Nepenthes baramensis | |
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An upper pitcher of Nepenthes baramensis from Brunei | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
(unranked): | Angiosperms |
(unranked): | Eudicots |
(unranked): | Core eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Nepenthaceae |
Genus: | Nepenthes |
Species: | N. baramensis |
Binomial name | |
Nepenthes baramensis C.Clarke, J.A.Moran & Chi.C.Lee (2011)[1] |
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Synonyms | |
Nepenthes baramensis (pron.: /nɨˈpɛnθiːz bærəmˈɛnsɪs/) is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to northwestern Borneo, where it grows in peat swamp forest and heath forest below 200 m above sea level.[1][4] Prior to its description as a species, this taxon was considered a variant of N. rafflesiana and known informally as the ‘elongate form’ of N. rafflesiana, N. rafflesiana var. elongata, or N. sp. "elegance".[1][2][3] The species is very similar to the typical form of N. rafflesiana, but is elongated in all respects.[3] It has been recorded from Brunei and coastal regions of northern Sarawak around Miri and Gunung Mulu National Park.[5]
Nepenthes baramensis appears to rely on different prey trapping strategies as compared to N. rafflesiana. Unlike the latter, the upper pitchers of N. baramensis have an expanded waxy zone and watery, less viscoelastic pitcher fluid.[1][6] They also appear to lack UV patterns and produce less nectar and odour attractants.[1][6] Hardwicke's Woolly Bats (Kerivoula hardwickii) commonly roost in the upper pitchers of N. baramensis.[1][7][8][9] This relationship appears to be mutualistic, with the plant providing shelter for the bats and in return receiving additional nitrogen input in the form of faeces. It has been estimated that the plant derives 33.8% of its total foliar nitrogen from the animals' droppings.[7]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Clarke, C., J.A. Moran & C.C. Lee 2011. Nepenthes baramensis (Nepenthaceae) – a new species from north-western Borneo. Blumea 56(3): 229–233. doi:10.3767/000651911X607121
- ^ a b Slack, A. 1986. Insect-Eating Plants and How to Grow Them. Alphabooks, Dorset.
- ^ a b c Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
- ^ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
- ^ Bourke, G. 2011. The Nepenthes of Mulu National Park. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 20–31.
- ^ a b Bauer, U., T.U. Grafe & W. Federle 2011. Evidence for alternative trapping strategies in two forms of the pitcher plant, Nepenthes rafflesiana. Journal of Experimental Botany 62(10): 3683–3692. doi:10.1093/jxb/err082
- ^ a b Grafe, T.U., C.R. Schöner, G. Kerth, A. Junaidi & M.G. Schöner 2011. A novel resource–service mutualism between bats and pitcher plants. Biology Letters 7(3): 436–439. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.1141
- ^ Youngsteadt, E. 2011. Carnivorous plant feasts on bat dung. ScienceNOW, January 25, 2011.
- ^ Davies, E. 2011. Bats in Borneo roost in carnivorous pitcher plants. BBC Earth News, January 26, 2011.
- Di Giusto, B., M. Guéroult, N. Rowe & L. Gaume 2009. Chapter 7: The Waxy Surface in Nepenthes Pitcher Plants: Variability, Adaptive Significance and Developmental Evolution. In: S.N. Gorb (ed.) Functional Surfaces in Biology: Adhesion Related Phenomena. Volume 2. Springer. pp. 183–204.
- Gaume, L. & B. Di Giusto 2009. Adaptive significance and ontogenetic variability of the waxy zone in Nepenthes rafflesiana. Annals of Botany 104(7): 1281–1291. doi:10.1093/aob/mcp238
- (French) Gaume, L. N.d. Piège reposant sur une surface cireuse glissante : le cas de Nepenthes rafflesiana var. elongata. [video] UMR AMAP.
- Moran, J.A. 1996. Pitcher dimorphism, prey composition and the mechanisms of prey attraction in the pitcher plant Nepenthes rafflesiana in Borneo. Journal of Ecology 84(4): 515–525. doi:10.2307/2261474
- Moran, J. 2012. Nepenthes baramensis. In: ‹The template PDFlink is being considered for possible deletion.› AIPC Special Issue 4: News of 2011. PDF Associazione Italiana Piante Carnivore. p. 18.
- Osunkoya, O.O., S.D. Daud & F.L. Wimmer 2008. Longevity, lignin content and construction cost of the assimilatory organs of Nepenthes species. Annals of Botany 102(5): 845–853. doi:10.1093/aob/mcn162