July 12 is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 172 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 927 – Æthelstan, King of England, secures a pledge from Constantine II of Scotland that the latter will not ally with Viking kings, beginning the process of unifying Great Britain.
- 1191 – Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre.
- 1493 – Hartmann Schedel's Nuremberg Chronicle, one of the best-documented early printed books, is published.
- 1543 – King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace.
- 1561 – Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is consecrated.
- 1562 – Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatán, burns the sacred books of the Maya.
- 1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.
- 1690 – Battle of the Boyne (Julian calendar) – The armies of William III defeat those of the former James II.
- 1691 – Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar) – The decisive victory of William III of England's forces in Ireland.
- 1789 – French revolutionary and radical journalist Camille Desmoulins gave a speech in response to the dismissal of Jacques Necker France's finance minister the day before. The speech called the citizens to arms and led to the Storming of the Bastille two days later.
- 1790 – The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France by the National Constituent Assembly.
- 1799 – Ranjit Singh conquers Lahore and becomes Maharaja of The Punjab (Sikh Empire) .
- 1801 – French Revolutionary Wars: British Royal Navy ships inflict heavy damage against Spanish and French ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras.
- 1804 – Former United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton dies a day after being shot in a duel.
- 1806 – Sixteen German imperial states leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
- 1806 – Liechtenstein was given full sovereignty after its accession to the Confederation of the Rhine .
- 1812 – War of 1812: the United States invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
- 1862 – The Medal of Honor is authorized by the United States Congress.
- 1879 – The National Guards Unit of Bulgaria is founded.
- 1913 – Second Balkan War: Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin; the siege is later called off when the war ends.
- 1917 – The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona.
- 1918 – The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Kawachi blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621.
- 1920 – The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty is signed. Soviet Russia recognizes independent Lithuania.
- 1932 – Hedley Verity takes a cricket world record 10 wickets for 10 runs in a county match for Yorkshire
- 1943 – World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka – German and Soviet forces engage in the largest tank engagement of all time.
- 1948 – Arab–Israeli War: Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion orders the explusion of Palestinians from the towns of Lod and Ramla.
- 1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
- 1961 – Pune floods due to failure of the Khadakwasla and Panshet dams. Half of Pune is submerged, more than 100,000 families need to be relocated and the death tally exceeds 2,000.
- 1962 – The Rolling Stones perform their first ever concert, at the Marquee Club in London, England, United Kingdom.
- 1967 – The Newark riots began in Newark, New Jersey.
- 1970 – A fire consumes the wooden home of Norwegian composer Geirr Tveitt and irretrievably destroys about 90 percent of his output.
- 1971 – The Australian Aboriginal Flag is flown for the first time.
- 1973 – A fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
- 1975 – São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence from Portugal.
- 1979 – The island nation of Kiribati becomes independent from United Kingdom.
- 2006 – Hezbollah initiate Operation True Promise.
- 2007 – U.S. Army Apache helicopters perform airstrikes in Baghdad, Iraq; footage from the cockpit is later leaked to the Internet.
- 2012 – A tank truck explosion kills more than 100 people in Okobie, Nigeria.
- 2012 – The Turaymisah massacre kills 250 people during a Syrian military operation in a village within the Hama Governorate.
