July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 181 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
- 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France till the French Revolution in 1792.
- 1608 – Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain.
- 1754 – French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces.
- 1767 – Pitcairn Island is discovered by Midshipman Robert Pitcairn on an expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip Carteret.
- 1767 – Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded and the first edition is published.
- 1775 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington takes command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 1778 – American Revolutionary War: British forces kill 360 people in the Wyoming Valley massacre.
- 1819 – The Bank of Savings in New York City, the first savings bank in the United States, opens.
- 1839 – The first state normal school in the United States, the forerunner to today's Framingham State College, opens in Lexington, Massachusetts with 3 students.
- 1844 – The last pair of Great Auks is killed.
- 1848 – Slaves are freed in the Danish West Indies (now U.S. Virgin Islands) by Peter von Scholten in the culmination of a year-long plot by enslaved Africans.
- 1849 – The French enter Rome in order to restore Pope Pius IX to power. This would prove a major obstacle to Italian unification.
- 1852 – Congress establishes the United States' 2nd mint in San Francisco, California.
- 1863 – American Civil War: The final day of the Battle of Gettysburg culminates with Pickett's Charge.
- 1866 – Austro-Prussian War is decided at the Battle of Königgratz, resulting in Prussia taking over as the prominent German nation from Austria.
- 1884 – Dow Jones and Company publishes its first stock average.
- 1886 – Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent Motorwagen – the first purpose-built automobile.
- 1886 – The New York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand.
- 1890 – Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state.
- 1898 – Spanish-American War: The Spanish fleet, led by Pascual Cervera y Topete, is destroyed by the U.S. Navy in Santiago, Cuba.
- 1913 – Confederate veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913 reenact Pickett's Charge; upon reaching the high-water mark of the Confederacy they are met by the outstretched hands of friendship from Union survivors.
- 1938 – World speed record for a steam railway locomotive is set in England, by the Mallard, which reaches a speed of 126 miles per hour (203 km/h).
- 1938 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicates the Eternal Light Peace Memorial and lights the eternal flame at Gettysburg Battlefield.
- 1940 – World War II: the French fleet of the Atlantic based at Mers el Kébir, is bombarded by the British fleet, coming from Gibraltar, causing the loss of three battleships: Dunkerque, Provence and Bretagne. One thousand two hundred sailors perish.
- 1944 – World War II: Minsk is liberated from Nazi control by Soviet troops during Operation Bagration.
- 1952 – The Constitution of Puerto Rico is approved by the Congress of the United States.
- 1952 – The SS United States sets sail on her maiden voyage to Southampton. During the voyage, the ship takes the Blue Riband away from the RMS Queen Mary.
- 1962 – The Algerian War of Independence against the French ends.
- 1969 – The biggest explosion in the history of rocketry occurs when the Soviet N-1 rocket explodes and subsequently destroys its launchpad.
- 1970 – The Troubles: the "Falls Curfew" begins in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
- 1979 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul.
- 1988 – United States Navy warship USS Vincennes shoots down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people aboard.
- 1988 – The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, providing the second connection between the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus.
- 1994 – The deadliest day in Texas traffic history, according to the Texas Department of Public Safety. Forty-six people are killed in crashes.
- 1996 – Stone of Scone is returned to Scotland.
- 2001 – A Vladivostok Avia Tupolev Tu-154 jetliner crashes on approach to landing at Irkutsk, Russia killing 145 people.
- 2005 – Same-sex marriage in Spain becomes legal.
- 2006 – Valencia metro accident leaves 43 dead in Valencia, Spain.
