July 23 is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 161 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 1632 – Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.
- 1677 – Scanian War: Denmark–Norway captures the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.
- 1793 – Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
- 1821 – While Mora Rebellion continuing, Greeks captured Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens transfered to Minor Asia coasts.
- 1829 – In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
- 1833 – Cornerstones are laid for the construction of the Kirtland Temple in Kirtland, Ohio.
- 1840 – The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
- 1862 – American Civil War: Henry Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
- 1874 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa.
- 1881 – The Boundary treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
- 1903 – The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
- 1908 – The Second Constitution accepted by the Ottomans.
- 1914 – Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia will reject those demands and Austria will declare war on July 28.
- 1926 – Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
- 1927 – The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company goes on the air in Bombay.
- 1929 – The Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign words.
- 1936 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.
- 1940 – The United States' Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
- 1942 – The Holocaust: the Treblinka extermination camp is opened.
- 1942 – World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin.
- 1942 – Bulgarian poet and Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad.
- 1945 – The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain begin.
- 1952 – The European Coal and Steel Community is established.
- 1952 – General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.
- 1961 – The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua.
- 1962 – Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.
- 1962 – The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is signed.
- 1967 – 12th Street Riot: in Detroit, Michigan, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city. It will leave 43 killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned.
- 1968 – Glenville Shootout: in Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization led by Ahmed Evans and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days.
- 1968 – The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The aircraft was en route from Rome, Italy, to Lod, Israel.
- 1970 – Qaboos bin Said al Said becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur initiating massive reforms ;modernization programs and end to a decade long civil war.
- 1972 – The United States launch Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources satellite.
- 1974 – The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government.
- 1982 – The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985-86.
- 1983 – The Sri Lankan Civil War begins with the killing of 13 Sri Lanka Army soldiers by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Terrorist group. In the subsequent riots of Black July, about 1,000 Tamils are slaughtered, some 400,000 Tamils flee to neighbouring Tamil Nadu, India and many find refuge in Europe and Canada.
- 1983 – Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.
- 1984 – Vanessa Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign when she surrenders her crown after nude photos of her appeared in Penthouse magazine.
- 1986 – In London, England, United Kingdom, Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey.
- 1988 – General Ne Win, effective ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.
- 1992 – A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes that it is necessary to limit rights of homosexual people and non-married couples.
- 1992 – Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
- 1993 – Agdam was occupied by Armenian separatists.
- 1995 – Comet Hale–Bopp is discovered; it will become visible to the naked eye nearly a year later.
- 1997 – Digital Equipment Corporation files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