Births
- 100 BC – Julius Caesar, Roman dictator (d.44 BC)
- 1394 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (d. 1441)
- 1468 – Juan del Encina, Spanish composer, poet, and playwright (d. 1530)
- 1596 – Michael I of Russia (d. 1645)
- 1675 – Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1742)
- 1730 – Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (d. 1795)
- 1803 – Peter Chanel, French priest and saint (d. 1841)
- 1807 – Thomas Hawksley, English engineer (d. 1893)
- 1813 – Claude Bernard, French physiologist (d. 1878)
- 1817 – Henry David Thoreau, American writer and philosopher (d. 1862)
- 1824 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (d. 1898)
- 1828 – Nikolay Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher (d. 1889)
- 1839 – Frederick Halsey, English politician (d. 1927)
- 1849 – William Osler, Canadian physician and author (d. 1919)
- 1850 – Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
- 1852 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, Argentinian politician, 19th and 21st President of Argentina (d. 1933)
- 1854 – George Eastman, American businessman, invented Roll film and founded the Eastman Kodak Company (d. 1932)
- 1854 – Juan Gualberto Gómez, Cuban revolutionary leader (d. 1933)
- 1855 – Ned Hanlan, Canadian rower (d. 1908)
- 1861 – Anton Arensky, Russian composer, pianist, and educator (d. 1906)
- 1863 – Albert Calmette, French physician (d. 1933)
- 1863 – Paul Drude, German physicist (d. 1906)
- 1868 – Stefan George, German poet (d. 1933)
- 1870 – Louis II, Prince of Monaco (d. 1949)
- 1872 – Emil Hácha, Czech politician (d. 1945)
- 1876 – Max Jacob, French poet (d. 1944)
- 1878 – Peeter Põld, Estonian scientist and politician (d. 1930)
- 1880 – Tod Browning, American director (d. 1962)
- 1884 – Louis B. Mayer, Russian-American film producer (d. 1957)
- 1884 – Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
- 1886 – Jean Hersholt, Danish director and actor (d. 1956)
- 1892 – Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (d. 1942)
- 1895 – Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1962)
- 1895 – Buckminster Fuller, American architect, engineer, and author, deigned the Montreal Biosphère (d. 1983)
- 1895 – Oscar Hammerstein II, American songwriter, director, and producer (d. 1960)
- 1902 – Günther Anders, German philosopher (d. 1992)
- 1904 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
- 1906 – Pietro Tordi, Italian actor (d. 1990)
- 1908 – Milton Berle, American comedian and actor (d. 2002)
- 1908 – Paul Runyan, American golfer (d. 2002)
- 1909 – Joe DeRita, American actor and comedian (d. 1993)
- 1909 – Fritz Leonhardt, German engineer, designed Fernsehturm Stuttgart (d. 1999)
- 1909 – Herbert Zim, American naturalist, author, editor, and educator (d. 1994)
- 1913 – Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
- 1914 – Mohammad Moin, Iranian writer (d. 1971)
- 1917 – Andrew Wyeth, American painter (d. 2009)
- 1919 – George Weissman, American businessman (d. 2009)
- 1920 – Pierre Berton, Canadian journalist and writer (d. 2004)
- 1920 – Beah Richards, American actress (d. 2000)
- 1920 – Keith Andes, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1921 – Bob Fillion, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1922 – Mark Hatfield, American politician (d. 2011)
- 1923 – René Favaloro, Argentine surgeon (d. 2000)
- 1924 – Fedon Matheou, Greek basketball coach and player (d. 2011)
- 1925 – Roger Smith, American businessman (d. 2007)
- 1927 – Conte Candoli, American trumpet player (d. 2001)
- 1928 – Alastair Burnet, English journalist and broadcaster (d. 2012)
- 1928 – Elias James Corey, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1928 – Jo Myong-rok, North Korean military officer (d. 2010)
- 1930 – Alberto Lionello, Italian actor (d. 1994)
- 1930 – Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor, director, and writer
- 1932 – Otis Davis, American runner
