July 22 is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 162 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 838 – Battle of Anzen: the Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
- 1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem.
- 1298 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Falkirk – King Edward I of England and his longbowmen defeat William Wallace and his Scottish schiltrons outside the town of Falkirk.
- 1456 – Ottoman Wars in Europe: Siege of Belgrade – John Hunyadi, Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary, defeats Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire
- 1484 – Battle of Lochmaben Fair – A 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany's brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured.
- 1499 – Battle of Dornach – The Swiss decisively defeat the Imperial army of Emperor Maximilian I.
- 1587 – Colony of Roanoke: a second group of English settlers arrives on Roanoke Island off North Carolina to re-establish the deserted colony.
- 1686 – Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.
- 1706 – The Acts of Union 1707 are agreed upon by commissioners from the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, which, when passed by each countries' Parliaments, lead to the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain.
- 1793 – Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of Canada.
- 1796 – Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
- 1797 – Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Battle between Spanish and British naval forces during the French Revolutionary Wars. During the Battle, Rear-Admiral Nelson is wounded in the arm and the arm had to be partially amputated.
- 1805 – Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition – Battle of Cape Finisterre – an inconclusive naval action is fought between a combined French and Spanish fleet under Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve of Spain and a British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder.
- 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Peninsular War – Battle of Salamanca – British forces led by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) defeat French troops near Salamanca, Spain.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Atlanta – outside Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate General John Bell Hood leads an unsuccessful attack on Union troops under General William T. Sherman on Bald Hill.
- 1894 – The first ever motor race is held in France between the cities of Paris and Rouen. The fastest finisher was the Comte Jules-Albert de Dion, but The 'official' victory was awarded to Georges Lemaître driving his 3 hp petrol engined Peugeot.
- 1916 – In San Francisco, California, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a Preparedness Day parade killing 10 and injuring 40.
- 1933 – Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly solo around the world traveling 15,596 miles (25,099 km) in 7 days, 18 hours and 45 minutes.
- 1934 – Outside Chicago's Biograph Theater, "Public Enemy No. 1" John Dillinger is mortally wounded by FBI agents.
- 1937 – New Deal: the United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
- 1942 – The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands.
- 1942 – Holocaust: the systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.
- 1943 – World War II: Allied forces capture the Italian city of Palermo.
- 1944 – The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland
- 1946 – King David Hotel bombing: a Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandate Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths.
- 1951 – Dezik (Дезик) and Tsygan (Цыган, "Gypsy") are the first dogs to make a sub-orbital flight.
- 1962 – Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed.
- 1976 – Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during the imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War
- 1977 – Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power.
- 1983 – Martial law in Poland is officially revoked.
- 1991 – Jeffrey Dahmer is arrested in Milwaukee after police discover human remains in his apartment.
- 1992 – Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States.
- 1993 – Great Flood of 1993: levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers.
- 1997 – The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario.
- 2003 – Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year old son, and a bodyguard.
- 2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings.
- 2011 – Norway is the victim of twin terror attacks, the first being a bomb blast which targeted government buildings in central Oslo, the second being a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utøya.
- 2012 – Bradley Wiggins becomes the first Briton to win the Tour de France.
