July 11 is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 173 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in the Old St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
- 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
- 1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) – a coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France's royal army.
- 1346 – Charles IV of Luxembourg is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1405 – Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.
- 1476 – Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances.
- 1533 – Pope Clement VII excommunicates Henry VIII of England.
- 1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
- 1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
- 1735 – Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that dwarf planet Pluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune for the last time before 1979.
- 1740 – Pogrom: Jews are expelled from Little Russia.
- 1750 – Halifax, Nova Scotia is almost completely destroyed by fire.
- 1776 – Captain James Cook begins his third voyage.
- 1789 – Jacques Necker is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille.
- 1796 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
- 1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.
- 1801 – French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons made his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovered another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.
- 1804 – A duel occurs in which the Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr mortally wounds former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
- 1833 – Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.
- 1848 – Waterloo railway station in London opens.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Stevens; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C..
- 1882 – The British Mediterranean fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War.
- 1889 – Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.
- 1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kokichi Mikimoto.
- 1893 – A revolution led by the liberal general and politician, José Santos Zelaya, takes over state power in Nicaragua.
- 1895 – The Lumière brothers demonstrate film technology to scientists.
- 1897 – Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.
- 1906 – The Gillette-Brown murder inspires Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy.
- 1914 – Babe Ruth makes his debut in Major League Baseball.
- 1919 – The eight-hour working day and free Sunday become law in the Netherlands.
- 1920 – In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany
- 1921 – A truce is called in the Irish War of Independence; see Irish calendar.
- 1921 – Former U.S. President William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person to ever be both President and Chief Justice.
- 1921 – The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.
- 1922 – The Hollywood Bowl opens.
- 1930 – Australian cricketer Donald Bradman scores a world record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the highest individual Test innings of 334, during a Test match against England.
- 1936 – The Triborough Bridge in New York, New York is opened to traffic.
- 1940 – World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France.
- 1943 – Massacres of Poles in Volhynia.
- 1943 – World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily – German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily.
- 1947 – The Exodus 1947 heads to Palestine from France.
- 1950 – Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.
- 1957 – Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismaili worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III.
- 1960 – Independence of Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger.
- 1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published.
- 1960 – Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- 1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
- 1962 – Project Apollo: At a press conference, NASA announces Lunar Orbit Rendezvous as the means to land astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.
- 1971 – Copper mines in Chile are nationalized.
- 1972 – The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts.
- 1973 – Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris, France on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on-board.
- 1977 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
- 1978 – Los Alfaques Disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain killing 216 tourists.
- 1979 – America's first space station, Skylab, is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.
- 1983 – A Boeing 737 crashes into hilly terrain after a tail strike in Cuenca, Ecuador, claiming 119 lives.
- 1990 – Oka Crisis: First Nations land dispute in Quebec, Canada begins.
- 1991 – A Nationair DC-8 crashes during an emergency landing at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, killing 261.
- 1995 – A Cubana de Aviación Antonov An-24 crashes into the Caribbean off southeast Cuba killing 44 people.
- 1995 – The Srebrenica massacre was carried out.
- 2006 – 209 people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in Mumbai, India.
- 2012 – Astronomers announce the discovery of S/2012 P 1, the fifth moon of Pluto.
