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By country |
Censorship · Freedom of speech Internet censorship |
Censorship by country collects information on censorship, Internet censorship, Freedom of the Press, Freedom of speech, and Human Rights by country and presents it in a sortable table, together with links to articles with more information. In addition to countries, the table includes information on former countries, disputed countries, political sub-units within countries, and regional organizations.
Contents |
Key
Key | |
Freedom House (FH) Free press rating:[1] 10 is most free, 99 is least free | |
10 to 30 | Free |
31 to 60 | Partly free |
61 to 99 | Not free |
— | Not rated |
Reporters Without Borders (RWB) Press freedom index:[2] 0 is most free, 105 is least free | |
0 to 9.99 | Most free |
10.00 to 49.99 | Somewhat free |
50.00 to 74.99 | Less free |
75.00 to 105.00 | Least free |
— | Not rated |
Reporters Without Borders (RWB) lists:[3] | |
e | On Internet Enemies list |
u | On countries under surveillance list |
— | Not listed |
OpenNet Initiative (ONI) classifications:[4] | |
ne | No evidence of filtering |
sus | Filtering suspected, but unconfirmed |
sel | Selective filtering observed |
sub | Substantial filtering observed |
per | Pervasive filtering observed |
nd | No data (does not indicate no censorship or no filtering) |
— | Not classified |
More information links: | |
c | Link to Censorship in country article |
i | Link to Internet censorship in country article |
p | Link to Freedom of the press or Freedom of speech in country article |
h | Link to Human rights in country article |
Censorship by country
Country |
Region |
FH Free press rating [1] |
RWB Press freedom index [2] |
RWB Internet lists [3] |
ONI political filtering [4] |
ONI social filtering [4] |
ONI security filtering [4] |
ONI tools filtering [4] |
More info |
Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Asia | 76 | 51.67 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | i h | |
Albania | Europe | 50 | 21.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Algeria | Africa | 64 | 47.33 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | c h | Since its independence in 1962 Algerian journalists have been the main target of censorship. |
Andorra | Europe | 13 | — | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Angola | Africa | 62 | 28.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Antigua and Barbuda | NAmerica | 38 | — | — | — | — | — | — | See Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States | |
Argentina | SAmerica | 49 | 16.35 | — | — | — | — | — | i h | |
Armenia | Eurasia | 66 | 27.50 | — | sub | sel | sel | sel | h | |
Australia | Oceania | 22 | 5.38 | u | — | — | — | — | c i p h | Australia is a federation, and responsibility for censorship is divided between the state and the federal governments. The federal government regulates television, radio, Internet services, the import/export of printed matter, audiovisual recordings, and computer games. States regulate production and sale of printed matter, audiovisual recordings, and computer games. |
Austria | Europe | 21 | 0.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Azerbaijan | Eurasia | 79 | 56.38 | — | sel | sel | ne | ne | i h | |
Bahamas | NAmerica | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Bahrain | Asia | 71 | 51.38 | u | per | per | sel | sub | h | |
Bangladesh | Asia | 56 | 42.50 | — | sel | sel | sel | sel | c h | |
Barbados | NAmerica | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Belarus | Europe | 92 | 57.00 | u | sel | sel | sel | sel | c h | |
Belgium | Europe | 12 | 4.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | The French-speaking media (particularly the RTBF) are famous for their frequent use of censorship against any party which is not part of the "traditional four democratic ones" (ECOLO, MR, PS, CDH). Extreme Right and Extreme Left parties don't have any media representation, nor broadcast time.[5] |
Belize | NAmerica | 21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Benin | Africa | 33 | 19.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Bhutan | Asia | 57 | 17.75 | — | — | — | — | — | c i h | Bhutan does not have any explicit laws regarding censorship and it is comparable to its South Asian neighbours. |
Bolivia | SAmerica | 43 | 28.13 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | 48 | 13.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Botswana | Africa | 39 | 17.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Brazil | SAmerica | 43 | 16.60 | — | — | — | — | — | c p h | The Paim Law restricts freedom of expression concerning racism. The Brazilian Constitution prohibits the anonymity of journalistic publications. |
