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Premodern inventions
Underfloor Heating system
Ondol is a underfloor heating system[1] which was invented in Korea as early as 1000 BCE.[2]
Metal movable type printing
movable type printing, transitioned from ceramic type to metal cast type[3], occurred in 1234 during the Goryeo Dynasty of Korea and is credited to Yun-ui Choe. A set of ritual books, Sangjeong Gogeum Yemun were printed with the movable metal type in 1234.[4][5] Examples of this metal type are on display in the Asian Reading Room of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.[6] The oldest extant movable metal print book is the Jikji, printed in Korea in 1377.[7]
Featural alphabet
Hangul is a featural alphabet, wherein the shapes of the letters are not arbitrary, but encode phonological features of the phonemes they represent.[8]
Multiple rocket launcher
Hwacha is a Multiple rocket launcher which was a platform device on wheels that used gunpowder to fire fire arrows, a predecessor of the modern MLRS.[9][10]
Standardized rain gauge
The Cheugugi was first standardized rain gauge. Created around 1450 by the Joseon Dynasty scientist Jang Yeong-sil, it was used throughout the country for official purposes.[11][12][13][14]
Soft bullet-proof vest
Myeonje Baegab is a soft bullet-proof vest invented by Kim Gi-du and Gang Yun in the late 1860s in the Joseon Dynasty.[15]
Modern science and technology
- MP3 Portable Player: The world's first commercial, mass-produced Digital Audio Players were built by Saehan Information Systems in 1998.[16][17]
- MP3 Phone: The world's first mobile phone with built-in MP3 players were produced in South Korea in October, 1999[18]. The innovation spread rapidly and by 2005, more than half of all music sold in South Korea was sold directly to mobile phones.
- Touch screen mobile phone: LG KE850 is the world's first Completely Touch Screen Mobile Phone[19][20] using finger touch instead of stylus, having a main button directly below the display. The developer, LG Electronics has claimed the iPhone's design was copied from the LG KE850.[21][22]
Games
- Yut is a traditional board game played in Korea, especially during Korean New Year. The game is also called cheok-sa or sa-hee. The suffix nori means "game".[citation needed]
Korean musical instruments
- Yanggeum a hammered dulcimer with metal strings, struck with a bamboo stick.[citation needed]
- Janggu is the most widely used drum used in the traditional music of Korea. It is available in most kinds, and consists of an hourglass-shaped body with two heads made from animal skin. The two heads produce sounds of different pitch and timbre, which when played together are believed to represent the harmony of man and woman.[citation needed]
- Gayageum is a traditional Korean zither-like string instrument, with 12 strings, although more recently variants have been constructed with 21 or other numbers of strings. It is probably the best known traditional Korean musical instrument.
Martial arts
- Taekwondo
- Taekgyeon is believed that it originated with warriors from the Silla Dynasty (57 BCE–668 CE) who learned subak from the neighboring Goguryeo armies when they appealed for their help against invading Japanese pirates. Practicing subak became part of the training for Silla's hwarang, and this contributed to the spread of subak on the Korean peninsula. But again, it is not known exactly which techniques the hwarang practiced. Buddhist monks, who added more spiritual aspects to the art, often instructed the hwarang. Their greatest contribution to the development of Korean martial arts is probably adding a spiritual dimension to the training practices, something that Korean martial arts lacked before. Empty-handed combat appears to have played a small role; most of the emphasis was on armed combat. It has only been recently that empty-handed combat has gained more popularity than armed combat.[citation needed]
- Ssireum is a Korean wrestling style and is the traditional national sport of Korea.[citation needed] In the modern form each contestant wears a belt that wraps around the waist and the thigh. The competition employs a series of techniques, which inflict little harm or injury to the opponent: opponents lock on to each other's belt, and one achieves victory by bringing any part of the opponent's body above the knee to the ground.[23]
- Gukgung Korean archery, making use of a traditional composite horn bow.[citation needed]
Social sciences
- Blue Ocean Strategy denote all the industries not in existence today—the unknown market space, untainted by competition. The term was coined by W. Chan Kim.
Sports culture
- Thundersticks are inflated plastic tubes that make a loud clapping noise when struck together. They are usually used at sporting events but have also been used at political rallies in Korea.[24]
See also
- Science and technology in Korea
- Inventions of the Islamic Golden Age
- List of Chinese inventions
- List of Indian inventions
- List of Japanese inventions
- Timeline of historic inventions
Notes
- ^ Kim, Namung(2004) “The History of Korean Floor Heating System, Goodl(Ondol) through Literature and Relics” Seoul: Dankook University Press.
- ^ History of ondol
- ^ http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/070th_issue/98111805.htm
- ^ Thomas Christensen (2007). "Did East Asian Printing Traditions Influence the European Renaissance?". Arts of Asia Magazine (to appear). http://www.rightreading.com/printing/gutenberg.asia/gutenberg-asia-1-introduction.htm. Retrieved 2006-10-18.
- ^ Sohn, Pow-Key (summer 1993). "Printing Since the 8th Century in Korea". Koreana 7 (2): 4–9.
- ^ World Treasures of the Library of Congress. Retrieved 26 December 2006.
- ^ Michael Twyman, The British Library Guide to Printing: History and Techniques, London: The British Library, 1998 online
- ^ Sampson, Geoffrey (1990). Writing Systems. Stanford University Press.
- ^ "History of Rocket exhibition will be open". The Science Times. June 2010. http://www.sciencetimes.co.kr/article.do?todo=view&atidx=0000041077&WT.mc_id=sc_newsletter&WT.senddate=20100606&WT.linkid=0000041077.
- ^ Lee, Bum-gu (November 2011). "A far-sighted policy of Defence Acquisition Program Administration". The Korean Defence Daily. http://kookbang.dema.mil.kr/kdd/GisaView.jsp?menuCd=3001&menuSeq=4&menuCnt=30911&writeDate=20111130&kindSeq=1&writeDateChk=20111110.
- ^ 장영실
- ^ p. 97 Baek Seokgi. (1987). Woongjin Wi-in Jeon-gi #11 Yeong-sil Jang. Woongjin Publishing.
- ^ About.com Inventors
- ^ 측우기 測雨器, Naver encyclopedia
- ^ The Hankyoreh, 21. Feb. 2007.[1]
- ^ http://reviews.cnet.com/4520-6450_7-5622055-1.html
- ^ http://news.cnet.com/Bragging-rights-to-the-worlds-first-MP3-player/2010-1041_3-5548180.html
- ^ http://www.textually.org/ringtonia/archives/2004/12/006262.htm
- ^ http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Jan2007/4165.htm,
- ^ http://www.tmcnet.com/planetpdamag/articles/4660-lg-prada-develop-worlds-first-touch-screen-mobile.htm
- ^ Wright, Aaron (2007-02-20). "The iPhone Lawsuits". Apple Matters. http://www.applematters.com/index.php/section/comments/the-iphone-lawsuits/. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
- ^ Telecoms Korea News Service
- ^ http://ynucc.yeungnam.ac.kr/~ssi/Introduction/What_is_Ssireum_/what_is_ssireum_.html
- ^ [2]
References
- Fischer, Stephen Roger (2004). A History of Writing. Globalities. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 187–194. ISBN 1861891016. http://books.google.com/books?id=Ywo0M9OpbXoC&pg=PA187&vq=%22Korean+Writing%22. Retrieved 2009-04-03.
- Sampson, Geoffrey (1990). Writing Systems. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804717564.
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