March 20 is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 286 days remaining until the end of the year. Typically the March equinox falls on this date, marking the vernal point in the Northern Hemisphere and the autumnal point in the Southern Hemisphere, when both day and night are of equal length.
Events
- 235 – Maximinus Thrax is proclaimed emperor. He is the first foreigner to hold the Roman throne.
- 1208 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
- 1600 – The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.
- 1602 – The Dutch East India Company is established.
- 1616 – Sir Walter Raleigh is freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment.
- 1760 – The "Great Fire" of Boston, Massachusetts, destroys 349 buildings.
- 1815 – After escaping from Elba, Napoleon enters Paris with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.
- 1848 – Revolutions of 1848 in the German states: King Ludwig I of Bavaria abdicates.
- 1852 – Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published.
- 1861 – An earthquake completely destroys Mendoza, Argentina.
- 1883 – The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is signed.
- 1888 – The premiere of the very first Romani language operetta is staged in Moscow, Russia.
- 1913 – Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days later.
- 1914 – In New Haven, Connecticut, the first international figure skating championship takes place.
- 1916 – Albert Einstein publishes his general theory of relativity.
- 1922 – The USS Langley (CV-1) is commissioned as the first United States Navy aircraft carrier.
- 1923 – The Arts Club of Chicago hosts the opening of Pablo Picasso's first United States showing, entitled Original Drawings by Pablo Picasso, becoming an early proponent of modern art in the United States.
- 1933 – Giuseppe Zangara is executed in Florida's electric chair for fatally shooting Anton Cermak in an assassination attempt against President-Elect Franklin D. Roosevelt.
- 1942 – World War II: General Douglas MacArthur, at Terowie, South Australia, makes his famous speech regarding the fall of the Philippines, in which he says: "I came out of Bataan and I shall return".
- 1948 – With a Musicians Union ban lifted, the first telecasts of classical music in the United States, under Eugene Ormandy and Arturo Toscanini, are given on CBS and NBC.
- 1951 – Fujiyoshida, a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, in the center of the Japanese main island of Honshū is founded.
- 1952 – The United States Senate ratifies a peace treaty with Japan.
- 1956 – Tunisia gains independence from France.
- 1964 – The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.
- 1972 – The Troubles: A Provisional IRA car bomb kills seven and injures 148 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It was the first of many car bomb attacks by the group.
- 1974 – Ian Ball attempts, but fails, to kidnap Her Royal Highness Princess Anne and her husband Captain Mark Phillips in The Mall, outside Buckingham Palace, London.
- 1980 – The Radio Caroline ship, Mi Amigo founders in a gale off the English coast.
- 1985 – Libby Riddles becomes the first woman to win the 1,135-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.
- 1985 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation of the globe in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research.
- 1987 – The Food and Drug Administration approves the anti-AIDS drug, AZT.
- 1988 – Eritrean War of Independence: Having defeated the Nadew Command, the Eritrean People's Liberation Front enters the town of Afabet, victoriously concluding the Battle of Afabet.
- 1990 – Ferdinand Marcos's widow, Imelda Marcos, goes on trial for bribery, embezzlement, and racketeering.
- 1993 – The Troubles: A Provisional IRA bomb kills two children in Warrington, England. It leads to mass protests in both Britain and Ireland.
- 1995 – A sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway kills 12 and wounds 1,300 persons.
- 1999 – Legoland California, the only Legoland outside of Europe, opens in Carlsbad, California.
- 2000 – Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther once known as H. Rap Brown, is captured after murdering Georgia sheriff's deputy Ricky Kinchen and critically wounding Deputy Aldranon English.
- 2003 – 2003 invasion of Iraq: In the early hours of the morning, the United States and three other countries begin military operations in Iraq.
- 2006 – Over 150 Chadian soldiers are killed in eastern Chad by members of the rebel UFDC. The rebel movement sought to overthrow Chadian president Idriss Deby.
