Hulk film series | |
---|---|
Promotional art for The Incredible Hulk. |
|
Directed by | Ang Lee Louis Leterrier |
Produced by | Avi Arad Larry J. Franco Gale Anne Hurd Stan Lee James Schamus Kevin Feige |
Written by | Screenplay: James Schamus Michael France John Turman Story: James Schamus Comic Book: Stan Lee Jack Kirby (Hulk) Screenplay: Edward Norton (uncredited) Zak Penn Comic Book: Stan Lee Jack Kirby (The Incredible Hulk) |
Starring | Eric Bana Jennifer Connelly Sam Elliott Nick Nolte Josh Lucas (Hulk) Edward Norton Liv Tyler Tim Roth William Hurt (The Incredible Hulk) |
Music by | Danny Elfman (Hulk) Craig Armstrong (The Incredible Hulk) |
Cinematography | Frederick Elmes (Hulk) Peter Menzies Jr. (The Incredible Hulk) |
Editing by | Tim Squyres (Hulk) John Wright Rick Shaine Vincent Tabaillon (The Incredible Hulk) |
Distributed by | Universal Studios |
Release date(s) | 2003 – 2008 |
Running time | 250 minutes (Hulk and The Incredible Hulk) |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $287 million (Hulk and The Incredible Hulk) |
Gross revenue | $508,709,257 million (total, worldwide, both films) |
The Hulk film series consists of two superhero films based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name, portrayed by Eric Bana in Hulk and Edward Norton in The Incredible Hulk. The rights to a motion picture based on Hulk were purchased in 1990. Both films were produced by Universal's production.
Universal keeps the returned of Ang Lee to direct the Hulk with Eric Bana in the lead of film cast. In 2003, Lee returned to Hollywood to direct Hulk, his first big-budget movie. Reception was mixed from both the critics and audience and became a moderate success at the box office. After the setback, Lee considered retiring early, but his father encouraged him to continue making movies. After Hulk did not meet Universal's expectation, screenwriter James Schamus was planning a sequel, featuring the Gray Hulk, it came true as The Incredible Hulk, with Edward Norton as Hulk and all the cast set in Hulk was totally different with the cast in The Incredible Hulk. The Hulk film series started with Hulk in 2003 rebooted as The Incredible Hulk in 2008 and planned to become trilogy with another sequel of The Incredible Hulk.
Contents |
Development
Jonathan Hensleigh
Producers Avi Arad and Gale Anne Hurd started the development for Hulk in 1990.[1] Hurd explained the Hulk became her favorite superhero as a child because "When girls are growing up, they're the ones who are picked on. I had an older brother, and there's no way that you could ever really fight back. So, to me, the Hulk was wish fulfillment."[2] By December 1992 Marvel Studios was in discussions with Universal Pictures.[3] Michael France and Stan Lee were invited into Universal's offices in 1994, with France writing the script. Universal's concept was to have the Hulk battle terrorists, an idea France disliked. John Turman, a Hulk comic book fan, was brought to write the script in 1995, getting approval from Lee. Turman wrote ten drafts, being heavily influenced by the Tales to Astonish issues, which pitted the Hulk against General Ross and the military,[4] the Leader, Rick Jones and the atomic explosion origin from the comics,[5] and Brian Banner as the explanation for Bruce's inner anger. Universal had mixed feelings over Turman's script, but nonetheless future screenwriters used many elements brought by Turman.[4][6]
By late 1996 Hurd's husband Jonathan Hensleigh signed on as producer. Industrial Light & Magic was hired to use computer-generated imagery to create the Hulk. For the second time, France was invited to write the script.[7] By April 1997 Joe Johnston was directing with the film's title as The Incredible Hulk.[8] Universal wanted Hensleigh to write the script since he worked with Johnston on the financially successful Jumanji. France was fired before he wrote a single page, but received money from Universal. However, France still wanted to write the script.[7] Johnston dropped out of directing in July 1997 in favor of October Sky, paving the way for Hensleigh to have his directing debut. Turman was brought back a second time to write two more drafts. Zak Penn then rewrote it.[7][9] His script featured a fight between the Hulk and a school of sharks,[5] as well as two scenes he eventually used for the 2008 film; Banner realizing he is unable to have sex, and triggering a transformation by falling out of a helicopter.[10] Hensleigh rewrote from scratch, coming up with a brand new storyline.[7] In August 1997 Hensleigh completed his script, featuring Bruce Banner, who prior to the accident which will turn him into The Hulk, performs experiments with gamma-irradiated insect DNA on three convicts. This transforms the convicts into "insect men" that cause havoc.[7][11]
