April 25 is the 115th day of the year (116th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 250 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 404 BC – Peloponnesian War: Lysander's Spartan Armies defeated the Athenians and the war ends.
- 1134 – The name Zagreb was mentioned for the first time in the Felician Charter relating to the establishment of the Zagreb Bishopric around 1094.
- 1607 – Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.
- 1644 – The Chongzhen Emperor, the last Emperor of Ming Dynasty China, commits suicide during a peasant rebellion led by Li Zicheng.
- 1707 – The Habsburg army is defeated by Bourbon army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession.
- 1792 – Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine.
- 1792 – La Marseillaise (the French national anthem) is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.
- 1804 – The western Georgian kingdom of Imereti accepts the suzerainty of the Russian Empire
- 1829 – Charles Fremantle arrives in HMS Challenger off the coast of modern-day Western Australia prior to declaring the Swan River Colony for the United Kingdom.
- 1846 – Thornton Affair: Open conflict begins over the disputed border of Texas, triggering the Mexican-American War.
- 1847 – The last survivors of the Donner Party are out of the wilderness.
- 1849 – The Governor General of Canada, Lord Elgin, signs the Rebellion Losses Bill, outraging Montreal's English population and triggering the Montreal Riots.
- 1859 – British and French engineers break ground for the Suez Canal.
- 1861 – American Civil War: The Union Army arrives in Washington, D.C.
- 1862 – American Civil War: Forces under Union Admiral David Farragut demand the surrender of the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana.
- 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Marks' Mills.
- 1898 – Spanish-American War: The United States declares war on Spain.
- 1901 – New York becomes the first U.S. state to require automobile license plates.
Anzac Beach – Australian and New Zealand forces invade Turkey
- 1915 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli begins—The invasion of the Turkish Gallipoli Peninsula by Australian, British, French and New Zealand troops begins with landings at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles.
- 1916 – Easter Rebellion: The United Kingdom declares martial law in Ireland.
- 1916 – Anzac Day is commemorated for the first time on the first anniversary of the landing at Anzac Cove.
- 1920 – At the San Remo conference, the principal Allied Powers of World War I adopt a resolution to determine the allocation of Class "A" League of Nations mandates for administration of the former Ottoman-ruled lands of the Middle East.
- 1938 – U.S. Supreme Court delivers its opinion in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and overturns a century of federal common law.
- 1939 – DC Comics publishes its second major superhero in Detective Comics #27; he is Batman, one of the most popular comic book superheroes of all time.
- 1943 – The Demyansk Shield for German troops in commemoration of Demyansk Pocket is instituted.
- 1944 – The United Negro College Fund is incorporated.
- 1945 – Elbe Day: United States and Soviet troops meet in Torgau along the River Elbe, cutting the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany in two, a milestone in the approaching end of World War II in Europe.
- 1945 – The Nazi occupation army surrenders and leaves Northern Italy after a general partisan insurrection by the Italian resistance movement; the puppet fascist regime dissolves and Benito Mussolini tries to escape. This day is taken as symbolic of the Liberation of Italy.
- 1945 – Fifty nations gather in San Francisco, California to begin the United Nations Conference on International Organizations.
- 1945 – The last German troops retreat from Finland's soil in Lapland, ending the Lapland War. Military acts of Second World War end in Finland.
- 1953 – Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" describing the double helix structure of DNA.
- 1959 – The St. Lawrence Seaway, linking the North American Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, officially opens to shipping.
- 1960 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Triton completes the first submerged circumnavigation of the globe.
- 1961 – Robert Noyce is granted a patent for an integrated circuit.
- 1965 – Teenage sniper Michael Andrew Clark kills three and wounds six others shooting from a hilltop along Highway 101 just south of Santa Maria, California.
- 1966 – The city of Tashkent is destroyed by a huge earthquake.
- 1972 – Vietnam War: Nguyen Hue Offensive – The North Vietnamese 320th Division forces 5,000 South Vietnamese troops to retreat and traps about 2,500 others northwest of Kontum.
- 1974 – Carnation Revolution: A leftist military coup in Portugal overthrows the fascist Estado Novo regime and establishes a democratic government.
- 1975 – As North Vietnamese forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost ten years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.
- 1981 – More than 100 workers are exposed to radiation during repairs of a nuclear power plant in Tsuruga, Japan.
- 1982 – Israel completes its withdrawal from the Sinai peninsula per the Camp David Accords.