Births
- 1423 – Louis XI of France (d. 1483)
- 1442 – Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan (d. 1500)
- 1518 – Li Shizhen, Chinese physician (d. 1593)
- 1530 – Claude Fauchet, French historian (d. 1601)
- 1590 – Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana, Italian singer, organist, and composer (d. 1662)
- 1676 – Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1747)
- 1683 – Edward Young, English poet (d. 1765)
- 1685 – Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet, English cavalry officer (d. 1768)
- 1728 – Robert Adam, Scottish architect and designer, designed Culzean Castle (d. 1792)
- 1738 – John Singleton Copley, American painter (d. 1815)
- 1743 – Sophia Magdalena of Denmark (d. 1813)
- 1851 – Charles Bannerman, Australian cricketer (d. 1930)
- 1854 – Leoš Janáček, Czech composer (d. 1928)
- 1866 – Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (d. 1907)
- 1870 – Richard Bedford Bennett, Canadian politician, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1947)
- 1875 – Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon (d. 1951)
- 1876 – Ralph Barton Perry, American philosopher (d. 1957)
- 1878 – George M. Cohan, American actor, director, singer, and dancer (d. 1942)
- 1879 – Alfred Korzybski, Polish linguist (d. 1950)
- 1880 – Carl Schuricht, Polish-German conductor (d. 1967)
- 1883 – Franz Kafka, Czech-German writer (d. 1924)
- 1886 – Raymond A. Spruance, American navy admiral (d. 1969)
- 1888 – Ramón Gómez de la Serna, Spanish writer (d. 1963)
- 1893 – Sándor Bortnyik, Hungarian painter and graphic designer (d. 1976)
- 1893 – Mississippi John Hurt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1966)
- 1900 – Alessandro Blasetti, Italian director (d. 1987)
- 1901 – Ruth Crawford Seeger, American composer (d. 1953)
- 1903 – Ace Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1992)
- 1906 – Jack Earle, American actor (d. 1952)
- 1906 – George Sanders, English actor (d. 1972)
- 1908 – M. F. K. Fisher, American writer (d. 1992)
- 1908 – Robert B. Meyner, American politician (d. 1990)
- 1910 – Fritz Kasparek, Austrian mountaineer (d. 1954)
- 1913 – Dorothy Kilgallen, American journalist (d. 1965)
- 1916 – John Kundla, American basketball coach
- 1917 – João Saldanha, Brazilian journalist and football manager (d. 1990)
- 1918 – S. V. Ranga Rao, Indian actor, director, and producer (d. 1974)
- 1920 – Paul O'Dea, American baseball player (d. 1978)
- 1921 – Susan Peters, American actress (d. 1952)
- 1922 – Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo, Belgian painter (d. 2010)
- 1924 – S. R. Nathan, Singaporean politician, 6th president of Singapore
- 1926 – Johnny Coles, American trumpeter (d. 1997)
- 1927 – Ken Russell, English director (d. 2011)
- 1928 – Roger Horchow, American Broadway producer and publisher
- 1930 – Pete Fountain, American clarinetist
- 1930 – Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor (d. 2004)
- 1930 – Tommy Tedesco, American guitarist (d. 1997)
- 1931 – Frits Helmuth, Danish actor (d. 2004)
- 1932 – Richard Mellon Scaife, American businessman
- 1933 – Edward Brandt, Jr., American physician and mathematician (d. 2007)
- 1935 – Harrison Schmitt, American astronaut and politician
- 1936 – Baard Owe, Norwegian-Danish actor
- 1937 – Tom Stoppard, Czech-English playwright
- 1938 – Bolo Yeung, Hong Kong actor
- 1939 – Brigitte Fassbaender, German soprano and director
- 1939 – László Kovács, Hungarian politician and diplomat
- 1940 – Lamar Alexander, American politician
- 1940 – Fontella Bass, American singer-songwriter
- 1940 – Jerzy Buzek, Polish engineer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Poland
- 1940 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1994)
- 1941 – Gloria Allred, American lawyer
- 1942 – Eddy Mitchell, French singer-songwriter and actor (Les Chaussettes noires)
- 1942 – Paco Stanley, Mexican comedian and actor (d. 1999)
- 1943 – Judith Durham, Australian singer-songwriter and musician (The Seekers)
- 1943 – Kurtwood Smith, American actor
- 1944 – Michel Polnareff, French singer-songwriter and musician
- 1945 – Michael Cole, American actor
- 1945 – Saharon Shelah, Israeli mathematician
- 1946 – Johnny Lee, American singer
- 1946 – Leszek Miller, Prime Minister of Poland
- 1947 – Dave Barry, American comedian and author
- 1947 – Betty Buckley, American actress
- 1947 – Top Topham, English guitarist
- 1948 – Tarmo Koivisto, Finnish illustrator and writer
- 1948 – Paul Barrere, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Little Feat)
- 1949 – Jan Smithers, American actress
- 1949 – Johnnie Wilder, Jr., American singer (Heatwave) (d. 2006)