Births
- 154 – Bardaisan, Syrian scientist, scholar, astrologer, philosopher, and poet (d. 222)
- 1274 – Robert the Bruce, Scottish king (d. 1329)
- 1558 – Robert Greene, English author (d. 1592)
- 1561 – Luis de Góngora, Spanish poet (d. 1627)
- 1603 – Kenelm Digby, English courtier and diplomat (d. 1665)
- 1628 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese warlord (d. 1701)
- 1653 – Sarah Good, American woman accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials (d. 1692)
- 1657 – Frederick I of Prussia (d. 1713)
- 1662 – Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1726)
- 1709 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist (d. 1785)
- 1723 – Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and writer (d. 1799)
- 1751 – Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (d. 1775)
- 1754 – Thomas Bowdler, English physician and philanthropist (d. 1825)
- 1767 – John Quincy Adams, American politician, 6th President of the United States (d. 1848)
- 1826 – Alexander Afanasyev, Russian folklorist (d. 1871)
- 1832 – Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek politician (d. 1896)
- 1836 – Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian composer (d. 1896)
- 1846 – Léon Bloy, French writer (d. 1917)
- 1850 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary (d. 1938)
- 1851 – Millie and Christine McCoy, American conjoined twins (d. 1912)
- 1864 – Peter Deunov, Bulgarian spiritual teacher (d. 1944)
- 1866 – Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1953)
- 1882 – James Larkin White, miner, explorer, and park ranger, discovered the Carlsbad Caverns (d. 1946)
- 1886 – Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter (d. 1939)
- 1888 – Carl Schmitt, German philosopher and theorist (d. 1985)
- 1892 – Thomas Mitchell, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1962)
- 1895 – Dorothy Wilde, English socialite (d. 1941)
- 1897 – Bull Connor, American police officer (d. 1973)
- 1899 – E. B. White, American writer (d. 1985)
- 1903 – Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher, Soviet intelligence officer (d. 1971)
- 1903 – Sidney Franklin, American bullfighter (d. 1976)
- 1904 – Niño Ricardo, Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 1972)
- 1906 – Herbert Wehner, German politician (d. 1990)
- 1910 – Irene Hervey, American actress (d. 1998)
- 1911 – Erna Flegel, German nurse (d. 2006)
- 1912 – William F. Walsh, American politician (d. 2011)
- 1913 – Cordwainer Smith, American writer (d. 1966)
- 1916 – Alexander Prokhorov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
- 1916 – Reg Varney, English actor (d. 2008)
- 1916 – Gough Whitlam, Australian politician, 21st Prime Minister of Australia
- 1918 – Venetia Burney, English girl who named of the dwarf planet Pluto (d. 2009)
- 1920 – Yul Brynner, Russian actor (d. 1985)
- 1920 – James von Brunn, American author and murderer, committed the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting (d. 2010)
- 1921 – Ilse Werner, Dutch actress (d. 2005)
- 1922 – Gene Evans, American actor (d. 1998)
- 1923 – Richard Pipes, American historian
- 1924 – César Lattes, Brazilian physicist (d. 2005)
- 1924 – Brett Somers, Canadian actress (d. 2007)
- 1924 – Charlie Tully, Irish footballer (d. 1971)
- 1925 – Nicolai Gedda, Swedish tenor
- 1925 – Peter Kyros, American politician (d. 2012)
- 1926 – Peter Bennett, Australian footballer (d. 2012)
- 1926 – Frederick Buechner, American minister and author
- 1929 – Danny Flores, singer-songwriter and saxophonist (The Champs) (d. 2006)
- 1929 – David Kelly, Irish actor (d. 2012)
- 1929 – Hermann Prey, German opera singer (d. 1998)
- 1930 – Harold Bloom, American writer and critic
- 1931 – Thurston Harris, American singer (d. 1990)
- 1931 – Tab Hunter, American actor
- 1931 – Tullio Regge, Italian physicist
- 1932 – Jean-Guy Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1933 – Jim Carlen, American football player and coach (d. 2012)