- 1999 – Crown Prince Mohammed Ben Al-Hassan is crowned King Mohammed VI of Morocco on the death of his father.
- 1999 – ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.
- 2005 – Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.
- 2012 – At least 107 people are killed and more than 250 others wounded in a string of bombings and attacks in Iraq.
Births
- 645 – Yazid I, Arabian Caliph (d. 683)
- 1301 – Otto, Duke of Austria (d. 1339)
- 1339 – Louis I, Duke of Anjou (d. 1384)
- 1503 – Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1547)
- 1649 – Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)
- 1705 – Francis Blomefield, English historian (d. 1752)
- 1734 – Antonio Sacchini, Italian composer (d. 1786)
- 1773 – Thomas Brisbane, Scottish astronomer and soldier, 6th Governor of New South Wales (d. 1860)
- 1775 – Étienne-Louis Malus, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1812)
- 1777 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter (d. 1810)
- 1796 – Franz Berwald, Swedish composer (d. 1868)
- 1823 – Alexandre-Antonin Taché, Canadian archbishop (d. 1894)
- 1838 – Édouard Colonne, French violinist and conductor (d. 1910)
- 1851 – Peder Severin Krøyer, Norwegian-Danish painter (d. 1909)
- 1856 – Arthur Bird, American composer (d. 1923)
- 1856 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian lawyer and social reformer (d. 1920)
- 1864 – Apolinario Mabini, Filipino theoretician (d. 1903)
- 1865 – Max Heindel, Danish occultist and mystic (d. 1919)
- 1883 – Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, English soldier (d. 1963)
- 1884 – Emil Jannings, Swiss actor (d. 1950)
- 1885 – Georges V. Matchabelli, Georgian-American prince and businessman, created Prince Matchabelli perfume (d. 1935)
- 1886 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish diplomat (d. 1978)
- 1886 – Walter H. Schottky, German physicist (d. 1976)
- 1888 – Raymond Chandler, American novelist (d. 1959)
- 1892 – Haile Selassie I, Ethiopian emperor (d. 1975)
- 1894 – Arthur Treacher, English actor (d. 1975)
- 1895 – Aileen Pringle, American actress (d. 1989)
- 1898 – Red Dutton, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1987)
- 1898 – Jacob Marschak, American economist (d. 1977)
- 1899 – Gustav Heinemann, German politician (d. 1976)
- 1900 – John Babcock, Canadian soldier (d. 2010)
- 1901 – Hank Worden, American actor (d. 1992)
- 1905 – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian Holocaust survivor, author, and lecturer
- 1906 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
- 1906 – Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian nationalist (d. 1931)
- 1909 – John William Finn, American sailor, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2010)
- 1912 – M. H. Abrams, American critic and writer
- 1912 – Michael Wilding, English actor (d. 1979)
- 1913 – Michael Foot, English politician (d. 2010)
- 1914 – Nassos Daphnis, Greek-American painter (d.2010)
- 1914 – Virgil Finlay, American illustrator (d. 1971)
- 1918 – Abraham Bueno de Mesquita, Dutch comedian and actor (d. 2005)
- 1918 – Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player (d. 1999)
- 1920 – Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese singer and actress (d. 1999)
- 1921 – Calvert DeForest, American actor (d. 2007)
- 1923 – Luis Aloma, Cuban baseball player (d. 1997)
- 1923 – Amalia Mendoza, Mexican singer and actress (d. 2001)
- 1924 – Gavin Lambert, English-American screenwriter and author (d. 2005)
- 1925 – Tajuddin Ahmad, Bangladeshi politician, 1st Prime Minister of Bangladesh (d. 1975)
- 1927 – Gérard Brach, French director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
- 1928 – Leon Fleisher, American pianist and conductor
- 1928 – Vera Rubin, American astronomer
- 1928 – Hubert Selby, Jr., American author (d. 2004)
- 1929 – Danny Barcelona, Filipino-American drummer (d. 2007)
- 1929 – Lateef Jakande, Nigerian politician
- 1931 – Dame Te Atairangikaahu, Māori queen (d. 2006)
- 1931 – Claude Fournier, Canadian director and screenwriter
- 1931 – Guy Fournier, Canadian author and screenwriter
- 1933 – Raimund Abraham, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Cultural Forum (d. 2010)
- 1933 – Bert Convy, American actor, singer, and game show host (d. 1991)
- 1933 – Benedict Groeschel, American priest, author, and talk show host
- 1935 – Jim Hall, American race car driver