Brunei | Asia | 75 | 51.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Bulgaria | Europe | 34 | 19.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Burkina Faso | Africa | 41 | 15.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Burma | Asia | 95 | 94.50 | e | per | sub | sub | sub | c i h | Also known as Myanmar |
Burundi | Africa | 73 | 28.88 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Cambodia | Asia | 61 | 43.83 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Cameroon | Africa | 66 | 44.30 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Canada | NAmerica | 19 | 7.00 | — | — | — | — | — | c i p h | Canadian law takes a relatively liberal interpretation of community standards, although sometimes the existence of competing interpretations results in controversy. |
Cape Verde | Africa | 28 | 8.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Central African Republic | Africa | 61 | 18.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Chad | Africa | 77 | 33.17 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Chile | SAmerica | 30 | 10.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
China | Asia | 84 | 84.67 | e | per | sub | per | sub | c i p h | Official name is People's Republic of China (PRC). See also Hong Kong |
Colombia | SAmerica | 60 | 51.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Comoros | Africa | 50 | 19.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | Africa | 81 | 51.83 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Congo, Republic of the | Africa | 54 | 33.60 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Costa Rica | NAmerica | 19 | 8.08 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Côte d'Ivoire | Africa | 66 | 36.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Croatia | Europe | 40 | 17.50 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | ||
Cuba | NAmerica | 93 | 78.00 | e | nd | nd | nd | nd | c i p h | In 2004 the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions expressed deep concern about continuing violations of the basic human right to freedom of access to information and freedom of expression.[6] Censorship in Cuba extends heavily onto music. |
Cyprus | Europe | 22 | 13.40 | — | — | — | — | — | h | see also Northern Cyprus |
Czech Republic | Europe | 18 | 7.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Denmark | Europe | 11 | 2.50 | — | — | — | — | — | c p | Censorship is prohibited as per the Constitution, which effectively means that there are no banned books, movies, games and similar material in Denmark. |
Djibouti | Africa | 73 | 30.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Dominica | NAmerica | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | See Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States | |
Dominican Republic | NAmerica | 39 | 26.13 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
East Timor | Asia | 35 | 25.00 | — | — | — | — | — | also known as Timor-Leste | |
Ecuador | SAmerica | 47 | 27.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Egypt | Africa | 60 | 43.33 | u | ne | ne | ne | ne | i h | |
El Salvador | NAmerica | 43 | 15.83 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Equatorial Guinea | Africa | 90 | 79.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Eritrea | Africa | 94 | 105.00 | u | — | — | — | — | h | |
Estonia | Europe | 17 | 2.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Ethiopia | Africa | 78 | 49.38 | — | sub | sel | sub | ne | h | |
Fiji | Oceania | 54 | 52.75 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Finland | Europe | 10 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | — | c i h | Some ISPs block web sites listed by police as child pornography. Spreading information regarding some copy protection schemes may be illegal. |
France | Europe | 23 | 13.38 | u | ne | ne | ne | ne | c i p h | |
Gabon | Africa | 71 | 28.75 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Gambia | Africa | 81 | 40.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Georgia | Eurasia | 59 | 27.00 | — | sel | ne | sel | ne | h | |
Germany | Europe | 17 | 4.25 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | c i p h | |
Ghana | Africa | 26 | 8.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Greece | Europe | 29 | 19.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Grenada | NAmerica | 24 | — | — | — | — | — | — | See Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States | |