- 1934 – Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer, founded the Armani Company
- 1935 – Frederick Hemke, American saxophonist and educator
- 1935 – Oliver Napier, Irish politician (d. 2011)
- 1937 – Pai Hsien-yung, Taiwanese writer
- 1938 – Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, American scholar and historian
- 1940 – Yvon Charbonneau, Canadian politician
- 1941 – Clive Puzey, Zimbabwean race car driver
- 1943 – Oscar D'León, Venezuelan bass player (Dimensión Latina)
- 1943 – Howard Gardner, American psychologist
- 1943 – Peter Jensen, Australian archbishop
- 1943 – Robert Malval, Haitian politician, 5th Prime Minister of Haiti
- 1943 – Rolf Stommelen, German race car driver (d. 1983)
- 1944 – Patricia Polacco, American author and illustrator
- 1945 – Patrick Joseph McGrath, Irish-American bishop
- 1946 – Cuthbert Johnson, English liturgist and abbot
- 1946 – Beverly Todd American actress
- 1947 – Bo Lundgren, Swedish politician
- 1949 – Liona Boyd, English-Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and composer
- 1949 – Tom Emanski, American baseball player
- 1950 – Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani physicist
- 1950 – Bruce McGill, American actor
- 1950 – J. R. Morgan, English writer and scholar
- 1950 – Bonnie Pointer, American singer (The Pointer Sisters)
- 1951 – Robert R. McCammon, American author
- 1951 – Ed Ott, American baseball player
- 1952 – Bill Barber, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1952 – John Kettley, English weatherman
- 1953 – Angélica Aragón, Mexican actress
- 1953 – Peter Brown, American singer-songwriter and producer
- 1953 – Cats Falck, Swedish journalist
- 1953 – Samuel Hinds, American baseball player
- 1953 – Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu, Indian member of the 14th Lok Sabha
- 1953 – Wu Shu-chen, Chinese wife of Chen Shui-bian
- 1953 – Patricia Reyes Spíndola, Mexican actress, director, and producer
- 1953 – Leon Spinks, American boxer
- 1953 – Mindy Sterling, American actress
- 1953 – Ivan Toms, South African physician
- 1953 – Bramwell Tovey, English conductor and composer
- 1953 – Paul Weiland, English director, writer, and producer
- 1954 – Butch Reed, American wrestler
- 1955 – Balaji Sadasivan, Singaporean politician and neurosurgeon (d. 2010)
- 1956 – Sela Ward, American actress
- 1957 – Peter Murphy, English singer and musician (Bauhaus and Dalis Car)
- 1957 – Michael Rose, Jamaican singer-songwriter (Black Uhuru)
- 1958 – Hugo Sánchez, Mexican footballer
- 1958 – Andrew Gilbert-Scott, English race car driver
- 1959 – Dave Bennett, English footballer
- 1959 – Richie Sambora, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Bon Jovi)
- 1959 – Suzanne Vega, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1960 – David Baerwald American singer-songwriter, musician, and composer (David & David)
- 1962 – Gaétan Duchesne, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
- 1962 – Pauline McLynn, Irish actress
- 1963 – Al MacInnis, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1963 – Lisa Rinna, American actress
- 1964 – Craig Charles, English actor
- 1964 – Kyril, Prince of Preslav
- 1965 – Tony Cottee, English footballer
- 1965 – Ernesto Hoost, Dutch kick-boxer
- 1965 – Scott Shriner, American singer and musician (Weezer)
- 1966 – Greg Grunberg, American actor
- 1966 – Kentaro Miura, Japanese writer and illustrator
- 1966 – Mick Molloy, Australian comedian, writer, and producer
- 1966 – Rod Strickland, American basketball player
- 1967 – Andy Ashby, American baseball player
- 1967 – Jeff Corwin, American naturalist, television host, and producer
- 1967 – Donne Wall, American baseball player
- 1968 – Michael Geist, Canadian writer and academic
- 1968 – Daniel MacMaster, Canadian singer (Bonham) (d. 2008)
- 1968 – Esera Tuaolo, American football player
- 1969 – David Tao, Taiwanese singer-songwriter