- 1983 – American schoolgirl Samantha Smith is invited to visit the Soviet Union by its leader Yuri Andropov after he read her letter in which she expressed fears about nuclear war.
- 1983 – Pioneer 10 travels beyond Pluto's orbit.
- 1986 – Mswati III is crowned King of Swaziland, succeeding his father Sobhuza II.
- 1988 – In Israel, John Demjanuk is sentenced to death for war crimes committed in World War II.
- 2003 – The Human Genome Project comes to an end two and a half years earlier than expected.
- 2005 – The final piece of the Obelisk of Axum is returned to Ethiopia after being stolen by the invading Italian army in 1937.
- 2005 – Bulgaria and Romania sign accession treaties to join the European Union.
- 2005 – 107 die in Amagasaki rail crash in Japan.
- 2007 – Boris Yeltsin's funeral – the first to be sanctioned by the Russian Orthodox Church for a head of state since the funeral of Emperor Alexander III in 1894.
- 2011 – At least 300 people killed in deadliest tornado outbreak in the Southern United States since the 1974 Super Outbreak.
Births
- 1214 – Louis IX of France (d. 1270)
- 1228 – Conrad IV of Germany (d. 1254)
- 1284 – Edward II of England (d. 1327)
- 1287 – Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (d. 1330)
- 1502 – Georg Major, German theologian (d. 1574)
- 1599 – Oliver Cromwell, English military and political leader, 1st Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (d. 1658)
- 1608 – Gaston, Duke of Orléans (d. 1660)
- 1621 – Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, English soldier, statesman, and dramatist (d. 1679)
- 1666 – Johann Heinrich Buttstett, German organist and composer (d. 1727)
- 1694 – Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English architect (d. 1753)
- 1710 – James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer (d. 1776)
- 1723 – Giovanni Marco Rutini, Italian composer (d. 1797)
- 1725 – Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, English admiral (d. 1786)
- 1767 – Nicolas Oudinot, French marshal (d. 1847)
- 1770 – Georg Sverdrup, Norwegian philologist (d. 1850)
- 1775 – Charlotte of Spain (d. 1830)
- 1776 – Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (d. 1857)
- 1843 – Alice of the United Kingdom (d. 1878)
- 1849 – Felix Klein, German mathematician (d. 1925)
- 1850 – Luise Adolpha Le Beau, German composer (d. 1927)
- 1851 – Leopoldo Alas, Spanish novelist (d. 1901)
- 1862 – Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon, English statesman and politician (d. 1933)
- 1868 – John Bevins Moisant, American aviator (d. 1910)
- 1873 – Walter de la Mare, English poet (d. 1956)
- 1874 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor and developed Marconi's law, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1937)
- 1876 – Jacob Nicol, Canadian publisher and politician (d. 1958)
- 1897 – Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood (d. 1965)
- 1898 – Fred Haney, American baseball player, manager, and coach (d. 1977)
- 1900 – Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- 1902 – Werner Heyde, German psychiatrist (d. 1964)
- 1903 – Andrey Nikolayevich Kolmogorov, Russian mathematician (d. 1987)
- 1905 – George Nepia, New Zealand rugby player (d. 1986)
- 1906 – William J. Brennan, American Supreme Court Justice (d. 1997)
- 1908 – Edward R. Murrow, American journalist (d. 1965)
- 1909 – William Pereira, American architect (d. 1985)
- 1913 – Nikolaos Roussen, Greek naval officer (d. 1944)
- 1913 – Earl Bostic, American jazz musician (d. 1965)
- 1914 – Ross Lockridge, Jr., American writer (d. 1948)
- 1917 – Ella Fitzgerald, American singer (d. 1996)
- 1918 – Gerard Henri de Vaucouleurs, French astronomer (d. 1995)
- 1918 – Astrid Varnay, Swedish soprano (d. 2006)
- 1919 – Finn Helgesen, Norwegian speed skater (d. 2011)
- 1920 – Jean Carmet, French actor (d. 1994)
- 1921 – Karel Appel, Dutch painter (d. 2006)