Births
- 1210 – Joan of England, Queen of Scotland (d. 1238)
- 1478 – Philip I of Castile (d. 1506)
- 1510 – Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (d. 1537)
- 1535 – Catherine Stenbock, Swedish wife of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1621)
- 1559 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian priest (d. 1619)
- 1621 – Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician (d. 1683)
- 1651 – Ferdinand Tobias Richter, Austrian composer and organist (d. 1711)
- 1702 – Alessandro Besozzi, Italian composer and oboist (d. 1775)
- 1711 – Georg Wilhelm Richmann, Russian physicist (d. 1753)
- 1713 – Jacques-Germain Soufflot, French architect, designed the Panthéon (d. 1780)
- 1733 – Mikhail Shcherbatov, Russian philosopher and writer (d. 1790)
- 1755 – Gaspard de Prony, French mathematician (d. 1839)
- 1784 – Friedrich Bessel, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1846)
- 1844 – William Archibald Spooner, English priest and scholar (d. 1930)
- 1848 – Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1914)
- 1849 – Emma Lazarus, American poet (d. 1887)
- 1862 – Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, 5th Baronet, Scottish fencer and landowner, survivor of RMS Titanic (d. 1931)
- 1863 – Alec Hearne, English cricketer (d. 1952)
- 1878 – Janusz Korczak, Polish author and pediatrician (d. 1942)
- 1882 – Edward Hopper, American painter (d. 1967)
- 1887 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
- 1888 – Kirk Bryan, American geologist (d. 1950)
- 1888 – Selman Waksman, Ukrainian-born American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
- 1889 – James Whale, English director (d. 1957)
- 1890 – Rose Kennedy, American philanthropist, wife of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. (d. 1995)
- 1892 – Jack MacBryan, English cricketer and field hockey player (d. 1983)
- 1893 – Jesse Haines, American baseball player (d. 1978)
- 1893 – Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist (d. 1990)
- 1895 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet (d. 1976)
- 1898 – Stephen Vincent Benét, American poet and novelist (d. 1943)
- 1898 – Alexander Calder, American sculptor (d. 1976)
- 1908 – Amy Vanderbilt, American author (d. 1974)
- 1909 – Dorino Serafini, Italian race car driver (d. 2000)
- 1913 – Licia Albanese, Italian-American soprano
- 1913 – Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader, musician, and songwriter (d. 1995)
- 1915 – Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah, Pakistani politician, diplomat, and author (d. 2000)
- 1916 – Gino Bianco, Brazilian race car driver (d. 1984)
- 1916 – Marcel Cerdan, French boxer (d. 1949)
- 1921 – William V. Roth, Jr., American politician (d. 2003)
- 1922 – Dick Hoerner, American football player (d. 2010)
- 1923 – Mukesh, Indian singer (d. 1976)
- 1923 – Bob Dole, American attorney and politician
- 1923 – The Fabulous Moolah, American wrestler (d. 2007)
- 1924 – Margaret Whiting, American singer (d. 2011)
- 1926 – Bryan Forbes, English director, actor, and writer
- 1928 – Orson Bean, American actor
- 1929 – John Barber, English race driver
- 1932 – Oscar de la Renta, Dominican fashion designer
- 1934 – Louise Fletcher, American actress
- 1935 – Tom Cartwright, English cricketer (d. 2007)
- 1936 – Tom Robbins, American novelist
- 1937 – Yasuhiro Kojima, Japanese wrestler (d. 1999)
- 1937 – Chuck Jackson, American singer-songwriter (The Del-Vikings)
- 1937 – John Price, English cricketer
- 1937 – Vasant Ranjane, Indian cricketer
- 1939 – Gila Almagor, Israeli actress
- 1939 – Terence Stamp, English actor
- 1940 – Judith Walzer Leavitt, American historian
- 1940 – Alex Trebek, Canadian-American game show host
- 1941 – George Clinton, American singer-songwriter and producer (Parliament and Funkadelic)
