This article is about the year 1648.
Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
---|---|
Centuries: | 16th century – 17th century – 18th century |
Decades: | 1610s 1620s 1630s – 1640s – 1650s 1660s 1670s |
Years: | 1645 1646 1647 – 1648 – 1649 1650 1651 |
1648 by topic: | |
Arts and Science | |
Architecture - Art - Literature - Music - Science | |
Lists of leaders | |
Colonial governors - State leaders | |
Birth and death categories | |
Births - Deaths | |
Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
Establishments - Disestablishments | |
Works category | |
Works | |
Gregorian calendar | 1648 MDCXLVIII |
Ab urbe condita | 2401 |
Armenian calendar | 1097 ԹՎ ՌՂԷ |
Assyrian calendar | 6398 |
Bahá'í calendar | -196–-195 |
Bengali calendar | 1055 |
Berber calendar | 2598 |
English Regnal year | 23 Cha. 1 – 24 Cha. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 2192 |
Burmese calendar | 1010 |
Byzantine calendar | 7156–7157 |
Chinese calendar | 丁亥年十二月初七日 (4284/4344-12-7) — to —
戊子年十一月十八日(4285/4345-11-18) |
Coptic calendar | 1364–1365 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1640–1641 |
Hebrew calendar | 5408–5409 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1704–1705 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1570–1571 |
- Kali Yuga | 4749–4750 |
Holocene calendar | 11648 |
Iranian calendar | 1026–1027 |
Islamic calendar | 1057–1058 |
Japanese calendar | Shōhō 5Keian 1 (慶安元年) |
Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
Korean calendar | 3981 |
Minguo calendar | 264 before ROC 民前264年 |
Thai solar calendar | 2191 |
Year 1648 (MDCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar. It is the year of the Peace of Westphalia.
Events
January–June
- January – The beginning of the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, at this time in the Republic of Both Nations (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), which continues until 1654, and results, among other things, in the massacre of an estimated 20,000 Jews.
- January 17 – England's Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Addresses, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.
- January 30 – The Dutch and the Spanish sign the Peace of Münster, ending the Eighty Years' War. The Spanish Empire recognizes the Dutch Republic of United Netherlands as a sovereign state, (governed by the House of Orange-Nassau and the Estates General) which was previously a province of the Spanish Empire. (Ratified May 15.)
- March 31 – A major earthquake strikes Van in Ottoman Armenia.[1]
- April 19 – The Portuguese army defeats the Dutch army in the north of Brazil.
- June–September – Semyon Dezhnyov makes the first recorded voyage through the Bering Strait between Asia and North America.[2]
July–December
- August
- Arabs besiege Portuguese in Muscat.
- The First Fronde, the Fronde Parlementaire, an insurrection, begins in France.
- August 12 – Mehmed IV (1648–1687) succeeds Ibrahim I (1640–1648) as Ottoman Emperor.
- September 12 – Battle of Stirling takes place in Scotland: "Engagers" achieve victory over the Kirk Party.
- October 24 – Signing of the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück conclude the Peace of Westphalia, ending the Thirty Years' War. Rulers of the Imperial States have powers to decide their state religion, Protestant, Catholic or Calvinist, with the minorities of each of those faiths granted toleration of worship, and there is general recognition of exclusive sovereignty, including that of the Dutch Republic and Switzerland. France and Sweden gain territory, and the latter is granted an indemnity. However, France remains at war with Spain until 1659.
- October 31 – A treaty is signed between the Arabs and the Portuguese. The terms include a provision that the Portuguese should build fortresses at Kuriyat, Dibba Al-Hisn (Sharjah) and Muttrah (Oman).[3]
- November 11 – France and the Netherlands agree to divide the Caribbean island of Saint Martin between them.
- December 11 – "Pride's Purge" in England, with elements of the New Model Army, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell invading London and expelling a majority of the Long Parliament, resulting in the creation of the Rump Parliament.
Date unknown
- The Battle of Prague takes place in the Thirty Years' War. The west bank of Prague (including Prague Castle) is occupied and looted by Swedish armies.
- In India, building of the Red Fort in Shahjahanabad is completed.
- Sabbatai Zevi declares himself the Messiah at Smyrna.
- George Fox founds the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in England.[4]
Births
- January 1 – Elkanah Settle, English writer (d. 1724)
- February 23 – Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (d. 1730)
- April 4 – Grinling Gibbons, Dutch-born woodcarver (d. 1721)
- April 7 – John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, English statesman and poet (d. 1721)
- April 9 – Henri de Massue, Marquis de Ruvigny, 1st Viscount Galway, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1720)
- April 13 – Jeanne Marie Bouvier de la Motte Guyon, French mystic (d. 1717)
- April 26 – King Peter II of Portugal (d. 1712)
- August 9 – Johann Michael Bach, German composer (d. 1694)
- December 15 – Gregory King, English statistician (d. 1712)
- date unknown
- Anne de Rohan-Chabot, short term mistress of Louis XIV of France (d. 1709)
Deaths
- February 2 – George Abbot, English writer (b. c. 1605)
- February 28 – Christian IV, King of Denmark and Norway (b. 1577)
- March 12 – Tirso de Molina, Spanish writer (b. 1571)
- March 14 – Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English general (b. 1584)
- April 12 – Catharina Belgica of Nassau, regent of Hanau-Münzenberg (b. 1578)
- May 20 – King Wladislaus IV of Poland (b. 1595)
- May 26 – Vincent Voiture, French poet (b. 1597)
- August 18 – Ibrahim I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1615)
- August 20 – Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (b. 1583)
- September 1 – Marin Mersenne, French mathematician (b. 1588)
- November 17 – Thomas Ford, English composer (b. c. 1580)
References
- ^ Ambraseys, N. N.; Melville, C. P. (1982). A History of Persian Earthquakes. Cambridge University Press. p. 50. ISBN 0-521-24112-X. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1JkfKub5vakC&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=Van+earthquake+1648#v=onepage&q=Van%20earthquake%201648&f=false. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ^ Fisher, Raymond H., ed. (1981). The Voyage of Semen Dezhnev in 1648. London: Hakluyt Society. ISBN 0-904180-07-7.
- ^ Ramerini, Marco. "The Portuguese in the Arabia Peninsula and in the Persian Gulf". Colonial Voyage. http://www.colonialvoyage.com/eng/asia/persian_gulf/index.html. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 262–263. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.