- 1932 – Monte Hellman, American director, producer, and editor
- 1933 – Donald E. Westlake, American novelist (d. 2008)
- 1934 – Van Cliburn, American pianist
- 1937 – Bill Cosby, American comedian, actor, producer, and author
- 1937 – Mickey Edwards, American politician
- 1937 – Lionel Jospin, French politician, 165th Prime Minister of France
- 1937 – Michel Louvain, French-Canadian singer
- 1937 – Robert McFarlane, American navy officer, 13th United States National Security Advisor
- 1938 – Jaishankar, Indian actor (d. 2000)
- 1938 – Ron Fairly, American baseball player
- 1938 – Wieger Mensonides, Dutch swimmer
- 1939 – Phillip Adams, Australian broadcaster and journalist
- 1941 – Benny Parsons, American race car driver (d. 2007)
- 1941 – Joseph Whipp, American actor
- 1942 – Billy Smith, Australian rugby player
- 1942 – Tam White, Scottish singer and actor (d. 2010)
- 1943 – Christine McVie, English singer-songwriter and musician (Fleetwood Mac)
- 1943 – Walter Murch, American film editor and sound designer
- 1943 – Paul Silas, American basketball player and coach
- 1944 – Denise Nicholas, American actress and activist
- 1945 – Leopoldo Mastelloni, Italian actor
- 1946 – Robert Fisk, English writer and journalist
- 1947 – Loren Coleman, American cryptozoologist and author
- 1947 – Gareth Edwards, Welsh rugby player
- 1947 – Richard C. McCarty, American psychologist and academic
- 1948 – Susan Blu, American voice actress
- 1948 – Ben Burtt, American director, screenwriter, and sound designer
- 1948 – Walter Egan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1948 – Richard Simmons, American fitness trainer and actor
- 1948 – Jay Thomas, American actor
- 1949 – Rick Hendrick, American businessman, founded Hendrick Motorsports
- 1950 – Eric Carr, American drummer and songwriter (Kiss) (d. 1991)
- 1950 – Gilles Meloche, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1951 – Brian Grazer, American film producer, founded Imagine Entertainment
- 1951 – Cheryl Ladd, American actress
- 1951 – Piotr Pustelnik, Polish mountaineer
- 1951 – Sylvia Sass, Hungarian soprano
- 1951 – Jamey Sheridan, American actor
- 1952 – Voja Antonić, Serbian inventor and journalist, designed the Galaksija computer
- 1952 – Philip Taylor Kramer, American bass player (Iron Butterfly) (d. 1995)
- 1952 – Liz Mitchell, Jamaican singer (Boney M.)
- 1953 – John Ausonius, Swedish criminal and murderer
- 1954 – Eric Adams, American singer (Manowar)
- 1954 – Robert Carl, American composer
- 1954 – Wolfgang Dremmler, German footballer
- 1954 – Sulakshana Pandit, Indian actress and singer
- 1955 – Jimmy LaFave, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1955 – Bambi Woods, American porn actress
- 1956 – Mel Harris, American actress
- 1956 – Sandi Patty, American singer
- 1956 – Mario Soto, Dominican baseball player
- 1957 – Rick Husband, American astronaut (d. 2003)
- 1957 – Taso N. Stavrakis, American actor and stuntman
- 1958 – J. D. Hayworth, American politician
- 1958 – Tonya Lee Williams, Canadian actress
- 1959 – David Brown, Australian meteorologist
- 1959 – Charlie Murphy, American actor and writer
- 1960 – Corynne Charby, French model, actress, and singer
- 1961 – Heikko Glöde, German footballer
- 1962 – Julio César Chávez, Mexican boxer
- 1962 – Dan Murphy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Soul Asylum)
- 1962 – Dean Wilkins, English footballer and manager
- 1964 – Tim Gane, English guitarist (Stereolab and McCarthy)
- 1964 – Gaby Roslin, English actress
- 1965 – Sanjay Manjrekar, Indian cricketer
- 1966 – Taiji, Japanese singer, musician, and composer (Loudness and X Japan) (d. 2011)
- 1966 – Jeff Bucknum, American race car driver
- 1966 – Ana Torrent, Spanish actress
- 1966 – Misato Watanabe, Japanese singer
- 1967 – Richard Herring, English comedian, actor, and writer
- 1967 – John Petrucci, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Dream Theater, Liquid Tension Experiment, and Explorers Club)