- 1941 – Ron Turcotte, Canadian jockey
- 1942 – Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun (d. 2012)
- 1942 – Peter Habeler, Austrian mountaineer
- 1943 – Kay Bailey Hutchison, American politician
- 1943 – Bobby Sherman, American singer-songwriter and actor
- 1944 – Estelle Bennett, American singer (Ronettes) (d. 2009)
- 1944 – Rick Davies, English singer-songwriter and keyboardist (Supertramp)
- 1944 – Dennis Firestone, Australian race car driver
- 1944 – Sparky Lyle, American baseball player
- 1944 – Anand Satyanand, New Zealand politician
- 1946 – Danny Glover, American actor
- 1946 – Mireille Mathieu, French singer and author
- 1946 – Paul Schrader, American director and screenwriter
- 1946 – Johnson Toribiong, Palauan attorney and politician, 7th President of Palau
- 1946 – Stephen M. Wolownik, American musicologist (d. 2000)
- 1947 – Albert Brooks, American comedian, actor, and director
- 1947 – Gilles Duceppe, Canadian politician
- 1947 – Don Henley, American singer-songwriter and drummer (The Eagles)
- 1948 – S. E. Hinton, American author
- 1948 – Otto Waalkes, German comedian and actor
- 1949 – Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Arab politician, 4th Prime Ministers of the United Arab Emirates
- 1949 – Alan Menken, American composer and pianist
- 1949 – Lasse Virén, Finnish long distance runner
- 1951 – J. V. Cain, American football player (d. 1979)
- 1951 – Patriarch Daniel of Romania
- 1953 – Jimmy Bruno, American guitarist
- 1953 – Sylvia Chang, Taiwanese actress
- 1953 – Paul Quarrington, Canadian playwright and educator (d. 2010)
- 1954 – Al Di Meola, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (Return to Forever)
- 1954 – Steve LaTourette, American politician
- 1954 – Pierre Lebeau, Canadian actor
- 1954 – Lonette McKee, American actress
- 1955 – Willem Dafoe, American actor
- 1957 – Dave Stieb, American baseball player
- 1958 – David Von Erich, American wrestler (d. 1984)
- 1958 – Tatsunori Hara, Japanese baseball player and coach
- 1960 – Jon Oliva, American singer-songwriter and keyboardist (Savatage, Trans-Siberian Orchestra, and Jon Oliva's Pain)
- 1961 – Calvin Fish, English race car driver
- 1961 – Keith Sweat, American singer-songwriter and producer
- 1962 – Alvin Robertson, American basketball player
- 1962 – Martine St. Clair, Canadian singer
- 1963 – Emilio Butragueño, Spanish footballer
- 1963 – Rob Estes, American actor
- 1963 – Emily Saliers, American singer-songwriter and musician (Indigo Girls)
- 1964 – Rafael Addison, American basketball player
- 1964 – Adam Godley, English actor
- 1964 – Bonnie Langford, English actress and dancer
- 1964 – John Leguizamo, Colombian actor
- 1964 – David Spade, American actor and comedian
- 1964 – Don Van Natta, Jr., American journalist
- 1965 – Patrick Labyorteaux, American actor
- 1965 – Shawn Michaels, American wrestler
- 1965 – Richard B. Poore, New Zealand OAM recipient
- 1965 – Doug Riesenberg, American football player
- 1966 – Tim Brown, American football player
- 1966 – Shaun Cohen, South African wrestler
- 1967 – Irene Bedard, American actress
- 1967 – Lauren Booth, English journalist
- 1968 – Rhys Ifans, Welsh actor
- 1969 – Despina Vandi, German-Greek singer and actress
- 1970 – Craig Baird, New Zealand race car driver
- 1970 – Jason Becker, American musician and songwriter (Cacophony)
- 1970 – Sergei Zubov, Russian ice hockey player
- 1971 – Kristine Lilly, American soccer player
- 1972 – Colin Ferguson, Canadian actor
- 1972 – Seth Fisher, American illustrator (d. 2006)
- 1972 – Keyshawn Johnson, American football player
- 1972 – Niclas Weiland, German footballer
- 1973 – Ronald Ray Howard, American convicted murderer (d. 2005)
- 1973 – Daniel Jones, English-Australian musician, songwriter, and producer (Savage Garden)
- 1973 – Mike Sweeney, American baseball player