- 1970 – Justin Chambers, American actor
- 1971 – Leisha Hailey, American singer-songwriter and actress (Uh Huh Her and The Murmurs)
- 1972 – Jussi 69, Finnish drummer (The 69 Eyes)
- 1972 – Steven Richards, Australian race car driver
- 1972 – Michael Rosenbaum, American actor
- 1973 – Andrew Bird, American singer-songwriter and musician (Squirrel Nut Zippers and Andrew Bird's Bowl of Fire)
- 1973 – Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek runner
- 1974 – Alanas Chošnau, Lithuanian singer-songwriter
- 1974 – Hermann Hreiðarsson, Icelandic footballer
- 1974 – André Ooijer, Dutch footballer
- 1975 – Bridgette Andersen, American actress (d. 1997)
- 1975 – Willie Anderson, American football player
- 1975 – Rubén Baraja, Spanish footballer
- 1975 – Riona Hazuki, Japanese actress
- 1975 – Lil' Kim, American rapper and actress
- 1975 – Samer el Nahhal, Finnish singer and bass player (Lordi)
- 1975 – Nadya Suleman, American mother of octuplets
- 1976 – Eduardo Nájera, Mexican basketball player
- 1977 – Brandon Short, American football player
- 1978 – Massimiliano Rosolino, Italian swimmer
- 1979 – Raio Piiroja, Estonian footballer
- 1979 – Lauris Reiniks, Latvian singer-songwriter and actor
- 1980 – Tyson Kidd, Canadian wrestler
- 1980 – Lim Soo-jung, South Korean actress
- 1981 – Carla Campbell, Jamaican model
- 1981 – Andre Johnson, American football player
- 1982 – Chris Cooley, American football player
- 1982 – Lil Zane, American rapper and actor
- 1983 – Peter Cincotti, American singer-songwriter and pianist
- 1983 – Kelly Poon, Singaporean singer
- 1983 – Evan Roberts, American sportscaster
- 1983 – Marie Serneholt, Swedish singer and dancer (A*Teens)
- 1983 – Kellie Shirley, English actress
- 1984 – Yorman Bazardo, Venezuelan baseball player
- 1984 – Tanith Belbin, Canadian-American ice dancer
- 1984 – Hitomi Hyuga, Japanese actress
- 1984 – Hokuto "Hok" Konishi, Japanese-American dancer
- 1984 – Rachael Taylor, Australian actress
- 1985 – Robert Adamson, American actor
- 1985 – Aki Maeda, Japanese actress
- 1986 – Yoann Gourcuff, French footballer
- 1986 – Ryan Jarvis, English footballer
- 1987 – Shigeaki Kato, Japanese singer and actor (NEWS and K.K.Kity)
- 1988 – Yuka Iguchi, Japanese voice actress
- 1989 – Shareeka Epps, American actress
- 1989 – David Henrie, American actor
- 1989 – Liel Kolet, Israeli singer
- 1990 – Mona Barthel, German tennis player
- 1990 – George Craig, English singer-songwriter and model (One Night Only)
- 1990 – Adam Jezierski, Polish-Spanish actor
- 1990 – Connor Paolo, American actor
- 1990 – Patrick Peterson, American football player
- 1990 – Kelsey Sanders, American actress and singer
- 1990 – Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player
- 1991 – Alice Svensson, Swedish singer
- 1992 – Isabelle Deluce, Canadian actress
- 1993 – Rebecca Bross, American gymnast
- 1993 – Georgia Henshaw, Welsh actress
- 1995 – Tyler Medeiros, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer
- 2000 – Jeremy "(The JNO)" Garcia, American actor, dancer, singer, songwriter
Deaths
- 472 – Anthemius, Roman Emperor (b. 420)
- 937 – Rudolph II of Burgundy
- 969 – Olga of Kiev (b. 890)
- 1174 – Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
- 1183 – Otto I of Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1117)
- 1302 – Robert II, Count of Artois, French soldier (b. 1250)
- 1535 – Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1484)
- 1581 – Peder Skram, Danish senator and soldier (b. 1503)
- 1593 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (b. 1527)
- 1599 – Chōsokabe Motochika, Japanese daiymo (b.1539)
- 1679 – William Chamberlayne, English poet (b. 1619)
- 1688 – Narai Thai king (b. 1629)
- 1766 – Elisabeth Farnese, Spanish wife of Philip V of Spain (b. 1692)
- 1774 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-English commander (b. 1715)
- 1775 – Simon Boerum, American politician (b. 1724)