- 1935 – Hein Heinsen, Danish sculptor
- 1936 – Don Drysdale, American baseball player (d. 1993)
- 1936 – Anthony Kennedy, American judge
- 1937 – Dave Webster, American football player
- 1938 – Juliet Anderson, American porn actress and producer (d. 2010)
- 1938 – Ronny Cox, American actor
- 1938 – Götz George, German actor
- 1938 – Charles Harrelson, American convicted murderer, father of Woody Harrelson (d. 2007)
- 1938 – Bert Newton, Australian actor and television host
- 1940 – Don Imus, American radio radio host
- 1940 – Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Italian banker and economist (d. 2010)
- 1941 – Richie Evans, American race car driver (d. 1985)
- 1942 – Sallyanne Atkinson, Australian politician
- 1942 – Madeline Bell, American singer-songwriter (Blue Mink)
- 1942 – Dimitris Liantinis, Greek philosopher
- 1943 – Randall Forsberg, American scientist (d. 2007)
- 1943 – Tony Joe White, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1944 – Dino Danelli, American drummer (The Rascals and Fotomaker)
- 1946 – Andy Mackay, English musician, songwriter, producer, and composer (Roxy Music)
- 1947 – Gardner Dozois, American writer and editor
- 1947 – David Essex, English singer-songwriter and actor
- 1947 – Torsten Palm, Swedish race car driver
- 1948 – John Cushnahan, Irish politician
- 1948 – John Hall, American musician, songwriter, and politician
- 1949 – Clive Rice, South African cricketer
- 1950 – Alex Kozinski, Romanian-American judge
- 1950 – Ian Thomas, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
- 1950 – Blair Thornton, Canadian guitarist and songwriter (Bachman–Turner Overdrive)
- 1950 – Alan Turner, Australian cricketer
- 1951 – Edie McClurg, American actress
- 1951 – Michael McConnohie, American voice actor
- 1952 – Bill Nyrop, American ice hockey player (d. 1995)
- 1952 – Janis Siegel, American singer (The Manhattan Transfer)
- 1952 – Paul Hibbert, Australian cricketer (d. 2008)
- 1953 – Graham Gooch, English cricketer
- 1953 – Bob Hilton, American game show host and announcer
- 1954 – Annie Sprinkle, American porn actress and producer
- 1957 – Jo Brand, English comedian, writer, and actress
- 1957 – Kate Buffery, English actress and writer
- 1957 – Nikos Galis, Greek basketball player
- 1957 – Theo van Gogh, Dutch director (d. 2004)
- 1958 – Tomy Winata, Indonesian businessman
- 1959 – Nancy Savoca, American director, screenwriter, and producer
- 1960 – Al Perez, American wrestler
- 1961 – André Ducharme, Canadian comedian and author
- 1961 – Michael Durant, American pilot and author
- 1961 – Martin Gore, English singer-songwriter, musician, and composer (Depeche Mode and VCMG)
- 1961 – Woody Harrelson, American actor
- 1962 – Eriq La Salle, American actor
- 1964 – Uwe Barth, German politician
- 1964 – Nick Menza, German drummer and songwriter (Megadeth))
- 1964 – Edward Forchion, American activist and politician
- 1965 – Slash, English-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (Guns N' Roses, Velvet Revolver, and Hollywood Rose)
- 1965 – Rob Dickinson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Catherine Wheel)
- 1966 – Samantha Beckinsale, English actress
- 1967 – Titiyo, Swedish singer-songwriter
- 1967 – Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor and director
- 1968 – Elden Campbell, American basketball player
- 1968 – Gary Payton, American basketball player
- 1968 – Stephanie Seymour, American model and actress
- 1969 – David Kaufman American actor
- 1970 – Charisma Carpenter, American actress
- 1970 – Thea Dorn, German writer
- 1970 – Sam Watters, singer-songwriter and producer (Color Me Badd)
- 1971 – Dalvin DeGrate, American singer-songwriter and producer (Jodeci)
- 1971 – Alison Krauss, American singer-songwriter and fiddler
- 1971 – Christopher Lee, Singaporean actor and model
- 1971 – Chris Michalek, American harmonica player (d. 2010)
- 1971 – Joel Stein, American journalist
- 1972 – Floyd Reifer, Indian cricketer
- 1972 – Marlon Wayans, American actor, director, writer, and producer
- 1973 – Nomar Garciaparra, American baseball player
- 1973 – Francis Healy, English-Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (Travis)
- 1973 – Monica Lewinsky, American White House intern, author, and handbag designer
- 1973 – Himesh Reshammiya, Indian actor, singer, producer, and composer
- 1973 – Andrea Scanavacca, Italian rugby player