Births
- 43 BC – Ovid, Roman poet (d. 17)
- 1469 – Princess Cecily of York (d. 1507)
- 1477 – Jerome Emser, German theologian (d. 1527)
- 1502 – Pierino Belli, Italian soldier and jurist (d. 1575)
- 1639 – Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (d. 1709)
- 1725 – Abdul Hamid I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1789)
- 1735 – Torbern Bergman, Swedish chemist (d. 1784)
- 1736 – Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, King of Thailand (d. 1809)
- 1741 – Jean-Antoine Houdon, French sculptor (d. 1828)
- 1770 – Friedrich Hölderlin, German writer (d. 1843)
- 1799 – Karl August Nicander, Swedish poet (d. 1839)
- 1800 – Braulio Carrillo Colina, Costa Rican Head of State (d. 1845)
- 1811 – George Caleb Bingham, American artist (d. 1879)
- 1811 – Napoleon II, Emperor of the French and King of Rome (d. 1832)
- 1821 – Ned Buntline (E.Z.C. Judson), American publisher (d. 1886)
- 1828 – Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian writer (d. 1906)
- 1831 – Solomon L. Spink, American politician U.S. Congressman (d. 1881)
- 1834 – Charles William Eliot, President of Harvard University (d. 1926)
- 1836 – Ferris Jacobs, Jr., American politician (d. 1886)
- 1836 – Sir Edward Poynter, British painter (d. 1919)
- 1840 – Illarion Pryanishnikov, Russian painter (d. 1894)
- 1856 – Sir John Lavery, Irish artist (d. 1941)
- 1856 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American engineer and efficiency expert (d. 1915)
- 1870 – Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (d. 1964)
- 1874 – Börries von Münchhausen, German poet (d. 1945)
- 1876 – Payne Whitney, American businessman (d. 1927)
- 1879 – Maud Menten, Canadian biochemist (d. 1960)
- 1882 – René Coty, French President (d. 1962)
- 1886 – Grace Brown, American murder victim (d. 1906)
- 1890 – Beniamino Gigli, Italian tenor (d. 1957)
- 1890 – Lauritz Melchior, Danish tenor (d. 1973)
- 1895 – Fredric Wertham, German-born psychologist (d. 1981)
- 1903 – Edgar Buchanan, American actor (d. 1979)
- 1904 – B. F. Skinner, American psychologist (d. 1990)
- 1905 – Jean Galia, French rugby footballer (d. 1949)
- 1906 – Abraham Beame, American politician (d. 2001)
- 1906 – Nickolaus "Mickey" Hirschl, Austrian wrestler (d. 1991)
- 1906 – Ozzie Nelson, American bandleader and actor (d. 1975)
- 1907 – Hugh MacLennan, Canadian author and professor (d. 1990)
- 1907 – Ruby Muhammad, American matriarch of Black Islam (d. 2011)
- 1908 – Sir Michael Redgrave, English actor (d. 1985)
- 1911 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and Nobel laureate (d. 1991)
- 1914 – Wendell Corey, American actor (d. 1968)
- 1915 – Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, 8th President of Austria (d. 2000)
- 1915 – Sviatoslav Richter, Soviet pianist (d. 1997)
- 1915 – Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer (d. 1973)
- 1916 – Pierre Messmer, French politician, Prime Minister (d. 2007)
- 1917 – Dame Vera Lynn, English actress and singer
- 1918 – Jack Barry, American TV host (d. 1984)
- 1918 – Donald Featherstone, British writer and wargamer
- 1918 – Marian McPartland, British jazz pianist
- 1920 – Pamela Harriman, British-American diplomat (d. 1997)
- 1921 – Dušan Pirjevec, Slovenian resistance fighter, philosopher and literary historian (d. 1977)
- 1921 – Alfréd Rényi, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1970)
- 1922 – Larry Elgart, American saxophonist and bandleader
- 1922 – Ray Goulding, American comedian (d. 1990)
- 1922 – Carl Reiner, American film director
- 1923 – Shaukat Siddiqui, Pakistani author, journalist and political activist (d. 2006)
- 1924 – Jozef Kroner, Slovak actor (d. 1998)
- 1925 – John Ehrlichman, American political figure (d. 1999)
- 1927 – John Joubert, South African-born British composer
- 1928 – Fred Rogers, American TV host (d. 2003)