- 1950 – Ewen Chatfield, New Zealand cricketer
- 1950 – James Hahn, American politician
- 1951 – Jean-Claude Duvalier, Haitian politician
- 1951 – Richard Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer
- 1952 – Andy Fraser, English singer-songwriter and musician (Free, Sharks, and John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers)
- 1952 – Amit Kumar, Indian singer, actor, and director
- 1952 – Rohinton Mistry, Indian-Canadian writer
- 1955 – Sanma Akashiya, Japanese actor
- 1956 – Vincent Margera, American television personality
- 1956 – Montel Williams, American actor and talk show host
- 1957 – Laura Branigan, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2004)
- 1957 – Ken Ober, American comedian, actor, and game show host (d. 2009)
- 1958 – Matthew Fraser, Canadian-English journalist
- 1958 – Charlie Higson, English author and actor
- 1958 – Siân Lloyd, Welsh weather presenter
- 1958 – Didier Mouron, Swiss artist
- 1958 – Aaron Tippin, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1959 – Julie Burchill, English journalist and author
- 1959 – Ian Maxtone-Graham, American television writer
- 1959 – Stephen Pearcy, American singer-songwriter, and guitarist (Ratt, Arcade, Vertex, and Vicious Delite)
- 1959 – David Shore, Canadian writer
- 1960 – Vince Clarke, English singer-songwriter, musician, and producer (Depeche Mode, Yazoo, The Assembly, Erasure, and VCMG)
- 1961 – Pedro Romeiras, Portuguese dancer
- 1961 – Tim Smith, English singer-songwriter, musician, producer, and composer (Cardiacs, The Sea Nymphs, Spratleys Japs, and Panixphere)
- 1962 – Tom Cruise, American actor, writer, director, and producer
- 1962 – Thomas Gibson, American actor
- 1962 – Hugh Page, South African cricketer
- 1962 – Hunter Tylo, American actress
- 1963 – Tracey Emin, English artist
- 1964 – Joanne Harris, English author
- 1964 – Yeardley Smith, French-American actress
- 1965 – Shinya Hashimoto, Japanese wrestler (d. 2005)
- 1965 – Connie Nielsen, Danish actress
- 1966 – Moisés Alou, Dominican baseball player
- 1966 – Robin Burgener, Canadian programmer, inventor of 20Q
- 1967 – Brian Cashman, American baseball executive
- 1967 – Spiros Marangos, Greek footballer
- 1968 – Aku Louhimies, Finnish director and screenwriter
- 1969 – Kevin Hearn, Canadian singer and musician (Barenaked Ladies, Rheostatics, and Kevin Hearn and Thin Buckle)
- 1970 – Serhiy Honchar, Ukrainian cyclist
- 1970 – Audra McDonald, American actress and singer
- 1970 – Teemu Selänne, Finnish ice hockey player
- 1970 – Shawnee Smith, American actress
- 1971 – Julian Assange, Australian journalist, publisher, and activist
- 1972 – Warren Furman, English gladiator
- 1973 – Emma Cunniffe, British actress
- 1973 – Ólafur Stefánsson, Icelandic handball player
- 1973 – Johnny Terris, Canadian actor and director
- 1973 – Patrick Wilson, American actor
- 1976 – Andrea Barber, American actress
- 1976 – Wade Belak, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
- 1976 – Shane Lynch, Irish singer-songwriter and actor (Boyzone)
- 1976 – Henry Olonga, Zimbabwean cricketer
- 1976 – Wanderlei Silva, Brazilian mixed martial artist
- 1976 – Bobby Skinstad, Springbok rugby player
- 1977 – David Bowens, American football player
- 1978 – Mizuki Noguchi, Japanese runner
- 1979 – Ludivine Sagnier, French actress
- 1980 – Olivia Munn, American actress, model, and author
- 1980 – Bostjan Nachbar, Slovenian basketball player
- 1980 – Roland Mark Schoeman, South African swimmer
- 1980 – Harbhajan Singh, Indian cricketer
- 1980 – Kid Sister, American rapper
- 1980 – Giorgos Theodoridis, Greek footballer
- 1981 – Justin Torkildsen, American actor
- 1982 – Kanika, Indian actress
- 1983 – Steph Jones, American singer-songwriter and actor
- 1983 – Matt Papa, American singer-songwriter and musician
- 1983 – Edinson Volquez, Dominican baseball player
- 1984 – Satomi Hanamura, Japanese actress
- 1984 – Manny Lawson, American football player
- 1984 – Syed Rasel, Bangladeshi cricketer
- 1984 – Nicolas Roche, Irish cyclist
- 1984 – Corey Sevier, Canadian actor
- 1985 – Dean Cook, English actor
- 1985 – Keisuke Minami, Japanese actor and singer (PureBoys)
- 1986 – Greg Paulus, American basketball and football player
- 1987 – Chad Broskey, American actor
- 1987 – Chris Hunter, American actor
- 1987 – Sebastian Vettel, German race car driver
- 1988 – Winston Reid, New Zealand-Danish footballer
- 1989 – Godfrey Walusimbi, Ugandan footballer
- 1990 – Bobby Hopkinson, English footballer
- 1991 – Tomomi Itano, Japanese actress and singer (AKB48)
- 1991 – Grant Rosenmeyer, American actor
- 1992 – Nathalia Ramos, Spanish actress and singer
