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Contents
more research out there on "First Nations policies against the Chinese"
Got this from Tom Swanky, the Victoria historian whose book on the Great Smallpox of 1862 implicates it as an act of deliberate genocide and is the guy who led the charge on the apology for t he Tsilhqot'in Chiefs being hung in the Chilcotin War...he's doing a follow-up on the nuxalk and another on the Comox
_____________
I've come across a ton of stuff on Chinese in the Interior during my research but have not compiled it systematically. Someone contacted me who was doing a book about Chinese along the Cariboo Wagon Road.
There was something of a war between chinese miners and the St'at'imc at Fountain.
And in the second Chilcotn War, which began after the Colony broke the treaty of 1872, included Chief Nemiah killing Chinese miners and being sentenced to death for it. Though the sentence was reduced to life eventually. it was around that time t hat Hunter Jack drove them off of Tyaughton Creek, the headwaters of which verge on Nemiah territory... (same bad that Klatsassine was from)..... "Fountain" may mean Lower Fountain i.e. the Bridge River Rapids; and the chief of the Bridge River Band was controlling hydraulic mining on that river...though that conflict could have had to do with a Chinese flume built from the Fountain Valley to benches opposite Lillooet what First Nations policies were there against Chinese? The death penalty, that's what for disturbing stream beds...(or in the case of the "Fountain war", if it was about the flume which transits the area of the Fountain FN village, about trespassing on native lands).
The previous mention of Chinese being run off streambeds by natives is in Irene Edwards' books; it may refer to the Fountain "war" and seems to have been before the Cayoosh Gold Rush which was years later.
Why all this isn't in the confabulist analyses put forward by academics in their quest to indict "white" British Columbia and paint Chinese as innocent of any wrongdoing is a good question, but I'm not expecting a [rational] answer.Skookum1 (talk) 04:20, 7 March 2015 (UTC)
transferred inline comments re POV/SYNTH, sloppy/inaccurate sources and comments on missing context
In the course of fixing the awkward and often not-grammaticalwriting of the mass of confused, disordered information that was dumped on this page while the war to exclude sources that do not concur with the claims of the "scholarly" sources this page was largely built from, I made a large number of inline comments which I am now transferring here, along with the passages that prompted them. Some may repeat others already transferred and commented upon in sections above.
- During the gold rush, settlements of Chinese grew in Victoria and New Westminster and the "capital of the Cariboo" Barkerville and numerous other towns.
- "and Vancouver" was taken out as Vancouver wasn't yet established
- It is unclear what became of them[1]:312 but likely that some returned to China while others were put to work in a nearby mine [2]:196
- pure speculation by an author in a field not connected to BC history; there are countless in-the-field cites about these events and some are already in use on other pages
- The next year, Meares had another 70 Chinese craftsmen brought from Canton but, shortly after arrival of this second group, the settlement was seized by the Spanish in what became known as the Nootka Crisis, with the Chinese being imprisoned by the Spanish in the course of their seizure of Meares' property, which brought Britain and Spain to the brink of global war.
- cites on the Nootka Crisis page, some of which will mention this batch of Chinese, who were skilled shipbuilders and master craftsmen, not "coolies" per the source used, which is clearly POV on this subject by such an omission; Meares himself does not use the term "coolies", to my knowledge.
- In Victoria, the first tax register for that city indicates that of the ten richest men in the city, eight were Chinese (with the Governor and James Dunsmuir only ahead of them on the list).[3][page needed]
- tons to be added between here and the onset of railway construction; more cites for all of the above already on other existing pages....Captain Stamp may have also been on that list, but it was dominantly Chinese....and should be indexed as "taxation" or the like in Morton. May have been a list of 20 rather than 10, also. All Chinese names were given in full, not as "John Chinaman" or any other such claims as are made about US census practices/terminologies. The notion that all Chinese were slave labour is complete fiction, but that's what you see when you only read "scholarly" and other ethno-politically driven works, and reject of disregard all others...and general history itself.
- The use of Chinese labour in the clearing of the West End led to the winter riots of 1885 which saw Chinese residents flee to a refuge in a creek ravine around the then-southeast end of False Creek, thereafter known as China Creek.
- the China Creek ravine is NW of the intersection of Clark & Broadway; location of the former China Creek Track (or Raceway or Racetrack or whatever), a velodrome, in later years, gone now; now part of the VCC campus.
- It was not until the 1890s that Chinese businesses began to relocate back into the growing city, along Dupont Street (now East Pender Street), forming the nucleus of Chinatown.[4][page needed][5][page needed]
- much to be added here about the history of Chinese service people on the West Side, and the spread of Chinese residences and businesses into the East End/Grandview, and of course the Anti-Oriental Riots of 1907) and beyond. see talkpage for list of sources
- more needed on Vancouver's Chinese community from this point until the influx of the 1980s-
- Ah Hong verified that the gold rush was happening and stated this upon his May 1858 return.
- as if the departure of 10s of thousands of miners from SanFran hadn't already told them that, likewise the city's many newspapers who hyped Douglas' shipment of gold to vaults in San Francisco that touched off the rush; it's not like a field scout was needed...or there was only one; there were 3000 men who arrived in Victoria in less than a month (er, week) and about 1/3 of them were Chinese; unless Ah Hong journeyed by horseback, he wasn't the only one, nor the first.
- In the beginning British Columbians had more tolerance and had little fear of the Chinese and that this differed from California. The province had given the Chinese the same legal protections that other ethnic groups enjoyed.