- 1923 – Melissa Hayden, American ballerina (d. 2006)
- 1923 – Albert King, American singer-songwriter, musician, and producer (d. 1992)
- 1924 – Franco Mannino, Italian composer, playwright, and novelist (d. 2005)
- 1925 – Sammy Drechsel, German journalist, director, and cabaret performer (d. 1986)
- 1925 – Kay E. Kuter, American actor (d. 2003)
- 1925 – Louis O'Neil, Canadian professor and politician
- 1926 – Gertrude Fröhlich-Sandner, Austrian politician (d. 2008)
- 1927 – Albert Uderzo, French cartoonist
- 1927 – Corín Tellado, Spanish novelist (d. 2009)
- 1928 – Vassar Clements, American musician (Old and in the Way) (d. 2005)
- 1929 – Yvette Williams, New Zealand athlete
- 1930 – Paul Mazursky, American director and writer
- 1931 – Felix Berezin, Russian mathematician (d. 1980)
- 1932 – Meadowlark Lemon, American basketball player
- 1932 – William Roache, English actor
- 1933 – Jerry Leiber, American songwriter and producer (d. 2011)
- 1933 – Joyce Ricketts, American baseball player (d. 1992)
- 1934 – Peter McParland, Irish footballer
- 1935 – April Ashley, English model
- 1935 – Reinier Kreijermaat, Dutch footballer
- 1938 – Roger Boisjoly, American engineer (d. 2012)
- 1938 – Ton Schulten, Dutch artist
- 1939 – Ted Kooser, American poet
- 1940 – Jochen Borchert, German politician
- 1940 – Al Pacino, American actor
- 1941 – Bertrand Tavernier, French director, screenwriter, and actor
- 1941 – Princess Muna al-Hussein
- 1942 – Jon Kyl, American politician
- 1942 – Katsuji Adachi, Japanese wrestler
- 1944 – Len Goodman, English dancer
- 1945 – Stu Cook, American singer and musician (Creedence Clearwater Revival, Southern Pacific, and Creedence Clearwater Revisited)
- 1945 – Richard C. Hoagland, American conspiracy theorist and author
- 1945 – Björn Ulvaeus, Swedish singer-songwriter, musician, and producer (ABBA and Hootenanny Singers)
- 1946 – Talia Shire, American actress
- 1946 – Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Russian politician
- 1947 – Johan Cruijff, Dutch footballer
- 1947 – Jeffrey DeMunn, American actor
- 1948 – Yu Shyi-kun, Taiwanese politician
- 1949 – Michael Brown, American musician and songwriter (The Left Banke and Stories)
- 1949 – James Fenton, English poet
- 1949 – Vicente Pernía, Argentine footballer
- 1949 – Dominique Strauss-Kahn, French economist, lawyer, and politician
- 1950 – Steve Ferrone, English drummer (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and Average White Band
- 1950 – Peter Jurasik, American actor
- 1951 – Da'i Bachtiar, Chief of Indonesian National Police
- 1951 – Ian McCartney, British politician
- 1952 – Ketil Bjørnstad, Norwegian pianist and composer
- 1952 – Vladislav Tretiak, Soviet ice hockey player
- 1953 – Ron Clements, American animator, director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1954 – Randy Cross, American football player
- 1955 – Américo Gallego, Argentine footballer
- 1955 – Parviz Parastui, Iranian actor
- 1955 – Christopher Tyng, American composer
- 1956 – Dominique Blanc, French actress
- 1956 – Jaroslava Schallerová, Czech actress
- 1957 – Theo de Rooij, Dutch bicycle racer
- 1958 – Fish, Scottish singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (Marillion)
- 1959 – Tony Phillips, American baseball player
- 1960 – Bruce Redman, Australian director, critic and radio personality
- 1961 – Dinesh D'Souza, American author
- 1962 – Foeke Booy, Dutch footballer and manager
- 1963 – Philippine Leroy-Beaulieu, French actress
- 1963 – David Moyes, Scottish footballer
- 1963 – Bernd Müller, German footballer
- 1964 – Hank Azaria, American actor, director, and comedian
- 1964 – Andy Bell, English singer-songwriter and DJ (Erasure)
- 1965 – Eric Avery, American musician and songwriter (Jane's Addiction, Deconstruction, and Polar Bear)
- 1965 – Mark Bryant, American basketball player
- 1965 – Simon Fowler, English singer and musician (Ocean Colour Scene)
- 1966 – Man Arenas, Spanish comic creator