- 1992 – Molly Sandén, Swedish singer
- 1992 – Maasa Sudo, Japanese singer (Berryz Kobo)
Deaths
- 458 – Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople (b. 449)
- 1570 – Aonio Paleario, Italian humanist (b. 1500)
- 1672 – Francis Willughby, English biologist (b. 1635)
- 1749 – William Jones, Welsh mathematician (b. 1675)
- 1778 – Anna Maria Mozart, Austrian mother of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (b. 1720)
- 1790 – Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle, French chemist (b. 1736)
- 1795 – Louis-Georges de Bréquigny, French historian (b. 1714)
- 1795 – Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish general, explorer, author, and astronomer, governor of Louisiana (b. 1716)
- 1809 – Joseph Quesnel, French-Canadian composer and playwright (b. 1746)
- 1858 – Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov, Russian painter (b. 1806)
- 1863 – George Hull Ward, American general (b. 1826)
- 1888 – Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Vietnamese poet (b. 1822)
- 1904 – Theodor Herzl, Austrian journalist (b. 1860)
- 1904 – Edouard Beaupré, Canadian giant and strongman (b. 1881)
- 1908 – Joel Chandler Harris, American writer (b. 1845)
- 1916 – Hetty Green, American businesswoman and financier (b. 1834)
- 1918 – Mehmed V, Ottoman sultan (b. 1844)
- 1933 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentine politician and educator President of Argentina (b. 1852)
- 1935 – André Citroën, French industrialist, engineer, and businessman, founded the Citroën Company (b. 1878)
- 1937 – Jacob Schick, American-Canadian inventor, invented the electric razor (b. 1877)
- 1942 – Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, French general (b. 1856)
- 1954 – Siegfried Handloser, German physician (b. 1895)
- 1957 – Dolf Luque, Cuban baseball player (b. 1890)
- 1965 – Trigger, American acting horse (b. 1932)
- 1969 – Brian Jones, English musician, composer, and producer (The Rolling Stones) (b. 1942)
- 1971 – Jim Morrison, American singer-songwriter, musician, poet, and actor (The Doors and Rick & the Ravens) (b. 1943)
- 1977 – Alexander M. Volkov, Russian novelist and mathematician (b. 1891)
- 1978 – James Daly, American actor (b. 1918)
- 1979 – Louis Durey, French composer (b. 1888)
- 1981 – Ross Martin, Polish-American actor (b. 1920)
- 1985 – Frank J. Selke, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (b. 1893)
- 1986 – Rudy Vallée, American singer, saxophonist, and actor (b. 1901)
- 1989 – Jim Backus, American actor (b. 1913)
- 1991 – Lê Văn Thiêm, Vietnamese mathematician (b. 1918)
- 1993 – Joe DeRita, American actor and comedian (b. 1909)
- 1993 – Don Drysdale, American baseball player (b. 1936)
- 1994 – Lew Hoad, Australian tennis player (b. 1934)
- 1995 – Pancho Gonzales, American tennis player (b. 1928)
- 1995 – Eddie Mazur, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929)
- 1997 – Amado Carrillo Fuentes, Mexican drug lord (b. 1956)
- 1998 – Danielle Bunten Berry, American game designer and programmer (b. 1949)
- 1999 – Mark Sandman, American singer-songwriter, musician, and producer (Morphine and Treat Her Right) (b. 1952)
- 2000 – Kemal Sunal, Turkish actor (b. 1944)
- 2001 – Mordecai Richler, Canadian author (b. 1931)
- 2001 – Johnny Russell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1940)
- 2003 – Gaetano Alibrandi, Papal diplomat (b. 1914)
- 2004 – Andrian Nikolayev, Soviet astronaut (b. 1929)
- 2005 – Alberto Lattuada, Italian director (b. 1914)
- 2005 – Gaylord Nelson, American politician (b. 1916)
- 2006 – Joseph Goguen, American computer scientist, developed the OBJ programming language (b. 1941)
- 2006 – Benjamin Hendrickson, American actor (b. 1950)
- 2007 – Boots Randolph, American saxophonist (b. 1927)
- 2007 – Alice Timander, Swedish dentist (b. 1915)
- 2008 – Ernie Cooksey, English footballer (b. 1980)
- 2008 – Larry Harmon, American clown (b. 1925)
- 2008 – Clive Hornby, English actor (b. 1944)
- 2008 – Oliver Schroer, Canadian fiddler, composer, and producer (b. 1956)
- 2009 – John Keel, American journalist and author (b. 1930)
- 2010 – Abu Daoud, Palestinian terrorist, planner of the Munich massacre (b. 1937)
- 2011 – Ali Bahar, Bahraini singer and musician (b. 1960)
- 2012 – Andy Griffith, American actor, director, producer and writer (b. 1926)
- 2012 – Hugó Gruber, Hungarian actor (b. 1938)
- 2012 – Yvonne B. Miller, American politician (b. 1934)
- 2012 – Sergio Pininfarina, Italian automobile designer and politician (b. 1926)
Holidays and observances
External links
Months and days of the year
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