- 1974 – Terry Glenn, American football player
- 1974 – Maurice Greene, American sprinter
- 1974 – Kathryn Hahn, American actress
- 1974 – Stephanie March, American actress
- 1974 – Sonny Siaki, Samoan wrestler
- 1974 – Rik Verbrugghe, Belgian cyclist
- 1975 – Suriya, Indian actor and producer
- 1975 – Seong Hyeon-ah, South Korean actress
- 1976 – Jonathan Gallant, Canadian bassist (Billy Talent)
- 1976 – Judit Polgár, Hungarian chess player
- 1977 – Scott Clemmensen, American ice hockey player
- 1977 – Néicer Reasco, Ecuadorian footballer
- 1977 – Shawn Thornton, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1978 – Stuart Elliott, Irish footballer
- 1978 – Marianela González, Venezuelan actress
- 1978 – Stefanie Sun, Singaporean singer-songwriter and pianist
- 1979 – Perro Aguayo, Jr., Mexican wrestler
- 1979 – Richard Sims, Zimbabwean cricketer
- 1979 – Ricardo Sperafico, Brazilian race car driver
- 1979 – Sotirios Kyrgiakos, Greek footballer
- 1980 – Sandeep Parikh, American actor, writer, and director
- 1980 – Michelle Williams, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (Destiny's Child)
- 1981 – Steve Jocz, Canadian singer-songwriter, drummer, and director (Sum 41)
- 1981 – Jarkko Nieminen, Finnish tennis player
- 1982 – Zanjoe Marudo, Filipino actor
- 1982 – Joe Mather, American baseball player
- 1982 – Tom Mison, English actor
- 1982 – Gerald Wallace, American basketball player
- 1982 – Paul Wesley, American actor
- 1983 – Andrew Eiden, American actor
- 1983 – Bec Hewitt, Australian actress and singer
- 1983 – Aaron Peirsol, American swimmer
- 1983 – David Strettle, English rugby player
- 1984 – Matthew Murphy, English singer and musician (The Wombats)
- 1984 – Brandon Roy, American basketball player
- 1984 – Celeste Thorson, American actress and screenwriter
- 1985 – Matthew Colin Bailey, American designer and author
- 1985 – Ólafur Hannesson, Icelandic television host
- 1985 – Blake Harrison, English actor
- 1985 – Luis Ángel Landín, Mexican footballer
- 1985 – Anna Maria Mühe, German actress
- 1986 – Ayaka Komatsu, Japanese model and actress
- 1986 – Nelson Philippe, French race car driver
- 1986 – Reece Ritchie, English actor
- 1986 – Natalie Tran, Vietnamese-Australian comedian and blogger
- 1987 – Felipe Dylon, Brazilian singer
- 1987 – Arthur Napiontek, American actor
- 1988 – Pippa Bennett-Warner, English actress
- 1988 – Pablo Holman, Chilean singer-songwriter and guitarist (Kudai)
- 1989 – Eliška Bučková, Czech model, Czech Miss 2008
- 1989 – Daniel Radcliffe, English actor
- 1989 – Donald Young, American tennis player
- 1990 – Ryan Castro, American actor
- 1990 – Kevin Reynolds, Canadian figure skater
- 1991 – Mahendran, Tamil actor
- 1991 – Bibi Jones, American porn actress
- 1991 – Lauren Mitchell, Australian gymnast
- 1992 – Amanda Wilson, English singer
- 1996 – Rachel G. Fox, American actress
Deaths
- 1227 – Qiu Chuji, Chinese founder of the Dragon Gate Taoism (b. 1148)
- 1373 – Bridget of Sweden, Swedish mystic and saint, founder of the Bridgettine Order (b. 1303)
- 1403 – Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English nobleman and rebel (b. 1343)
- 1531 – Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, French nobleman
- 1536 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (b. 1519)
- 1562 – Götz von Berlichingen, German knight and mercenary (b. 1480)
- 1584 – John Day, English printer (b. 1522)
- 1692 – Gilles Ménage, French scholar (b. 1613)
- 1727 – Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt, English statesman, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1661)
- 1757 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian composer (b. 1685)
- 1764 – Gilbert Tennent, Irish-American religious leader (b. 1703)
- 1773 – George Edwards, English naturalist and ornithologist (b. 1693)
- 1781 – John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-American politician (b. 1724)
- 1793 – Roger Sherman, American lawyer and politician, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b. 1721)
- 1833 – Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean politician (b. 1777)
- 1853 – Andries Pretorius, South African Boer leader (b. 1798)
- 1875 – Isaac Singer, American inventor and businessman, founded the Singer Corporation (b. 1811)
- 1878 – Baron Carl von Rokitansky, Bohemian physician, pathologist, philosopher, and politician (b. 1804)