Guatemala | NAmerica | 60 | 20.25 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Guinea | Africa | 71 | 33.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Guinea-Bissau | Africa | 54 | 18.25 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Guyana | SAmerica | 30 | 16.63 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Haiti | NAmerica | 49 | 16.38 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Honduras | NAmerica | 59 | 51.13 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Hong Kong | Asia | 33 | 10.75 | — | — | — | — | — | c i p h | Hong Kong is part of China, but is largely self-governing, so PRC censorship policies do not apply. |
Hungary | Europe | 23 | 7.50 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | ||
Iceland | Europe | 10 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | — | i h | Censorship is prohibited as per the Constitution, which effectively means that there are no banned books and similar material. |
India | Asia | 33 | 38.75 | — | ne | ne | sel | sel | c i p h | Censorship in India mainly targets religious issues. It is justified by the government as necessary to maintain communal harmony, peace and tranquility, given the history of communal tension. |
Indonesia | Asia | 52 | 35.83 | — | sel | sel | ne | sel | p h | |
Iran | Asia | 89 | 94.56 | e | per | per | sub | per | c i p h | |
Iraq | Asia | 65 | 45.58 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | c h | |
Ireland | Europe | 15 | 2.00 | — | — | — | — | — | c i p | Ireland rarely exercises censorship, though the state retains wide-ranging laws which allow for it, including specific laws covering films, advertisements, newspapers and magazines, as well as terrorism and pornography.[7] |
Israel | Asia | 29 | 23.25 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | c h | |
Israel (extra-territorial) | Asia | — | 47.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Italy | Europe | 33 | 15.00 | — | ne | sel | ne | ne | c i p | Censorship in Italy mainly targets journalism and television information. |
Jamaica | NAmerica | 16 | 7.67 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Japan | Asia | 21 | 2.50 | — | — | — | — | — | c h | |
Jordan | Asia | 63 | 37.00 | — | sel | ne | ne | ne | h | |
Kazakhstan | Eurasia | 78 | 68.50 | — | sel | sel | ne | ne | i h | |
Kenya | Africa | 57 | 19.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Kiribati | Oceania | 27 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Kosovo | Europe | 53 | 24.83 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Kuwait | Asia | 55 | 23.75 | — | sel | per | sel | per | h | |
Kyrgyzstan | Asia | 73 | 63.00 | — | sel | sel | ne | ne | h | |
Laos | Asia | 84 | 80.50 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | h | |
Latvia | Europe | 26 | 8.50 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | h | |
Lebanon | Asia | 55 | 20.50 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | h | Lady Gaga's album Born This Way was banned in Lebanon for being "offensive to Christianity", according to a 6 June 2011 report in the Jerusalem Post. It also said that the albums were impounded by Lebanese authorities.[8] However, the albums were released for sale the next week.[9] |
Lesotho | Africa | 48 | 24.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Liberia | Africa | 61 | 22.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Libya | Africa | 94 | 63.50 | u | sel | ne | ne | ne | p h | |
Liechtenstein | Europe | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Lithuania | Europe | 21 | 2.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Luxembourg | Europe | 12 | 4.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Macedonia | Europe | 46 | 18.40 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Madagascar | Africa | 61 | 34.88 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Malawi | Africa | 56 | 21.00 | — | — | — | — | — | i h | |
Malaysia | Asia | 64 | 50.75 | u | ne | ne | ne | ne | c i p h | |
Maldives | Asia | 50 | 16.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Mali | Africa | 25 | 8.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Malta | Europe | 22 | 4.00 | — | — | — | — | — | p | |
Marshall Islands | Oceania | 17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Mauritania | Africa | 56 | 25.38 | — | sel | sel | sel | sel | h | |
Mauritius | Africa | 27 | 18.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Mexico | NAmerica | 60 | 47.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Micronesia | Oceania | 21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Moldova | Europe | 65 | 19.13 | — | sel | ne | ne | ne | h | |
Monaco | Europe | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Mongolia | Asia | 39 | 19.42 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Montenegro | Europe | 37 | 28.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Morocco | Africa | 66 | 47.40 | — | ne | sel | sel | sel | i h | See also Western Sahara |
Mozambique | Africa | 42 | 26.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Myanmar | Asia | 95 | 94.50 | e | per | sub | sub | sub | c i h | Also known as Burma |
