Occupy London | |||||||||||
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Part of the Occupy movement | |||||||||||
Occupy London Tent | |||||||||||
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Thousands (at peak in Oct & Nov 2011)[2][3] | |||||||||||
Arrests, etc. | |||||||||||
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Occupy London developed into a non-violent protest[5] and demonstration against economic inequality. Its original remit however was to unite workers and unemployed alike in order to bring to the fore, the lack of affordability of housing in the United Kingdom, social injustice, corporate greed and the influence of companies and lobbyists on government taking place in London, United Kingdom, which started on 15 October 2011. Many of the original protestors became disillusioned by a lack of representation for views other than those of the unemployed and much of the movements original momentum and support was inevitably lost. Thwarted in their original aim to camp outside the London Stock Exchange, a camp was set up nearby next to St Paul's Cathedral. On 18 January 2012 Mr Justice Lindblom granted an injunction against continuation of the protest[6]; but the protesters remained in place pending an appeal.[7] The appeal was refused on 22 February,[8] and just past midnight on 28 February bailiffs supported by City of London police began to remove the tents.[9]
The protests began in solidarity with the Occupy Wall Street protests in New York, United States.[10][2] In October protesters established two encampments in central London: one outside St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London and the other in Finsbury Square just to the north of the City.[2] In November a third major site was opened in a disused office complex owned by UBS. Named by protesters as the Bank of Ideas, the site was located in Hackney until occupiers were evicted in late January 2012.[11] A fourth site was established in late December, at the unused premises of Old Street Magistrates Court in east London. The site's owners objected to its long term use by Occupiers, and agreement was reached for the building to be vacated by the end of January 2012.[12] [13] By late Febuary 2012, Finsbury Square was the last London site to remain occupied. [14]
The Occupy London protests are backed by the tax avoidance protest group UK Uncut.[15]
Contents |
Chronology of events
On 10 October 2011 a campaign was launched on Facebook for protests to take place at the London Stock Exchange on 15 October in solidarity with the Occupy Wall Street protests in New York and with multiple other protests planned worldwide for that day.[16][17]
October 2011
The London Stock Exchange in Paternoster Square was the initial target for the protesters on 15 October. Attempts to occupy the square were thwarted by police.[5] Police sealed off the entrance to the square as it was private property, a High Court injunction had been granted against public access to the square.[18] 2,500-3,000 people gathered nearby outside St Paul's Cathedral, with around 250 camping overnight.[5] During the afternoon of 15 October Julian Assange, the founder of Wikileaks, the subject of extradition proceedings by the prosecution authorities of Sweden, gave an impromptu speech to the protesters on the topic of anonymity after he was challenged by police for wearing a mask as he walked to the protest.[10][19] On the Sunday morning the canon of St. Paul's, Reverend Giles Fraser, asked the police to leave the cathedral steps,[20] saying he was happy for people to "exercise their right to protest peacefully" outside the cathedral.[5][21]
By 17 October an encampment of around 150 tents together with makeshift tarpaulin shelters was clustered around the west side of St Paul's Cathedral.[22][23][24] On the 17th the Occupy London protesters issued a nine-point 'Initial Statement' drafted by "an assembly of over 500 people on the steps of St Paul's [Cathedral]".[4] On 21 October, the Dean of St Paul's announced that the cathedral would be closing until further notice as a result of the Occupy London camp pitched outside, and asked the protesters to leave the vicinity of the building "so that the cathedral can reopen as soon as possible".[25][26][27] On the evening of the 21st it was reported that the protesters had decided that they would remain in their encampment outside the cathedral, and that they believed that they could not be lawfully removed from the site without a court order.[28]
On 22 October the protesters established a second camp in Finsbury Square, just north of the City of London in the London Borough of Islington.[29][30][31]
On 26 October it was reported that the Dean of St Paul's had decided that the cathedral would reopen on 28 October, following the resolution of all health and safety concerns.[32][33] The move was described as an "embarrassing U-turn" by the British national newspaper The Daily Telegraph.[32]
On 27 October Dr Giles Fraser resigned as Canon Chancellor of St Paul's over disagreements on the handling of the demonstrators, saying "I resigned because I believe that the chapter has set on a course of action that could mean there will be violence in the name of the church."[34][35]
On 28 October the movement's first set of demands, 'Democratise The City of London Corporation' was published as a first step in the challenging of unaccountable global power elites.[36] The 28th also saw the resignation of the part-time Chaplain of St Paul's Fraser Dyer
Singer-Songwriter Talis Kimberley wrote and released the song "The steps of St Paul's" to show her support for the cause. She published it on Bandcamp and later performed it on 12 December 2011 for the "Occupiers" at St Paul's cathedral, supported by her backing vocalist Chantelle Smith.
