn (15 May 1997). "Airline Alliance Picks Y.& R.". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
- ^ "5 Airlines In 'Global Branding' Alliance". Bloomberg News (nwsource.com). 14 May 1997. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
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- ^ Brussels Airlines - corp - Star Alliance. Company.brusselsairlines.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.
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- ^ "SkyTeam looking for new partners in Latin America, Asia and Africa". eTurboNews. 23 June 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
- ^ "AEGEAN AIRLINES JOINS STAR ALLIANCE NETWORK" (Press release). Star Alliance. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
- ^ "Shanghai Airlines to Leave Star Alliance at End of October, Xinhua Reports". Bloomberg. 29 July 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
- ^ a b "ETHIOPIAN AIRLINES ACCEPTED AS FUTURE STAR ALLIANCE MEMBER CARRIER" (Press release). Star Alliance. 29 September 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
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External links
Media related to Star Alliance at Wikimedia Commons
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