Namibia | Africa | 34 | 7.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Nauru | Oceania | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Nepal | Asia | 59 | 36.38 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | i h | |
Netherlands | Europe | 14 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | — | p h | The Dutch government adopted an Internet Neutrality Law in June 2011, which means that any form of blocking internet content is prohibited. However, a mistake first was made with adopting the law (which has later been removed) [10] |
New Zealand | Oceania | 14 | 1.50 | — | — | — | — | — | c i h | Changes over the years reflect a more liberal application of the law on contentious publications. |
Nicaragua | NAmerica | 47 | 22.33 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Niger | Africa | 68 | 28.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Nigeria | Africa | 54 | 51.50 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | h | |
North Korea | Asia | 99 | 104.75 | e | nd | nd | nd | nd | c i h | |
Northern Cyprus | Europe | — | 17.25 | — | — | — | — | — | h | see also Cyprus |
Norway | Europe | 10 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Oman | Asia | 71 | 40.25 | — | sel | per | ne | sub | h | |
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States | NAmerica | — | 16.50 | — | — | — | — | — | includes Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat (UK), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as members and Anguilla (UK), and British Virgin Islands (UK) as associate members | |
Pakistan | Asia | 61 | 56.17 | — | sus | sub | sub | sel | c i p h | |
Palau | Oceania | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Palestinian territories | Asia | 84 | 56.13 | — | ne | sub | ne | ne | h | Gaza and the West Bank |
Panama | NAmerica | 44 | 21.83 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Papua New Guinea | Oceania | 24 | 13.33 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Paraguay | SAmerica | 59 | 16.25 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Peru | SAmerica | 44 | 30.00 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | h | |
Philippines | Asia | 48 | 60.00 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | h | |
Poland | Europe | 24 | 8.88 | — | — | — | — | — | c p h | |
Portugal | Europe | 16 | 12.36 | — | — | — | — | — | c | Censorship has been a fundamental element of Portuguese national culture throughout the country's history due mainly to the influence of the Church. |
Qatar | Asia | 66 | 38.00 | — | sel | per | sel | per | h | |
Romania | Europe | 43 | 16.00 | — | — | — | — | — | c i h | |
Russia | Eurasia | 81 | 49.90 | u | sel | sel | ne | ne | p h | |
Rwanda | Africa | 83 | 81.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | NAmerica | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | See Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States | |
Saint Lucia | NAmerica | 15 | — | — | — | — | — | — | See Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States | |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | NAmerica | 17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | See Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States | |
Samoa | Oceania | 29 | 33.00 | — | — | — | — | — | c | |
San Marino | Europe | 17 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
São Tomé and Príncipe | Africa | 28 | — | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Saudi Arabia | Asia | 83 | 61.50 | e | sub | per | sel | per | c i p h | |
Senegal | Africa | 57 | 25.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Serbia | Europe | 35 | 23.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Seychelles | Africa | 58 | 18.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Sierra Leone | Africa | 55 | 24.25 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Singapore | Asia | 68 | 47.50 | — | ne | sel | ne | ne | c i h | |
Slovakia | Europe | 23 | 11.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Slovenia | Europe | 25 | 13.44 | — | — | — | — | — | Since March 2011, websites of 4 foreign bookmakers are being censored. It is widely believed that the government is trying to protect domestic bookmakers from foreign competition.[11] | |
Solomon Islands | Oceania | 29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Somalia | Africa | 84 | 66.00 | — | — | — | — | — | c h | |
South Africa | Africa | 32 | 12.00 | — | — | — | — | — | i p h | |
South Korea | Asia | 30 | 13.33 | u | ne | sub | per | ne | c i p h | |
Spain | Europe | 24 | 12.25 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Sri Lanka | Asia | 72 | 62.50 | u | — | — | — | — | c h | |
Sudan | Africa | 76 | 85.33 | — | sel | sub | ne | sub | p h | |
