This article is about the year 1843.
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | 18th century – 19th century – 20th century |
Decades: | 1810s 1820s 1830s – 1840s – 1850s 1860s 1870s |
Years: | 1840 1841 1842 – 1843 – 1844 1845 1846 |
1843 in topic: |
Humanities |
Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music |
By country |
Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Mexico – Philippines – South Africa – US – UK |
Other topics |
Rail Transport – Science – Sports |
Lists of leaders |
Colonial Governors – State leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Works category |
Works |
Gregorian calendar | 1843 MDCCCXLIII |
Ab urbe condita | 2596 |
Armenian calendar | 1292 ԹՎ ՌՄՂԲ |
Assyrian calendar | 6593 |
Bahá'í calendar | -1–0 |
Bengali calendar | 1250 |
Berber calendar | 2793 |
British Regnal year | 6 Vict. 1 – 7 Vict. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 2387 |
Burmese calendar | 1205 |
Byzantine calendar | 7351–7352 |
Chinese calendar | 壬寅年十二月初一日 (4479/4539-12-1) — to —
癸卯年十一月十一日(4480/4540-11-11) |
Coptic calendar | 1559–1560 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1835–1836 |
Hebrew calendar | 5603–5604 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1899–1900 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1765–1766 |
- Kali Yuga | 4944–4945 |
Holocene calendar | 11843 |
Iranian calendar | 1221–1222 |
Islamic calendar | 1258–1259 |
Japanese calendar | Tenpō 14 (天保14年) |
Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
Korean calendar | 4176 |
Minguo calendar | 69 before ROC 民前69年 |
Thai solar calendar | 2386 |
Year 1843 (MDCCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 6 – Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross discovers Snow Hill Island.
- February 3 – Argentina supports Rosas of Uruguay and begins a siege of Montevideo.
- February 6 – The Virginia Minstrels perform the first minstrel show (Bowery Amphitheatre, New York City).
- February 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi premieres in Milan.
- February 14 – The event that inspired the Beatles song Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! is held in England.
- February 25 – The Provisional Cession of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands established by Lord George Paulet.
- March 15 – Victoria, British Columbia, is founded by the Hudson's Bay Company as a trading post and fort.
- March 21 – The world does not end, contrary to the first prediction by American preacher William Miller.
- March 25 – Marc Isambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, the first tunnel under the River Thames and the world's first bored underwater tunnel, is opened in London.[1]
April–June
- April – Eta Carinae is temporarily the second-brightest star in the night sky.
- May 4 – Natal is proclaimed a British colony.
- May 18 – The Disruption in Edinburgh of the Free Church of Scotland from the Church of Scotland.
- May 22 – The first major wagon train headed for the American Northwest sets out with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri on the Oregon Trail.
- May 23 – Chile takes possession of the Strait of Magellan.
- June 6 – In Barbados, Samuel Jackman Prescod is the first non-white person elected to the House of Assembly.
July–September
- July 1
- Ulysses S. Grant graduates from West Point 21st from a class of 39.
- John J. Peck graduates from West Point 8th from a class of 39.
- July 19 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain is launched from Bristol; it will be the first iron-hulled, propeller-driven ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean.[2]
- August 15 – Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark.
- September –The Economist newspaper is first published in London.
- September 3 – Popular uprising in Athens, Greece, including citizens and military captains, to require from King Otto to issue a liberal Constitution to the state, which was governed since independence (1830) by various domestic and foreign centres of profits.
October–December
- October 16
- Søren Kierkegaard's philosophical book Fear and Trembling is first published.
- William Rowan Hamilton discovers the calculus of quaternions and deduces that they are non-commutative.[3]
- December 9 – Bishop's University is founded as Bishop's College by Bishop George Jehoshaphat Mountain in Lennoxville, Quebec, for the education of members of the Church of England.
- December 13 – Basutoland becomes a British protectorate.[4]
- December 19 – Charles Dickens' novella A Christmas Carol is first published.
- December 21 – The first total solar eclipse of saros 139 occurs over southern Asia.
- December – The world's first Christmas cards, commissioned by Sir Henry Cole in London from the artist John Callcott Horsley, are sent.[5]
Date unknown
- The Danish government re-establishes the Althing in Iceland as an advisory body.
- James Joule experimentally finds the mechanical equivalent of heat.[6]
- Ada Lovelace translates and expands Menabrea's notes on Charles Babbage's analytical engine, including an algorithm for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers, regarded as the world's first computer program.[7][8][9]
- The steam powered rotary printing press is invented by Richard March Hoe in the United States.[10]
- The Friend, a Quaker weekly, is first published in London.