- 1973 – Rufus Wainwright, American-Canadian singer-songwriter and composer
- 1974 – Sonija Kwok, Hong Kong actress
- 1974 – Franka Potente, German actress
- 1975 – Sam Jacobson, American basketball player
- 1976 – Kokia, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer
- 1977 – Ezio Galon, Italian rugby player
- 1977 – Ingo Hertzsch, German footballer
- 1977 – Gustavo Nery, Brazilian footballer
- 1978 – A. J. Cook, Canadian actress
- 1978 – Martyn Lee, English broadcaster and producer
- 1978 – Runako Morton, Indian cricketer (d. 2012)
- 1978 – Dennis Rommedahl, Danish footballer
- 1979 – Anna Bieleń-Żarska, Polish tennis player
- 1979 – Lucas Luhr, German race car driver
- 1979 – Yadel Martí, Cuban baseball player
- 1979 – James Mason, English wrestler
- 1980 – Tablo, South Korean rapper, producer, and actor (Epik High)
- 1980 – Scott Dixon, New Zealand race car driver
- 1980 – Dirk Kuyt, Dutch footballer
- 1980 – Kate Ryan, Belgian singer-songwriter
- 1981 – Ala Ghawas, Bahraini singer-songwriter and musician
- 1982 – Nuwan Kulasekara, Sri Lankan cricketer
- 1983 – Dries Devenyns, Belgian cyclist
- 1983 – Clemens von Grumbkow, German rugby player
- 1983 – Steven Jackson, American football player
- 1983 – Arsenie Todiraș, Moldovan singer (O-Zone)
- 1983 – Sharni Vinson, Australian actress and model
- 1984 – Stewart Downing, English footballer
- 1985 – Takudzwa Ngwenya, Zimbabwean-American rugby player
- 1985 – Akira Tozawa, Japanese wrestler
- 1986 – Steve Johnson, American football player
- 1987 – Charlotte Kalla, Swedish skier
- 1988 – Paul Coutts, Scottish footballer
- 1988 – Thomas Kraft, German footballer
- 1988 – Jeremy Schilling, American radio host
- 1991 – Matty James, English footballer
- 1992 – Selena Gomez, American actress and singer
- 1993 – Amber Beattie, English actress
- 1996 – Skyler Gisondo, American actor
- 1997 – Field Cate, American actor
- 1998 – Madison Pettis, American actress
- 2002 – Prince Felix of Denmark
Deaths
- 1362 – Louis of Durazzo, Count of Gravina, Italian soldier (b. 1324)
- 1387 – Frans Ackerman, Flemish statesman (b. 1330)
- 1461 – Charles VII of France (b. 1403)
- 1525 – Richard Wingfield, English diplomat (b. 1426)
- 1540 – John Zápolya, Hungarian king (b. 1487)
- 1619 – Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian priest (b. 1559)
- 1633 – Trijntje Keever, Dutch tallest woman ever (b. 1616)
- 1645 – Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, Spanish statesman (b. 1587)
- 1676 – Pope Clement X (b. 1590)
- 1726 – Hugh Drysdale, English-American politician
- 1734 – Peter King, 1st Baron King, English lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1669)
- 1789 – Joseph Foullon de Doué, French politician (b. 1715)
- 1802 – Marie François Xavier Bichat, French anatomist and physiologist (b. 1771)
- 1824 – Thomas McNamara Russell, English navy admiral
- 1826 – Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian astronomer (b. 1746)
- 1832 – Napoleon II, French emperor (b. 1811)
- 1833 – Joseph Forlenze, Italian ophthalmologist (b. 1757)
- 1852 – Auguste de Marmont, French general and statesman (b. 1774)
- 1864 – James B. McPherson, American army general (b. 1828)
- 1869 – John A. Roebling, German-American engineer, designed the Brooklyn Bridge (b. 1806)
- 1902 – Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski, Polish cardinal (b. 1822)
- 1903 – Cassius Marcellus Clay, American politician (b. 1810)
- 1904 – Wilson Barrett, English actor (b. 1846)
- 1906 – William Snodgrass, Canadian minister (b. 1827)
- 1908 – Randal Cremer, English politician and pacifist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1828)
- 1915 – Sandford Fleming, Scottish-Canadian engineer and inventor, developed Standard time (b. 1827)
- 1916 – James Whitcomb Riley, American poet (b. 1849)