- 1967 – Bruny Surin, Canadian sprinter
- 1968 – Catherine Plewinski, French swimmer
- 1969 – Lisa Nicole Carson, American actress
- 1969 – Alan Mullally, England cricketer
- 1969 – Jesse Pintado, Mexican-American guitarist (Napalm Death, Terrorizer, and Lock Up) (d. 2006)
- 1970 – Lee Byung-hun, South Korean actor
- 1970 – Juba Kalamka, American rapper (Deep Dickollective)
- 1971 – Loni Love, American comedian, actress, and author
- 1971 – Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
- 1972 – Travis Best, American basketball player
- 1972 – Patrick Hill, American sculptor
- 1972 – Brett Reed, American drummer (Rancid and Devils Brigade)
- 1972 – Jake Wood, English actor
- 1973 – Magoo, American rapper (Timbaland & Magoo)
- 1973 – Christian Vieri, Italian footballer
- 1974 – Sharon den Adel, Dutch singer-songwriter and fashion designer (Within Temptation)
- 1974 – Stelios Giannakopoulos, Greek footballer
- 1974 – Gregory Helms, American wrestler
- 1975 – Cheyenne Jackson, American actor and singer
- 1976 – Dan Boyle, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1976 – Anna Friel, English actress
- 1976 – Tracie Spencer, American singer-songwriter and actress
- 1977 – Neil Harris, English footballer
- 1977 – Steve Howey, American actor
- 1977 – Brock Lesnar, American mixed martial artist and wrestler
- 1978 – Claire Chitham, New Zealand actress
- 1978 – Topher Grace, American actor
- 1978 – Michelle Rodriguez, American actress
- 1979 – Nikos Barlos, Greek basketball player
- 1980 – Richard Bennett, American guitarist and producer (The Notorious Cherry Bombs)
- 1980 – Johanna Klum, German singer
- 1980 – Katherine Legge, English race car driver
- 1980 – Tom Price, English actor
- 1981 – Adrienne Camp, South African singer-songwriter (The Benjamin Gate)
- 1982 – Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer
- 1982 – Tara Kirk, American swimmer
- 1983 – Megumi Kawamura, Japanese volleyball player
- 1984 – Gareth Gates, English singer-songwriter and actor
- 1984 – Jonathan Lewis, American football player
- 1984 – Michael McGovern, Irish footballer
- 1985 – Luiz Ejlli, Albanian singer
- 1985 – Natasha Poly, Russian model
- 1985 – Paulo Vitor Barreto, Brazilian footballer
- 1986 – JP Pietersen, South African rugby player
- 1988 – Melissa O'Neil, Canadian singer
- 1988 – Inbee Park, South Korean golfer
- 1989 – Gage Knox, Canadian actor
- 1989 – Nick Palmieri, American ice hockey player
- 1989 – Phoebe Tonkin, Australian actress and model
- 1990 – Bébé, Portuguese footballer
- 1991 – Christian Fortune, American actor
- 1991 – Erik Per Sullivan, American actor
- 1992 – Eoghan Quigg, Irish singer and actor
- 1996 – Jordan Romero, American mountaineer
Deaths
- 783 – Bertrada of Laon (b. 720)
- 1441 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (b. 1394)
- 1536 – Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch writer and philosopher (b. 1466)
- 1584 – Steven Borough, English explorer (b. 1525)
- 1645 – Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
- 1664 – Stefano della Bella, Italian print-maker (b. 1610)
- 1682 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (b. 1620)
- 1693 – John Ashby, English admiral (b. 1640)
- 1712 – Richard Cromwell, English son of Oliver Cromwell (b. 1626)
- 1742 – Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco, Italian composer (b. 1675)
- 1749 – Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois, French navy officer (b. 1671)
- 1773 – Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist and composer (b. 1697)
- 1804 – Alexander Hamilton, American soldier, economist, philosopher, and politician, 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1755)
- 1845 – Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian author (b. 1808)
- 1849 – Dolley Madison, American wife of James Madison, 4th First Lady of the United States (b. 1768)
- 1870 – John A. Dahlgren, American navy admiral (b. 1809)