- 1966 – James Stacy Barbour, American actor and singer
- 1966 – Diego Domínguez, Argentine-Italian rugby player
- 1966 – Femke Halsema, Dutch politician
- 1966 – Erik Pappas, Greek-American baseball player
- 1966 – Darren Holmes, American baseball player
- 1966 – Rubén Sosa, Uruguayan footballer
- 1969 – Joe Buck, American broadcaster
- 1969 – Martin Koolhoven, Dutch film director and screenwriter
- 1969 – Gina Torres, American actress
- 1969 – Darren Woodson, American football player
- 1969 – Renée Zellweger, American actress
- 1970 – Jason Lee, American actor
- 1970 – Jason Wiles, American actor
- 1970 – Tomoko Kawakami, Japanese voice actress (d. 2011)
- 1970 – Steve Tovar, American football player
- 1971 – Sara Baras, Spanish dancer
- 1971 – Brad Clontz American baseball player
- 1973 – Fredrik Larzon, Swedish drummer (Millencolin)
- 1974 – Dean Phoenix American porn actor
- 1974 – Louis Alphonse, Duke of Anjou
- 1975 – Emily Bergl, British-American actress
- 1975 – Jacque Jones, American baseball player
- 1976 – Tim Duncan, American basketball player
- 1976 – Gilberto da Silva Melo, Brazilian footballer
- 1976 – Rainer Schüttler, German tennis player
- 1976 – Kim Jong Kook, South Korean singer (Turbo)
- 1977 – Constantinos Christoforou, Cypriot singer-songwriter (One)
- 1977 – Ilias Kotsios, Greek footballer
- 1977 – Marguerite Moreau, American actress
- 1977 – Paavo Siljamäki, Finnish musician and producer (Above & Beyond)
- 1977 – Matthew West, American singer-songwriter and musician
- 1978 – Letícia Birkheuer, Brazilian model
- 1978 – Matt Walker, British swimmer
- 1980 – Daniel MacPherson, Australian actor
- 1980 – Bruce Martin, New Zealand cricketer
- 1980 – Kazuhito Tadano, Japanese baseball player
- 1980 – Alejandro Valverde, Spanish cyclist
- 1981 – Dwone Hicks, American football player
- 1981 – Felipe Massa, Brazilian race car driver
- 1981 – John McFall, English sprinter
- 1981 – Anja Pärson, Swedish skier
- 1982 – Brian Barton, American baseball player
- 1982 – Monty Panesar, English cricketer
- 1982 – Marco Russo, Italian footballer
- 1983 – DeAngelo Williams, American football player
- 1983 – J.P. Howell, American baseball player
- 1983 – Joanne Peh, Singaporean actress
- 1984 – Robert Andino, American baseball player
- 1984 – Melonie Diaz, American actress
- 1984 – Andre' Woodson, American football player
- 1985 – Giedo van der Garde, Dutch race car driver
- 1985 – Jadyn Maria, Puerto Rican singer-songwriter
- 1986 – Alexei Emelin, Russian ice hockey player
- 1986 – Claudia Rath, German heptathlete
- 1987 – Jay Park, Korean-American singer-songwriter, dancer, producer, and actor (2PM)
- 1987 – Johann Smith, American soccer player
- 1988 – James Sheppard, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1989 – Marie-Michèle Gagnon, Canadian alpine ski racer
- 1989 – Michael van Gerwen, Dutch darts player
- 1989 – Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, 11th Panchen Lama
- 1990 – Taylor Walker, Australian rules footballer
- 1996 – Allisyn Ashley Arm, American actress
Deaths
- 68 – Mark the Evangelist, the first Pope of Alexandria and the founder of Church of Alexandria
- 501 – Rusticus, French archbishop
- 1077 – Géza I of Hungary (b. 1040)
- 1265 – Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester, English crusader (b. 1195)
- 1295 – Sancho IV of Castile (b. 1258)
- 1472 – Leon Battista Alberti, Italian artist, poet, and philosopher (b. 1404)
- 1516 – John Yonge, English diplomat (b. 1467)
- 1566 – Diane de Poitiers,French noblewoman, mistress of King Henry II of France (b. 1499)
- 1566 – Louise Labé, French poet (b. 1520s)
- 1595 – Torquato Tasso, Italian poet (b. 1544)
- 1605 – Naresuan, King of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (b. 1555)
- 1644 – Chongzhen Emperor of China (b. 1611)
- 1660 – Henry Hammond, English churchman (b. 1605)
- 1690 – David Teniers the Younger, Flemish artist (b. 1610)