- 1918 – Indra Lal Roy, Indian flying ace (b. 1898)
- 1920 – William Kissam Vanderbilt, American businessman and horse breeder (b. 1849)
- 1922 – Jokichi Takamine, Japanese chemist (b. 1854)
- 1932 – Reginald Fessenden, Canadian inventor and radio pioneer (b. 1866)
- 1932 – Errico Malatesta, Italian activist and writer (b. 1853)
- 1932 – Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr., American actor and producer (b. 1867)
- 1934 – John Dillinger, American bank robber (b. 1903)
- 1950 – William Lyon Mackenzie King, Canadian politician, 10th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874)
- 1958 – Mikhail Zoshchenko, Russian writer (b. 1895)
- 1967 – Carl Sandburg, American poet (b. 1878)
- 1968 – Giovannino Guareschi, Italian journalist (b. 1908)
- 1970 – George Johnston, Australian journalist and novelist (b. 1912)
- 1974 – Wayne Morse, American politician (b. 1900)
- 1979 – J. V. Cain, American football player (b. 1951)
- 1979 – Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer (b. 1929)
- 1986 – Ede Staal, Dutch singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
- 1988 – Duane Jones, American actor (b. 1936)
- 1989 – Martti Talvela, Finnish singer (b. 1935)
- 1990 – Manuel Puig, Argentinian writer (b. 1932)
- 1992 – Wayne McLaren, American actor and stuntman (b. 1940)
- 1992 – David Wojnarowicz, American artist and activist (b. 1954)
- 1995 – Harold Larwood, English cricketer (b. 1904)
- 1996 – Rob Collins, English keyboardist (The Charlatans) (b. 1956)
- 1998 – Fritz Buchloh, German footballer and coach (b. 1909)
- 1998 – Hermann Prey, German singer (b. 1929)
- 1999 – Gar Samuelson, American drummer (Megadeth) (b. 1958)
- 2000 – Eric Christmas, English actor (b. 1916)
- 2000 – Carmen Martín Gaite, Spanish author (b. 1925)
- 2000 – Claude Sautet, French director (b. 1924)
- 2001 – Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (b. 1909)
- 2003 – Honey Craven, American horse rider, ringmaster and manager (b. 1904)
- 2003 – Qusay Hussein, Iraqi soldier, son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1966)
- 2003 – Uday Hussein, Iraqi son of Saddam Hussein (b. 1964)
- 2003 – Wahome Mutahi, Kenyan writer (b. 1954)
- 2004 – Sacha Distel, French singer and guitarist (b. 1933)
- 2004 – Illinois Jacquet, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1922)
- 2004 – George Kidd, Canadian diplomat (b. 1917)
- 2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes, Brazilian electrician (b. 1978)
- 2005 – Eugene Record American singer-songwriter and producer (The Chi-Lites) (b. 1940)
- 2006 – José Antonio Delgado, Venezuelan mountaineer (b. 1965)
- 2006 – James E. West, American politician (b. 1950)
- 2007 – Mike Coolbaugh, American baseball player and coach (b. 1972)
- 2007 – Jarrod Cunningham, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1968)
- 2007 – Ulrich Mühe, German actor (b. 1953)
- 2007 – Rollie Stiles, American baseball player (b. 1906)
- 2007 – László Kovács, Hungarian-American cinematographer (b. 1933)
- 2008 – Greg Burson, American voice actor (b. 1949)
- 2008 – Estelle Getty, American actress (b. 1923)
- 2009 – Richard M. Givan, American judge (b. 1921)
- 2009 – Peter Krieg, German director, producer, and writer (b. 1947)
- 2010 – Kenny Guinn, American politician (b. 1936)
- 2011 – Cees de Wolf, Dutch footballer (b. 1945)
- 2012 – Eric Bell, English footballer (b. 1929)
- 2012 – Jim Carlen, American football player and coach (b. 1933)
- 2012 – Ding Guangen, Chinese politician (b. 1929)
- 2012 – J. P. Patches, American clown (b. 1928)
- 2012 – Oswaldo Payá, Cuban activist (b. 1952)
- 2012 – Bogdan Stupka, Ukrainian actor (b. 1941)
- 2012 – Herbert Vogel, American art collector (b. 1922)
Holidays and observances
External links
Months and days of the year
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