- 1797 – Ienăchiţă Văcărescu, Romanian poet, historian, and philologist (b. 1740)
- 1806 – James Smith, Irish-American signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b. 1719)
- 1825 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American soldier (b. 1744)
- 1844 – Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (b. 1800)
- 1905 – Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian jurist and scholar (b. 1849)
- 1909 – Simon Newcomb, American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835)
- 1920 – Eugénie de Montijo, French wife of Napoleon III (b. 1826)
- 1929 – Billy Mosforth, English footballer (b. 1857)
- 1936 – James Murray, American actor (b. 1901)
- 1937 – George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898)
- 1959 – Charlie Parker, English cricketer (b. 1882)
- 1966 – Delmore Schwartz, American poet (b. 1913)
- 1967 – Guy Favreau, Canadian lawyer, politician, and judge (b. 1917)
- 1971 – John W. Campbell, American writer and editor (b. 1910)
- 1971 – Pedro Rodríguez, Mexican race car driver (b. 1940)
- 1974 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
- 1976 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet (b. 1895)
- 1979 – Claude Wagner, Canadian judge and politician (b. 1925)
- 1983 – Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian writer (b. 1915)
- 1987 – Avi Ran, Israeli footballer (b. 1963)
- 1987 – Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman, American scholar and Rabbi (b. 1901)
- 1989 – Laurence Olivier,English actor (b. 1907)
- 1991 – Hitoshi Igarashi, English-Japanese scholar and translator (b. 1947)
- 1994 – Savannah, American porn actress (b. 1970)
- 1994 – Gary Kildall, American computer scientist, founded Digital Research (b. 1942)
- 1998 – Panagiotis Kondylis, Greek writer and translator (b. 1943)
- 1999 – Helen Forrest, American singer (b. 1917)
- 2000 – Pedro Mir, Dominican poet (b. 1913)
- 2000 – Robert Runcie, English Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1921)
- 2001 – Herman Brood, Dutch singer, musician, and actor (b. 1946)
- 2001 – Gaspare di Mercurio, Italian doctor and author (b. 1926)
- 2004 – Laurance Rockefeller, American financier and philanthropist (b. 1910)
- 2005 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress (b. 1911)
- 2005 – Shinya Hashimoto, Japanese wrestler (b. 1965)
- 2005 – Jesús Iglesias, Argentine race car driver (b. 1922)
- 2005 – Frances Langford, American actress and singer (b. 1914)
- 2005 – Don Starr, American actor (b. 1917)
- 2006 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (b. 1915)
- 2006 – John Spencer, English snooker player (b. 1935)
- 2007 – Glenda Adams, Australian author (b. 1939)
- 2007 – Lady Bird Johnson, American businesswoman, 38th First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
- 2007 – Alfonso López Michelsen, Colombian politician, lawyer and journalist, 32nd President of Colombia (b. 1913)
- 2007 – Ed Mirvish, Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded Honest Ed's (b. 1914)
- 2008 – Michael E. DeBakey, Lebanese-American surgeon, scientist, and inventor, developed the Peristaltic pump (b. 1908)
- 2009 – Arturo Gatti, Canadian boxer (b. 1972)
- 2009 – Go Mi-Young, South Korean mountaineer (b. 1967)
- 2009 – Ji Xianlin, Chinese linguist and paleographer (b. 1911)
- 2010 – Walter Hawkins, American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and pastor (b. 1949)
- 2010 – Bob Sheppard, American sportscaster (b. 1910)
- 2011 – Rob Grill, American singer-songwriter and bass player (The Grass Roots) (b. 1943)
- 2012 – Dewayne Bunch, American politician and educator (b. 1962)
- 2012 – Marion Cunningham, American author (b. 1922)
- 2012 – Joe McBride, Scottish footballer (b. 1938)
- 2012 – André Simon, French race car driver (b. 1920)
- 2012 – Marvin Traub, American businessman and author (b. 1925)
Holidays and observances
External links
Months and days of the year
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