- 1744 – Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer (b. 1701)
- 1770 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot and physicist (b. 1700)
- 1800 – William Cowper, English poet (b. 1731)
- 1840 – Siméon Denis Poisson, French mathematician (b. 1781)
- 1875 – Trinley Gyatso, 12th Dalai Lama (b. 1857)
- 1878 – Anna Sewell, English author (b. 1820)
- 1891 – Nathaniel Woodard, English priest and educator (b. 1811)
- 1892 – Henri Duveyrier, French explorer (b. 1840)
- 1906 – John Knowles Paine, American composer (b. 1839)
- 1911 – Emilio Salgari, Italian novelist (b. 1862)
- 1915 – Frederick W. Seward, American lawyer, writer, editor, and politician, United States Assistant Secretary of State (b. 1830)
- 1919 – Augustus D. Juilliard, American businessman (b. 1836)
- 1923 – Louis-Olivier Taillon, Canadian politician (b. 1840)
- 1928 – Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, Russian army officer (b. 1878)
- 1937 – Michał Drzymała, Polish rebel (b. 1857)
- 1943 – Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Russian director (b. 1858)
- 1944 – George Herriman, American author (b. 1880)
- 1944 – Tony Mullane, Irish-American baseball player (b. 1859)
- 1968 – Walter Tewksbury, American athlete (b. 1876)
- 1972 – George Sanders, English actor (b. 1906)
- 1973 – Olga Grey, Hungarian-American actress (b. 1896)
- 1975 – Mike Brant, Israeli singer (b. 1947)
- 1976 – Carol Reed, English producer and director (b. 1906)
- 1976 – Markus Reiner, Israeli scientist (b. 1886)
- 1978 – Lee Kim Lai, Singaporean police officer (b. 1960)
- 1980 – Katia Mann, German socialite, wife of Thomas Mann (b. 1883)
- 1982 – John Cody, American cardinal (b. 1907)
- 1983 – William S. Bowdern, American Jesuit Roman Catholic priest and author (b. 1897)
- 1988 – Valerie Solanas, American writer, attempted assassin of Andy Warhol (b. 1936)
- 1990 – Dexter Gordon, American saxophonist and actor (b. 1923)
- 1992 – Yutaka Ozaki, Japanese singer and musician (b. 1965)
- 1995 – Andria Balanchivadze, Georgian composer (b. 1906)
- 1995 – Art Fleming, American game show host (b. 1925)
- 1995 – Ginger Rogers, American actress and dancer (b. 1911)
- 1996 – Saul Bass, American graphics designer (b. 1920)
- 1998 – Wright Morris, American writer (b. 1910)
- 1998 – Christian Mortensen, Danish-American supercentenarian (b. 1882)
- 1999 – Larry Troutman, American musician (Zapp) (b. 1944)
- 1999 – Roger Troutman, American singer-songwriter, musician, and producer (Zapp) (b. 1951)
- 1999 – Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin, Irish journalist, author, and sports official (b. 1914)
- 2000 – David Merrick, American producer (b. 1911)
- 2000 – Lucien le Cam, French mathematician (b. 1924)
- 2001 – Michele Alboreto, Italian race car driver (b. 1956)
- 2002 – Indra Devi, Russian yoga teacher and actress (b. 1899)
- 2002 – Lisa Lopes, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (TLC) (b. 1971)
- 2002 – Athanasios Papoulis, Greek-American engineer and mathematician (b. 1921)
- 2003 – Samson Kitur, Kenyan athlete (b. 1966)
- 2004 – Thom Gunn, English poet (b. 1929)
- 2005 – Hasil Adkins, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1937)
- 2005 – Swami Ranganathananda, Indian monk (b. 1908)
- 2006 – Jane Jacobs, American-Canadian writer and activist (b. 1916)
- 2007 – Alan Ball, English footballer (b. 1945)
- 2007 – Arthur Milton, English footballer and cricketer (b. 1928)
- 2007 – Bobby Pickett, American singer and songwriter (b. 1938)
- 2008 – Humphrey Lyttelton, English jazz musician and broadcaster (b. 1921)
- 2009 – Bea Arthur, American comedienne, actress, and singer (b. 1922)
- 2010 – Dorothy Provine, American singer, dancer, actress, and comedienne (b. 1935)
- 2012 – Louis le Brocquy, Irish painter (b. 1916)
Holidays and observances
External links
Months and days of the year
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