- Saint Louis University School of Law becomes the first law school west of the Mississippi River.
- Abbeville, Louisiana, is founded by descendants of Acadians from Nova Scotia.
- Edgar Allan Poe's short story The Tell-Tale Heart is first published.
- Germans from the Black Forest region of Southern Baden migrate to Venezuela.
- The export of British textile machinery and other equipment is allowed.[vague]
Births
January–June
- January 8 – John H. Moffitt, American politician (d. 1926)
- January 10 – Frank James, American outlaw (d. 1915)
- January 29 – William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (d. 1901)
- February 19 – Adelina Patti, Spanish opera singer (d. 1919)
- March 17 – Henry Ware Lawton, American general (d. 1899)
- April 4 – William Jackson, photographer (d. 1942)
- April 15 – Henry James, American writer (d. 1916)
- April 25 – Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, third child of Queen Victoria (d. 1878)
- May 21 – Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1914)
- June 3 – King Frederick VIII of Denmark (d. 1912)
- June 9 – Bertha von Suttner, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1914)
- June 15 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (d. 1907)
- June 30 – Sir Ernest Satow, British diplomat and scholar (d. 1928)
July–December
- July 7 – Camillo Golgi, Italian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1926)
- July 29 – Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (d. 1901)
- August 1 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American statesman and businessman (d. 1926)
- August 20 – Christina Nilsson, Swedish operatic soprano (d. 1921)
- August 31 – Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1919)
- September 4 – Ján Levoslav Bella, Slovak composer (d. 1936)
- November 25 – Henry Ware Eliot, American industrialist, philanthropist and the father of T. S. Eliot (d. 1919)
- November 27 – Cornelius Vanderbilt II, American railway magnate (d. 1899)
- November 29 – Gertrude Jekyll, British garden designer, writer and artist (d. 1932)
- December 11 – Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1910)
- December 28 – Colonel Prentiss Ingraham, American author of dime fiction (d. 1904)
Date unknown
- Owon, Korean painter (d. 1897)
- probable
- Pierre Lallement, French inventor of the bicycle (d. 1891)
- Eliza Moore, last American to have been a slave (d. 1948)
Deaths
January–June
- January 11 – Antoine Bournonville, French ballet dancer and choreographer (b. 1760)
- March 3 – David Porter, American naval officer (b. 1780)
- March 21
- Robert Southey, English poet (b. 1774)
- Guadalupe Victoria, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1786)
- March 25 – Robert Murray M'Cheyne, Scottish clergyman (b. 1813)
- March 27 – Karl Salomo Zachariae Von Lingenthal, German jurist (b. 1769)
- April 17 – Samuel Morey, American inventor (b. 1762)
- May 28 – Noah Webster, lexicographer (b. 1758)
- June 1 – William Abbot, English actor (b. 1798)
- June 6 – Friedrich Hölderlin, German writer (b. 1770)
July–December
- July or August – Sequoyah, creator of the Cherokee syllabary (b. c. 1767)
- July 7 – John Holmes, American politician (b. 1773)
- July 14 – Miguel de Álava, Spanish soldier and statesman (b. 1770)
- September 4 – Léopoldine Hugo, daughter of Victor Hugo (b. 1824)
- September 11 – Joseph Nicollet, geographer (b. 1786)
- September 16 – Ezekiel Hart, Canadian entrepreneur & politician (b. 1770 or 1767)
- December 12 – King William I of the Netherlands (b. 1772)
- December 18 – Thomas Graham, Lord Lynedoch, British Governor-General of India (b. 1748)
References
- ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ "Royal Visit". The Bristol Mirror: pp. 1–2. 20 July 1843.
- ^ "William Rowan Hamilton Plaque". Geograph. 2007. http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/347941. Retrieved 2011-03-08.
- ^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 266–267. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ Buday, György (1992). "The history of the Christmas card". Omnigraphics: 8.
- ^ Joule, J. P. (1843). "On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat". Abstracts of the Papers Communicated to the Royal Society of London 5: 839. DOI:10.1098/rspl.1843.0196. http://rspl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/5/839. Retrieved 2012-01-27.
- ^ Fuegi, John; Francis, Jo (October–December 2003). "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 25 (4): 16–26. DOI:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887.
- ^ "Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace". Archived from the original on 21 July 2010. http://cs-www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-bio.html. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
- ^ Menabrea, L. F. (1843). "Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage". Scientific Memoirs 3. Archived from the original on 13 September 2010. http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
- ^ Meggs, Philip B. (1998). A History of Graphic Design (3rd ed.). Wiley. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-471-29198-5. It receives U.S. Patent 5,199 in 1847 and is placed in commercial use the same year.