November 2011
On 1 November The Rt Revd Graeme Knowles the Dean of St Paul's resigned following the backlash against his Chapter's resolution to forcibly evict the Occupy London protesters from outside the cathedral.[37] The City of London Corporation proceeded to take legal action against the camp at St Pauls, without support from the Cathedral. Canary Wharf Group took legal action on the 3rd, against protesters attempting to Occupy Docklands.[38]
On 18 November, protesters took over a disused office complex owned by the bank UBS, located in the London borough of Hackney. The site was opened to the public the following day as the Bank of Ideas, and provides free services including a library, seminars and various discussion related events.[11][39] On 28 November protesters at the Hackney site said they would contest attempts by lawyers to have them evicted.[40]
During the 2011 UK public sector strikes on 30 November, strikers attempted to occupy Panton House in Central London but were challenged by police and subsequently kettled outside the building.[citation needed]
December 2011
In early December the Metropolitan police added the occupiers to their list of terrorist suspects.[41] On 6 December, members of the bands Radiohead and Massive Attack performed for free at the Bank of Ideas, as part of a Christmas party for the London occupy movement.[42][43]On 7 December members of occupy met with Hector Sants , the CEO of the Financial Services Authority, to discuss banking reform. The London occupy movement have began to offer sightseeing tours of London to tourists and plan to host further musical events after the success of the gig involving RadioHead and Massive Attack.[44]
On 15 December, Jesse Jackson addressed the Occupy camp at St Pauls, saying that Jesus Christ , Gandhi and Martin Luther King were all occupiers, and that: "Occupy is a global spirit, which is now sweeping the nation and the world, fighting for justice for all of God's children". [45] [46]
By late December consensus among occupiers at the main camp in St Pauls had seemed to coalesce round a view that is would be better to leave voluntarily as long as they can be allowed to keep a small presence, and negotiations were started to see if agreement could be reached with the Cathedral.[47] Also in late December a fourth site was established in East London at an unused court and police complex. Occupiers announced plans to use the new site to host a symbolic "trial of the 1%"[12]
2012
In January 2012, British Prime Minister David Cameron announced his intention to tackle excessive executive pay and crony capitalism, which Financial Times columnist Philip Stephens suggested may be an indication that the PM has signed up to Occupy values.[48]
On 18 January, the High court ruled in favour of the City of London Corporation, giving them the power to order the forcible eviction of occupiers from the St Pauls Camp. A spokesperson for the City said they would not further pursue eviction until 20 January, to give occupiers a chance to appeal against the ruling. The appeal date was later set to 13 February 2012. [49] [50] Comparing the St Pauls camp as it is in January 2012 with its first few weeks, journalists such as Sid Ryan , Brendan O'Neill and Laurie Penny have noted a change of character, with energy being diverted from political activism into caring for homeless and mentally ill people attracted by the companionship and shelter. Ryan has argued that despite caring for the homeless being a worthwhile cause, it may help the movement achieve change in the wider world if the camp is evicted. [51] [52] [53]
On 30 January, occupiers were evicted from the site where they had set up their Bank of Ideas, by bailiffs acting on behalf of UBS, who own the premises. [54]
In mid Febuary, Occupy London took over an abandoned school in Islington, which they called the School of Ideas. They were evicted two weeks later, with authorities arranging for the school to be bulldozered on 28 Febuary. [9] Also on 28 February, occupiers and their tents were removed from the area surrounding St. Paul's Cathedral, by a team of Baliffs supported by riot police. [55] The St Pauls site had been the last surviving high profile camp of the worldwide Occupy movement. [14] At the time of its eviction it was also the largest one remaining. [56] According to the Financial Times, Occupy activists insisted that their campaigning would continue, with some displaying banners announcing that the protests so far were "just the beginning." [14] [57] Comedian Mark Steel compared the efficiency of the police in the clearing of a few tents with their stumbling investigation of News International. "Last year, presumably , if they'd been asked to evict them, they'd have written a report saying: "We have left no stone unturned in pursuing the occupiers, but after driving round the cathedral hundreds of times we have no evidence of any tents anywhere, or indeed of any cathedral."
Statements
Initial statement
On 16 October, a gathering of over 500 Occupy London protesters collectively agreed upon and issued the following 'Initial Statement':
- The current system is unsustainable. It is undemocratic and unjust. We need alternatives; this is where we work towards them.