- 1929 – Germán Robles, Spanish actor
- 1931 – Hal Linden, American actor
- 1933 – George Altman, American baseball player
- 1933 – Alexander Gorodnitsky, Russian geologist and poet
- 1933 – Renato Salvatori, Italian actor (d. 1988)
- 1934 – Willie Brown, American politician
- 1934 – David Malouf, Australian author
- 1935 – Ted Bessell, American actor (d. 1996)
- 1936 – Lee "Scratch" Perry, Jamaican reggae artist
- 1936 – Vaughn Meader, American comedian (d. 2004)
- 1937 – Lois Lowry, American author
- 1937 – Jerry Reed, American singer and actor (d. 2008)
- 1938 – Sergei Novikov, Russian Mathematician
- 1939 – Don Edwards, American singer and guitarist
- 1939 – Brian Mulroney, Canadian politician 18th Prime Minister of Canada
- 1940 – Stathis Chaitas, Greek fooballer
- 1941 – Pat Corrales, American baseball player
- 1941 – Kenji Kimihara, Japanese long-distance runner
- 1942 – Robin Luke, American singer
- 1943 – Gerard Malanga, American poet and photographer
- 1943 – Naima Neidre, Estonian graphic artist
- 1943 – Paul Junger Witt, American TV producer
- 1945 – Henry Bartholomay, American fighter pilot
- 1945 – Jay Ingram, Canadian television host and author
- 1945 – Pat Riley, American basketball player and coach
- 1946 – Douglas B. Green (Ranger Doug), American musician and songwriter
- 1947 – John Boswell, American historian (d. 1994)
- 1948 – John de Lancie, American actor
- 1948 – Marva Wright, American blues singer (d. 2010)
- 1948 – Bobby Orr, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1949 – Marcia Ball, American singer and pianist
- 1950 – William Hurt, American actor
- 1950 – Carl Palmer, English drummer (Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Asia, and Atomic Rooster)
- 1951 – Curt Smith, American author and media host
- 1951 – Jimmie Vaughan, American guitarist (The Fabulous Thunderbirds)
- 1952 – Geoff Brabham, Australian racing driver
- 1954 – Mike Francesa, American talk show host
- 1954 – Liana Kanelli, Greek journalist and politician
- 1954 – Paul Mirabella, American baseball player
- 1954 – Louis Sachar, American author
- 1956 – Catherine Ashton, British politician
- 1956 – Anne Donahue, American politician
- 1957 – Vanessa Bell Calloway, American actress
- 1957 – David Foster, Australian world champion woodchopper
- 1957 – Spike Lee, American film director
- 1957 – Theresa Russell, American actress
- 1957 – Chris Wedge, American animator
- 1958 – Holly Hunter, American actress
- 1958 – Rickey Jackson, American football player
- 1959 – Dave Beasant, English football goalkeeper
- 1959 – Steve McFadden, British actor
- 1959 – Sting (Steve Borden), American wrestler
- 1960 – Norm Magnusson, American artist
- 1960 – Norbert Pohlmann, German computer scientist
- 1961 – Ingrid Arndt-Brauer, German politician
- 1961 – Jesper Olsen, Danish footballer
- 1962 – Stephen Sommers, American director and screenwriter
- 1963 – Paul Annacone, American tennis player
- 1963 – Anouk Grinberg, French actress
- 1963 – Yelena Romanova, Russian athlete (d. 2007)
- 1963 – David Thewlis, British actor
- 1963 – Kathy Ireland, American model and actress
- 1963 – Gregg Binkley, American television actor
- 1964 – Natacha Atlas, Belgian singer (Transglobal Underground)
- 1965 – William Dalrymple, Scottish writer and historian
- 1965 – Adrian Oxaal, American-born English musician (James)
- 1966 – Alka Yagnik, Indian singer
- 1967 – Xavier Beauvois, French actor, director and screenwriter
- 1967 – Daron Oshay "Mookie" Blaylock, American basketball player
- 1968 – A. J. Jacobs, American journalist and author
- 1968 – Paul Merson, English footballer
- 1968 – Liza Snyder, American actress
- 1969 – Caroline Brunet, Canadian sprint kayaker
- 1969 – Mannie Fresh (Byron O. Thomas), American rapper and producer (Big Tymers)
- 1969 – Jean Labonté, Canadian sledge hockey player