- 1885 – Ulysses S. Grant, American soldier and politician, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822)
- 1916 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
- 1919 – Spyridon Lambros, Greek historian and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1851)
- 1920 – Conrad Kohrs, German-American rancher (b. 1835)
- 1924 – Frank Frost Abbott, American scholar (b. 1850)
- 1926 – Viktor Vasnetsov, Russian painter (b. 1848)
- 1930 – Glenn Curtiss, American aviation pioneer (b. 1878)
- 1932 – Tenby Davies, Welsh runner (b. 1884)
- 1941 – George Lyman Kittredge, American scholar and educator (b. 1860)
- 1942 – Adam Czerniaków, Polish engineer and politician (b. 1880)
- 1942 – Andy Ducat, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1886)
- 1948 – D. W. Griffith, American director (b. 1875)
- 1951 – Robert J. Flaherty, American director and producer (b. 1884)
- 1951 – Philippe Pétain, French general and politician (b. 1856)
- 1955 – Cordell Hull, American politician, 47th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871)
- 1966 – Montgomery Clift, American actor (b. 1920)
- 1968 – Henry Hallett Dale, English pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1875)
- 1971 – Van Heflin, American actor (b. 1910)
- 1973 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American fighter ace, founder of Rickenbacker Motors (b. 1890)
- 1979 – Joseph Kessel, French journalist and author (b. 1898)
- 1980 – Sarto Fournier, Canadian politician, 38th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1908)
- 1980 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboard player (Grateful Dead and Heart of Gold Band) (b. 1948)
- 1980 – Mollie Steimer, Russian-American anarchist and activist (b. 1897)
- 1982 – Giorgos Gavriilidis, Greek actor (b. 1906)
- 1982 – Vic Morrow, American actor (b. 1929)
- 1983 – Georges Auric, French composer (b. 1899)
- 1985 – Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (b. 1923)
- 1989 – Donald Barthelme, American journalist and author (b. 1931)
- 1990 – Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese television designer (b. 1899)
- 1993 – James R. Jordan, Sr., American soldier, father of Michael Jordan (b. 1936)
- 1996 – Jean Muir, American actress (b. 1911)
- 1996 – Aliki Vougiouklaki, Greek actress (b. 1934)
- 1997 – Chūhei Nambu, Japanese long jumper (b. 1904)
- 1999 – Hassan II of Morocco (b. 1929)
- 2001 – Eudora Welty, American writer (b. 1909)
- 2002 – Leo McKern, Australian actor (b. 1920)
- 2002 – William Luther Pierce, American White separatist and writer (b. 1933)
- 2002 – Chaim Potok, American novelist and rabbi (b. 1929)
- 2003 – James E. Davis, American police officer and councilman (b. 1962)
- 2003 – Yvonne Sanson, Greek actress (b. 1926)
- 2004 – Mehmood Ali, Indian actor, director, and producer (b. 1932)
- 2004 – Carlos Paredes, Portuguese guitarist and composer (b. 1925)
- 2004 – Piero Piccioni, Italian pianist, conductor and composer (b. 1921)
- 2004 – Serge Reggiani, Italian-French singer and actor (b. 1922)
- 2005 – Ted Greene, American guitarist and teacher (Bluesberry Jam) (b. 1946)
- 2006 – Jean-Paul Desbiens, Canadian writer and journalist (b. 1927)
- 2007 – Tor Kamata, American-Canadian wrestler (b. 1937)
- 2007 – Ron Miller, American songwriter and producer (b. 1933)
- 2007 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, Afghan king (b. 1914)
- 2008 – Kurt Furgler, Swiss politician (b. 1924)
- 2010 – Daniel Schorr, American journalist (b. 1916)
- 2011 – Amy Winehouse, English singer-songwriter (b. 1983)
- 2012 – Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen (b. 1926)
- 2012 – Seppo Liitsola, Finnish ice hockey player and coach (b. 1933)
- 2012 – Ernie Machin, English footballer (b. 1944)
- 2012 – Margaret Mahy, New Zealand author (b. 1936)
- 2012 – Frank Pierson, American screenwriter and director (b. 1925)
- 2012 – Sally Ride, American physicist and astronaut (b. 1951)
- 2012 – Lakshmi Sahgal, Indian freedom fighter and politician (b. 1914)
- 2012 – John Treloar, Australian sprinter (b. 1928)
- 2012 – Esther Tusquets, Spanish publisher and writer (b. 1936)
- 2012 – José Luis Uribarri, Spanish television host and director (b. 1936)
Holidays and observances
External links
Months and days of the year
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