- We are of all ethnicities, backgrounds, genders, generations, sexualities dis/abilities and faiths. We stand together with occupations all over the world.
- We refuse to pay for the banks’ crisis.
- We do not accept the cuts as either necessary or inevitable. We demand an end to global tax injustice and our democracy representing corporations instead of the people.
- We want regulators to be genuinely independent of the industries they regulate.
- We support the strike on the 30th November and the student action on the 9th November, and actions to defend our health services, welfare, education and employment, and to stop wars and arms dealing.
- We want structural change towards authentic global equality. The world’s resources must go towards caring for people and the planet, not the military, corporate profits or the rich.
- The present economic system pollutes land, sea and air, is causing massive loss of natural species and environments, and is accelerating humanity towards irreversible climate change. We call for a positive, sustainable economic system that benefits present and future generations.
- We stand in solidarity with the global oppressed and we call for an end to the actions of our government and others in causing this oppression.
—occupylsx (Occupy London), Statement issued from the assembly on the steps of St Paul's Cathedral, reported in The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph[58][4]
Statement on The City of London Corporation
On Monday 7 November the first set of demands to come out of Occupy London were ratified by the General Assembly at St Paul's Cathedral. Born out of an earlier statement which was praised in the media as an example of how the protestors were sharpening up their act[59], they aimed to open the City of London Corporation - the local authority for the UK's financial centre - to deeper scrutiny. Those present said that 200 people voted for the document asking the corporation to open itself to freedom of information requests, publish its accounts retrospectively to 2008, and reveal its financial involvements. The statement from the demonstrators also requested the end of business and corporate votes in elections, the removal of “secrecy practices” and the transparent reform of City institutions[60] along with a commission to examine allegations of corruption.[61][62] Both statements were met with responses from thinkers such as George Monbiot[63], Nicholas Shaxson[64] and Blue Labour thinker and peer Lord Glasman.[65].
First statement on corporations
On 29 November the Occupy London movement released first statement of demands on corporations, where they called for measures to end tax evasion by wealthy firms.[66]
Overnight occupancy
In the week beginning 24 October a number of British national newspapers[67] reported that footage from a thermal imaging camera shot by a police helicopter revealed that only around 10% of the tents at the Occupy London camp outside St Paul's were occupied all night.[68] The protesters disputed these claims[67][69][70][71] and the City of London Police later confirmed that neither the details of the thermal imaging cameras nor the occupancy estimates had come from them.[67] Two British national newspapers, the Daily Mail and The Daily Telegraph, subsequently videoed the camp using thermal imaging equipment, which they claimed confirmed that only around 10% of the tents were occupied all night.[72][73]
The claims were disputed by the protesters and other journalists, who noted that most protesters did not go to sleep at the time of the day when the images were taken, and thermal imaging produces inaccurate results when used on insulative material like those of the tents.[74] The protesters recorded and published videos using the same thermal camera to demonstrate this,[75][76] and lodged a complaint with the Press Complaints Commission regarding the claims.[77] They also mentioned that many of them are 'ordinary people with jobs and families' and therefore cannot be present on site at all times.[78]
The techniques used by the newspapers were subsequently criticised as "rubbish science" by a military scientist, according to reports in The Guardian, although the source asked to remain anonymous.[79]
On 11 November police arrested 170 EDL members on Armistice Day when intelligence revealed EDL members planned to attack campers at St Paul's Cathedral.[80]
Reaction
In early November, Ed Miliband (the UK Leader of the Opposition) said that mainstream politicians should listen to the occupiers, though he also stated that protesters should not be allowed to control the discussion.[81] One worker in a banking software company, David Pinder, responded to the statement: "I think the message is a bit lost because there's no real solutions being offered. It is one thing to say the system doesn't work but I don't hear any alternatives being proposed."[23]
See also
Occupy articles |
Other protests |
Related articles |
References
- ^ The site at Finsbury Square remains occupied
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- ^ Malik, Shiv (28 October 2011). The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/oct/28/occupy-london-city-st-pauls/Occupy London-protest-issues-demands-to-democratise-City-of-London.html. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
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- ^ Brian Farmer (2011-11-28). "Protesters defiant over UBS bank squat". London: The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/protesters-defiant-over-ubs-bank-squat-6269122.html. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
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- ^ Johnny Howorth and Elliot Smith (2011-12-07). Radiohead and Massive Attack play at Occupy London Christmas party - video. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/video/2011/dec/07/occupy-london-massive-attack-radiohead. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ Alex Moore (2011-12-07). "Thom Yorke and Massive Attack DJ a Christmas Party at Occupy London". Death + Taxes. http://www.deathandtaxesmag.com/166638/thom-yorke-and-massive-attack-dj-a-christmas-party-at-occupy-london/. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
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- ^ Jesse Jackson (2011-12-15). Jesse Jackson speaks at Occupy London: 'Occupy is a spirit whose time has come' - video. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2011/dec/16/jesse-jackson-occupy-london-video?newsfeed=true. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
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- ^ http://stage.money.aol.co.uk/2011/10/28/lsx-protestors-sharpen-up/
- ^ http://www.londonlovesbusiness.com/news/cameron-occupy-lsx-protest-not-constructive/983.article
- ^ Stratton, Allegra (8 November 2011). "Occupy London protesters issue demands to lord mayor". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/nov/08/occupy-london-protesters-issue-demands.