- 1970 – Michele Jaffe, American novelist
- 1970 – Michael Rapaport, American actor
- 1971 – Manny Alexander, Dominican baseball player
- 1971 – Alexander Chaplin, American actor
- 1971 – Ingrid Kavelaars, Canadian actress
- 1971 – Touré Neblett, American writer and television personality
- 1972 – Alexander Kapranos, Greek-British musician (Franz Ferdinand, The Yummy Fur, and The Karelia)
- 1972 – Marco Sejna, German footballer
- 1973 – Jane March, English actress
- 1973 – Jung Woo-sung, South Korean actor
- 1973 – Cedric Yarbrough, American actor
- 1974 – Paula Garcés, Colombian actress
- 1974 – Andrzej Pilipiuk, Polish writer
- 1976 – Chester Bennington, American musician (Linkin Park and Dead by Sunrise)
- 1979 – Silvia Abascal, Spanish actress
- 1979 – Freema Agyeman, British actress
- 1979 – Molly Jenson, American singer and songwriter
- 1979 – Bianca Lawson, American actress
- 1979 – Keven Mealamu, New Zealand rugby player
- 1979 – Bernard O'Connor, Gaelic Footballer
- 1979 – Fiona Wade, British actress
- 1980 – Jamal Crawford, American basketball player
- 1980 – Ock Ju-Hyun, South Korean singer (Fin.K.L)
- 1981 – Ian Murray, Scottish football player
- 1982 – Terrence Duffin, Zimbabwean cricketer
- 1982 – Tomasz Kuszczak, Polish footballer
- 1982 – José Moreira, Portuguese footballer
- 1984 – Valtteri Filppula, Finnish ice hockey player
- 1984 – Markus Niemelä, Finnish racing driver
- 1984 – Christy Carlson Romano, American actress
- 1984 – Fernando Torres, Spanish footballer
- 1984 – Marcus Vick, American football player
- 1984 – Winta (Winta Efrem Negassi), Norwegian singer and songwriter
- 1985 – Morgan Amalfitano, French footballer
- 1985 – Ronnie Brewer, American basketball player
- 1985 – Nicolas Lombaerts, Belgian footballer
- 1985 – Yoan Merlo, French e-sport gamer
- 1986 – Dean Geyer, South African singer and actor
- 1986 – Ruby Rose Langenheim, Australian model and television personality
- 1986 – Julián Magallanes, Argentine footballer
- 1987 – Daniel Maa Boumsong, Cameroonian football player
- 1987 – Patrick Boyle, Scottish footballer
- 1987 – Pedro Ken (Pedro Ken Morimoto Moreira), Brazilian footballer
- 1987 – Jô (João Alves de Assis Silva), Brazilian footballer
- 1987 – Sergei Kostitsyn, Belarusian hockey player
- 1987 – Kangna Ranaut, Indian actress
- 1988 – Louie Vito, American snowboarder
- 1989 – Xavier Dolan, Canadian actor and filmmaker
- 1989 – Tamim Iqbal, Bangladeshi cricketer
- 1990 – Oliver Hein, German footballer
- 1991 – Mattia Destro, Italian footballer
Deaths
- 220 – Cao Cao, Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty and King of Wei dies.
- 687 – St. Cuthbert, patron saint of Northumbria (b. c. 634)
- 1239 – Hermann von Salza, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (b. c. 1179)
- 1390 – Alexios III, Emperor of Trebizond (b. 1338)
- 1413 – King Henry IV of England (b. 1367)
- 1549 – Lord High Admiral Thomas Seymour, widower of Queen Catherine Parr (b. 1508)
- 1568 – Duke Albert of Prussia (b. 1490)
- 1586 – Richard Maitland, Scottish statesman and historian (b. 1496)
- 1619 – Mathias, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1557)
- 1673 – Augustyn Kordecki, Polish prior (b. 1603)
- 1730 – Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (b. 1692)
- 1732 – Johann Ernst Hanxleden, German philologist (b. 1681)
- 1746 – Nicolas de Largillière, French painter (b. 1656)
- 1780 – Sir Benjamin Truman – English brewer
- 1793 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (b. 1705)
- 1809 – Mary Bateman, English woman executed for witchcraft, known as the "Yorkshire Witch"
- 1835 – Louis Léopold Robert, French painter (b. 1794)
- 1849 – James Justinian Morier, British diplomat and novelist (b. 1780)
- 1855 – Joseph Aspdin, English mason and inventor (b. 1788)
- 1865 – Keisuke Yamanami, Japanese samurai (b. 1833)