Suriname | SAmerica | 23 | 11.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Swaziland | Africa | 76 | 57.50 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Sweden | Europe | 10 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | — | c p | |
Switzerland | Europe | 13 | 0.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | Three websites censored by court order in December 2002[12] |
Syria | Asia | 83 | 91.50 | e | per | sel | sel | per | i h | |
Taiwan | Asia | 24 | 14.50 | — | — | — | — | — | c h | official name is the Republic of China |
Tajikistan | Asia | 78 | 34.50 | — | sel | ne | ne | ne | h | |
Tanzania | Africa | 50 | 13.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Thailand | Asia | 58 | 56.83 | u | sel | sub | ne | sel | c i h | |
Timor-Leste | Asia | 35 | 25.00 | — | — | — | — | — | also known as East Timor | |
Togo | Africa | 74 | 17.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Tonga | Oceania | 32 | 23.75 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Trinidad and Tobago | NAmerica | 23 | 8.50 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Tunisia | Africa | 85 | 72.50 | u | per | per | sel | per | c i | The Tunisia Monitoring Group reports that the situation in Tunisia has improved dramatically since early 2011.[13] These changes are not yet reflected here. |
Turkey | Eurasia | 51 | 49.25 | u | sel | sel | ne | sel | c i h | |
Turkmenistan | Asia | 95 | 95.33 | e | per | sel | sel | sel | i h | |
Tuvalu | Oceania | 26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Uganda | Africa | 54 | 25.50 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | h | |
Ukraine | Europe | 53 | 46.83 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | p h | |
United Arab Emirates | Asia | 71 | 23.75 | u | sub | per | sel | per | h | |
United Kingdom | Europe | 19 | 6.00 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | c i p h | The U.K. openly blocks child pornography Web sites, for which ONI does not test[14] |
United States | NAmerica | 18 | 6.75 | — | — | — | — | — | c i p h | |
United States (extra-territorial) | NAmerica | — | 27.00 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Uruguay | SAmerica | 25 | 11.75 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Uzbekistan | Asia | 92 | 71.50 | e | — | — | — | — | i h | |
Vanuatu | Oceania | 23 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Venezuela | SAmerica | 75 | 47.33 | u | — | — | — | — | c h | |
Vietnam | Asia | 82 | 75.75 | e | — | — | — | — | i h | |
Yemen | Asia | 80 | 82.13 | — | sel | per | sel | per | h | |
Zambia | Africa | 64 | 22.00 | — | — | — | — | — | h | |
Zimbabwe | Africa | 84 | 39.50 | — | ne | ne | ne | ne | h |
Internet censorship map
See also
References
This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of State document "2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices" by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor.
This article incorporates licensed material from the Country Profiles, Regional Overviews, and Filtering Maps sections of the OpenNet Initiative web site.[15]
- ^ a b "Freedom of the Press 2011 Survey Release", Freedom House, 2 May 2011
- ^ a b "Press Freedom Index 2010", Reporters Without Borders, 20 October 2010
- ^ a b c Internet Enemies, Reporters Without Borders, Paris, March 2011
- ^ a b c d e f "ONI Country Profiles", Research section at the OpenNet Initiative web site, a collaborative partnership of the Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto; the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University; and the SecDev Group, Ottawa
- ^ "State TV broadcaster cancels political debate in run-up to elections", Reporters Without Borders, 31 May 2010
- ^ "IFLA protests Cuban Internet crackdown", Friends of Cuban Libraries, 19 January 2004
- ^ "2010 Human Rights Report: Ireland", Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 8 April 2011
- ^ Report: Latest Lady Gaga album banned in Lebanon, Jerusalem Post, 6 June 2011
- ^ "Lebanon Lifts Ban On Lady Gaga", RTTNews, 12 June 2011
- ^ http://www.nu.nl/internet/2546362/netneutraliteit-opgenomen-in-telecomwet.html
- ^ "Unreasonable seizure of online betting (Nesmiselna blokada spletnih stavnic)", Blaz Petkovic and Katja Svenšek, News/Slovenia Dnevnik.si, 1 March 2011
- ^ "Internet censorship in Switzerland", European Digital Rights (EDRi) web site, 12 February 2003
- ^ "IFEX-TMG mission to Tunisia observes freedom of expression post 14 January", Tunisia Monitoring Group, International Freedom of Expression Exchange, 15 April 2011
- ^ "Country report: United Kingdom", OpenNet Initiative, 18 December 2010
- ^ Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license, see the lower right corner of pages at the OpenNet Initiative web site