- ^ http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/art.php?id=26562
- ^ Monbiot, George (31 October 2011). "The medieval, unaccountable Corporation of London is ripe for protest". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/31/corporation-london-city-medieval.
- ^ Malik, Shiv (28 October 2011). "Occupy London protest issues demands to democratise City of London". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/oct/28/occupy-london-city-st-pauls.
- ^ Glasman, Maurice (28 October 2011). "How the St Paul's protesters seek to democratise London". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/28/st-pauls-protesters-democratise-london.
- ^ Peter Walker (2011-11-28). "Occupy London sets out agenda on how it wants to change the economic world". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/nov/28/occupy-london-policy-vision-corporations?newsfeed=true. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
- ^ a b c Jones, Sam (26 Oct 2011). "Occupy London activists deny claims that few tents are occupied at night". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/oct/25/occupy-london-tents-night.
- ^ Kelly, Tom (25 October 2011). "Un-occupy the City: Nine out of ten tents remain empty overnight at St Paul's protest camp". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2053068/Occupy-London-9-10-tents-remain-overnight-St-Pauls-camp.html. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^ Ford Rojas, John-Paul (25 Oct 2011). "Telegraph 'evicted' from St Paul's Occupy London camp as the mood turns". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/8847357/Telegraph-evicted-from-St-Pauls-Occupy-London-camp-as-the-mood-turns.html.
- ^ "The tents are empty for a reason, says protester". BBC News. 25 October 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-15450234.
- ^ "Part-Time London Tent Protesters Revealed". Sky News. 25 October 2011. http://news.sky.com/home/uk-news/article/16095687. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ Kelly, Tom; Gayle, Damien (26 October 2011). "The thermal images that prove 90% of tents in the Occupy camp in London are left EMPTY overnight". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2053463/Occupy-London-90-tents-St-Pauls-protest-camp-left-overnight.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^ "Telegraph thermal imaging video at protest camp show most tents are empty". The Daily Telegraph (London). 25 October 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/8847526/Telegraph-thermal-imaging-video-at-protest-camp-show-most-tents-are-empty.html. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick (25 October 2011). "Is Occupy London a part-time protest?". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/oct/25/occupy-london-part-time-protest. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ "Occupy London: Thermal imaging camera can't 'see' protesters inside tents". The Guardian. 28 October 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/video/2011/oct/28/occupy-london-protest. Retrieved 04 November 2011.
- ^ "Occupy London protesters hit back at 'empty tents' claim with own video footage". The Mirror. 28 October 2011. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2011/10/28/no-headline-115875-23521997/. Retrieved 04 November 2011.
- ^ Malik, Shiv (28 October 2011). "Occupy London lodges PCC complaint over claims tents are empty at night". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/oct/28/occupy-london-complaint-pcc-tents-empty. Retrieved 04 November 2011.
- ^ "Occupy London: Thermal Images 'Reveal Camp Empties At Night'". The Huffington Post UK. 25 October 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2011/10/25/occupy-london-thermal-ima_n_1029910.html. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick (26 October 2011). "Occupy London empty tent claims based on 'rubbish science'". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/oct/26/occupy-london-tents-rubbish-science. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ^ Laville, Sandra (11 November 2011). "Police arrest EDL members to 'avert planned attack' in London". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/nov/11/edl-arrests-london-occupy-armistice-day?newsfeed=true.
- ^ Daniel Boffey and Mark Townsend (2011-11-05). "Ed Miliband: politicians must listen to the St Paul's Cathedral protesters". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/nov/05/ed-miliband-st-paul-occupy-protest?intcmp=239. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
External links
- Occupy London, activist group homepage
- Bank of Ideas homepage
- Occupy London gallery in The Guardian
- BBC News - St Paul's camp: Occupy London is 'tourist attraction'
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