- 1874 – Hans Christian Lumbye, Danish composer (b. 1810)
- 1878 – Julius Robert von Mayer, German physician and physicist (b. 1814)
- 1890 – Alexander F. Mozhayskiy, Russian aviation pioneer (b. 1825)
- 1897 – Apollon Maykov, Russian poet (b. 1821)
- 1899 – Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist (b. 1822)
- 1916 – Ota Benga, Congolese pygmy (b. 1884)
- 1918 – Lewis A. Grant, American Civil War General (b. 1828)
- 1925 – Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, British statesman, Viceroy of India (b. 1859)
- 1929 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of allied forces in World War I (b. 1851)
- 1931 – Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
- 1933 – Giuseppe Zangara, American assassin of Anton Cermak and attempted assassin of Franklin Roosevelt (b. 1900)
- 1934 – Queen Emma of the Netherlands (b. 1858)
- 1940 – Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (b. 1860)
- 1947 – Sigurd Wallén, Swedish actor and filmdirector (b. 1884)
- 1958 – Adegoke Adelabu, Nigerian politician (b. 1915)
- 1964 – Brendan Behan, Irish playwright and author (b. 1923)
- 1968 – Carl Theodor Dreyer, Danish film director (b. 1889)
- 1969 – Henri Longchambon, French politician (b. 1896)
- 1970 – Manolis Chiotis, Greek singer, bouzouki player, and composer (b. 1920)
- 1972 – Marilyn Maxwell, American actress (b. 1921)
- 1974 – Chet Huntley, American television journalist (b. 1911)
- 1977 – Terukuni Manzō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 38th Yokozuna (b. 1919)
- 1981 – Gerry Bertier, American wheelchair Olympian (b. 1953)
- 1983 – Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov, Russian mathematician (b. 1891)
- 1990 – Maurice Cloche, French film director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1907)
- 1990 – Lev Yashin, Soviet footballer (b. 1929)
- 1992 – Georges Delerue, French film composer (b. 1925)
- 1993 – Polykarp Kusch, German-born American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1911)
- 1994 – Lewis Grizzard, American humorist (b. 1946)
- 1995 – Big John Studd, American professional wrestler (b. 1948)
- 1997 – V. S. Pritchett, British writer and critic (b. 1900)
- 1997 – Tony Zale, American boxer (b. 1913)
- 1998 – George Howard, American jazz saxophone musician (b. 1956)
- 1998 – Catherine Sauvage, French singer and actress (b. 1929)
- 2000 – Gene Eugene, Canadian singer and actor (Adam Again and Lost Dogs) (b. 1961)
- 2001 – Luis Alvarado, Puerto Rican baseball player (b. 1949)
- 2003 – Sailor Art Thomas, American wrestler (b. 1924)
- 2004 – Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (b. 1909)
- 2004 – Pierre Sévigny, Canadian military officer and politician (b. 1917)
- 2005 – Armand Lohikoski, Finnish film director (b. 1912)
- 2007 – Raynald Fréchette, Canadian judge and political figure (b. 1933)
- 2007 – Gilbert E. Patterson, presiding bishop of COGIC (b. 1939)
- 2007 – Taha Yassin Ramadan, Iraqi politician (b. 1938)
- 2007 – Hawa Yakubu, Ghanaian politician (b. 1948)
- 2008 – Eric Ashton, English rugby league footballer (b. 1935)
- 2008 – Shoban Babu, Indian actor (b. 1937)
- 2008 – Brian Wilde, English actor (b. 1921)
- 2008 – Klaus Dinger, German musician (Neu!, La Düsseldorf, La! Neu?, and Kraftwerk (b. 1946)
- 2009 – Mel Brown, American/Canadian blues guitarist (b. 1939)
- 2010 – Harry Carpenter, English television sports commentator (b. 1925)
- 2010 – Liz Carpenter, American feminist writer (b. 1920)
- 2010 – Girija Prasad Koirala, Nepalese politician (b. 1925)
- 2010 – Stewart Udall, American politician, environmentalist (b. 1920)
- 2011 – Johnny Pearson, British Composer (b. 1925)
- 2012 – Lincoln Hall, Australian mountaineer and author (b. 1955)
Holidays and observances
External links
Months and days of the year
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