- 1892 – Alexander Cartwright, American fireman, inventor of baseball (b. 1820)
- 1910 – Charles Rolls, English engineer and aviator, co-founded Rolls-Royce Limited (b. 1887)
- 1918 – Dragutin Lerman, Croatian explorer (b. 1864)
- 1926 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist and spy (b. 1868)
- 1931 – Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1866)
- 1934 – Ole Evinrude, Norwegian-American inventor and industrialist, invented the outboard motor (b. 1877)
- 1935 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (b. 1859)
- 1944 – Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American general (b. 1887)
- 1945 – Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (b. 1871)
- 1945 – Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895)
- 1947 – Jimmie Lunceford, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1902)
- 1949 – Douglas Hyde, Irish politician (b. 1860)
- 1950 – Elsie de Wolfe, American actress, author, and interior decorator (b. 1865)
- 1961 – Mazo de la Roche, Canadian author (b. 1879)
- 1962 – Roger Wolfe Kahn, American musician, composer, and bandleader (b. 1907)
- 1965 – Christfried Burmeister, Estonian speed skater (b. 1898)
- 1966 – D. T. Suzuki, Japanese author (b. 1870)
- 1969 – Henry George Lamond, Australian novelist (b. 1885)
- 1971 – Yvon Robert, Canadian wrestler (b. 1914)
- 1973 – Lon Chaney, Jr., American actor (b. 1906)
- 1975 – James Ormsbee Chapin, American painter and illustrator (b. 1887)
- 1979 – Minnie Riperton, American singer-songwriter (b. 1947)
- 1982 – Kenneth More, English actor (b. 1914)
- 1983 – Chris Wood, English saxophonist (Traffic and Ginger Baker's Air Force) (b. 1944)
- 1990 – João Saldanha, Brazilian journalist and football manager (b. 1917)
- 1993 – Dan Eldon,English photographer and journalist (b. 1970)
- 1994 – Elder Paisios of Mount Athos, Greek monk (b. 1924)
- 1996 – John Chancellor, American journalist (b. 1927)
- 1996 – Jonathan Melvoin, American keyboardist (The Smashing Pumpkins) (b. 1961)
- 1998 – Jimmy Driftwood, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1907)
- 1998 – Serge Lemoyne, Canadian painter (b. 1941)
- 1999 – Rajendra Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1929)
- 1999 – Bill Owen, English actor (b. 1914)
- 2000 – Charles Merritt, Canadian army officer, recipient of the Victoria Cross (b. 1908)
- 2001 – Fred Marcellino, American illustrator (b. 1939)
- 2003 – Benny Carter, American musician, bandleader, and composer (b. 1907)
- 2004 – Betty Oliphant, Canadian ballerina, co-founder of the National Ballet School of Canada (b. 1918)
- 2005 – John King, Baron King of Wartnaby, English businessman (b. 1917)
- 2006 – Adamantios Lemos, Greek actor (b. 1916)
- 2007 – Robert Burås, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (My Midnight Creeps and Madrugada) (b. 1975)
- 2007 – Mr. Butch, American guitar player (b. 1951)
- 2007 – Stan Zemanek, Australian radio host (b. 1947)
- 2008 – Bobby Murcer, American baseball player (b. 1946)
- 2008 – Tony Snow, American journalist, 26th White House Press Secretary (b. 1955)
- 2010 – Paulo Moura, Brazilian clarinetist and saxophonist (b. 1932)
- 2010 – Pius Njawé, Cameroonian journalist (b. 1957)
- 2010 – Harvey Pekar, American writer and critic (b. 1939)
- 2011 – Sherwood Schwartz, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1916)
- 2012 – Alimuddin, Pakistani cricketer (b. 1930)
- 2012 – Eddy Brown, English footballer (b. 1926)
- 2012 – Maita Gomez, Filipino model and activist (b. 1947)
- 2012 – Else Holmelund Minarik, Danish-American author (b. 1920)
- 2012 – Roger Payne, English mountaineer (b. 1956)
- 2012 – Hamid Samandarian, Iranian director (b. 1931)
- 2012 – Dara Singh, Indian wrestler and actor (b. 1928)
- 2012 – George C. Stoney, American director and producer (b. 1916)
Holidays and observances
External links
Months and days of the year
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