- this needs much more expansion, and interestingly Chung alludes to the judicial and licensing equality/protections I've raised before here but had irate demands for sources thrown at me for.
- Chinese were viewed as contributing little to the local economy while taking from the land." and that the Chinese were preventing economic growth from occurring.[6]
- this is a grossly bigoted phrasing, they were not VIEWED that way, that was how it was; some material added to that effect since this inline comment was originally made.
- Whites had committed violent acts against Chinese, and therefore Chinese had avoided areas where whites had newly discovered gold.
- this is rubbish based on what seems to be transplanted experiences from California; as has often been the case on CC articles re labour/social conditions there, including the now-removed claim that the term Chinaman's chance originated in the Fraser Canyon CPR workings by white managers there; see that article for the real story and note the dual citations on 90% of the Fraser goldfields being Chinese by 1860, which the "scholarly" sources preferred by the creator of the SYNTH opus here for some reason just don't ever want to talk about or admit to....
- The law prompted a strike of Chinese workers, which was the first Chinese civil rights action taken in the province.
- there are better much sources for this - if this is even in Worden, which is used for a cite in the previous sentence; the quoted bit comes after that
- In the same period the federal government, acting on direction from London,
- it was London turning the taxes down and Ottawa following the imperial directive; more familiarity with Canadian and imperial history is, as always, recommended, before repeating pat statements from "scholarly" sources and ethno-politically driven articles and books.
- For instance the 1878 law was nulled for constitutional reasons, similarly blocking another law in 1884.[7]
- when was it "nulled"? (strange wording; perhaps annulled is meant; "overruled" is what most good histories say? This is in Morton, and Howay & Scholefield have much more on each of these refusals; there were others; apparently Worden doesn't know about all of them
- some of these were blocked by London, which was backed up by Ottawa; which you'd know of if you'd buy and read Morton; also it was pressure from Imperial China that partly led to the head taxes to stop the drain of citizens to BC/Canada; again, in Morton but not in the POV "academic" sources; unless the rendering of Worden here is SYNTH and he does cover the details as the sources named above do
- The places of origin of the Chinese immigrants were not recorded on Canadian census records.
- neither were those of other non-British immigrants; this is stated as though it were a sign of racist discrimination in record keeping
- Of those from Guangdong, most came from Siyi (Sze-yap), a group of four counties.
- that's off, unless that's the same as Toishan
- In 1882 8,000 Chinese arrived in Canada.
- Morton has better and very detailed arrival/departure data, and presented without attachment to the head tax issue
- The Chinese Immigration Act of 1885, which included the head tax, was passed shortly after the railway construction cased. No other ethnic group had a tax levied on it during immigration.[8]
- this is false, there was a head tax on Americans originally, that was overruled by London for the same reason it overruled later attempts at a head tax on Chinese; the original wording here used the Americanism "Oriental Exclusion Act", I changed it to the proper Canadian act's name; more sloppy scholarship from the American side.....or because of an American editor who doesn't know any better.
- At that time Quesnelle Forks was majority Chinese
- like many other places that the low-quality source doesn't mention, or probably doesn't even know about
- and there were also Chinese in Cumberland and Yale.
- and Lillooet, Kamloops, Barkerville, Stanley and a few dozen other places; the cruddy wording of this phrasing I'll fix later on after transferrign the rest of the inline comments; and strikes me that this repeat of mentions of Cumberland and Yale, which are already elsewhere in the article, is yet more dross and mantra-like repetition of stray facts dumped here without thought of context or any useful, readable narrative.
- In 1887 there were 124 Chinese who came to Canada, a sharp decrease.
- from what/when? the year before? And what's Morton say about 1887? Seems to me this figure is grossly low; there was a regular net loss/gain from departures vs arrivals, this 124 may bev a net figure, glossed over by a sloppy source IMO
- The numbers of Chinese began increasing around the year 1900
- 2nd sentence might as well be "in the next decade" but this paragraph needs reworking for "flow" anyway so will deal with it later.
- At the time some electoral districts in British Columbia were majority Chinese.
- the cite may say that but does it mention which ones? That's a very big claim and to state it without actual data is invalid
- re Roy, Patricia E. The Triumph of Citizenship: The Japanese and Chinese in Canada, 1941-67. UBC Press, November 1, 2011. ISBN 0774840757, 978077484075012 p. 12 (with sources in English and Chinese)
- but not Japanese??
There are more repeats of that last one in the footnotes, along with inline comments by the other editor re Chung.Skookum1 (talk) 07:11, 7 March 2015 (UTC)
References for comments/quotes on this page
This shouldn't really be necessary, but the tendency to include citations in ref format on this page now requires it; WP:OVERKILL has spread to talkpages, it seems; what use they have is dubious, there's way too many of them on the article as it is.
reflist
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
MaCartier2003
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Arnold J. Meagher (2008). The Coolie Trade: The Traffic in Chinese Laborers to Latin America 1847-1874. Arnold J Meagher. ISBN 978-1-4363-0943-1.
- ^ In the Sea of Sterile Mountains: The Chinese in British Columbia, J. Morton, 1974
- ^ [Early Vancouver, Vol I, Maj. J.S. "Skit" Mathews, Vancouver Archives publ. 1939
- ^ From Milltown to Metropolis, Alan Morley
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Yeep14
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Wordenp347
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
EarlyChinese
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).