Filming was set to start in December 1997 in Arizona for a mid-1999 release date, but was pushed back to April 1998.[11][12] Hensleigh subsequently rewrote the script with J. J. Abrams. Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski were also brought on board to rewrite with Hensleigh still attached as director.[7] In October 1997, Hulk had entered pre-production with the creation of prosthetic makeup and computer animation already under way. Gregory Sporleder was cast as "Novak", Banner's archenemy. Lynn "Red" Williams was cast as a convict who transforms into a combination of human, ant and beetle.[12] In March 1998 Universal put Hulk on hiatus due to its escalating $100 million budget and worries of Hensleigh directing his first film. $20 million was already spent on script development, computer animation and prosthetics work. Hensleigh immediately went to rewrite the script in order to lower the budget.[13]
Michael France
Hensleigh found the rewriting process to be too difficult and dropped out, and felt he "wasted nine months in pre-production".[14] It took another eight months for France to convince Universal and the producers to let him try to write a script for a third time. France claimed "Someone within the Universal hierarchy wasn't sure if this was a science fiction adventure, or a comedy, and I kept getting directions to write both. I think that at some point when I wasn't in the room, there may have been discussions about turning it into a Jim Carrey or Adam Sandler movie."[7] France was writing the script on fast track from July—September 1999. Filming for The Incredible Hulk was to start in April 2000.[15][16]
France stated his vision of the film was different from the other drafts, which based Bruce Banner on his "amiable, nerdy genius" incarnation in the 1960s. France cited inspiration from the 1980s Hulk stories which introduced Brian Banner, Bruce's abusive father who killed his mother. His script had Banner trying to create cells with regenerative capabilities in order to prove to himself that he is not like his father.[7] However, he has anger management issues before the Hulk is even created, which makes everything worse. The "Don't make me angry..." line from the TV series was made into dialogue that Banner's father would say before beating his son. Elements such as the "Gammasphere", Banner's tragic romance with Ross, and the black ops made it to the final film. France turned in his final drafts in late 1999—January 2000.[7]
Ang Lee
Michael Tolkin and David Hayter rewrote the script afterwards, despite positive response from the producers over France's script. Tolkin was brought in January 2000, while Hayter was brought in September of that year. Hayter's draft featured The Leader, Zzzax and the Absorbing Man as the villains, who are depicted as colleagues of Banner and get caught in the same accident that creates the Hulk.[7][17][18] Director Ang Lee and his producing partner James Schamus became involved with the film in January 2001.[19] Lee was dissatisfied with Hayter's script, and commissioned Schamus for a rewrite, merging Banner's father with the Absorbing Man to create a physical antagonist.[7][20] Lee cited influences from King Kong, Frankenstein, Jekyll and Hyde, Beauty and the Beast, Faust and Greek mythology for his interpretation of the story.[21] Schamus said he had found Peter David's storyline that introduced Brian Banner, thus allowing Lee to write a drama that again explored father-son themes.[22]
Schamus was still rewriting the script in October 2001.[23] In early 2002, as filming was underway, Michael France read all the scripts for the Writers Guild of America, to determine who would get final credit. France criticized Schamus and Hayter for claiming they were aiming to make Banner a deeper character, and was saddened they had denigrated his and Turman's work in interviews. Schamus elected to get solo credit. France felt, "James Schamus did a significant amount of work on the screenplay. For example, he brought in the Hulk dogs from the comics and he made the decision to use Banner's father as a real character in the present. But he used quite a lot of elements from John Turman's scripts and quite a lot from mine, and that's why we were credited."[7][24][25] France, Turman and Schamus received final credit. A theatrical release date for June 20, 2003 was announced in December 2002, with the film's title as The Hulk.[26]
Filming began on March 18, 2002 in Arizona, and moved on April 19 to the San Francisco Bay Area. This included Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley labs, Oakland, Treasure Island military base and the sequoia forests of Porterville, before several weeks in the Utah and Californian deserts. Filming then moved to the Universal backlot in Los Angeles, using Stage 12 for the water tank scene, before finishing in the first week of August. Filming of Hulk constituted hiring 3000 local workers, generating over $10 million into the local economy.[27][28][29][30] Mychael Danna, who previously collaborated with Lee on Ride with the Devil and The Ice Storm, was set to compose the film score before dropping out. Danny Elfman was then hired.[31]
Eric Bana commented that the shoot was, "Ridiculously serious... a silent set, morbid in a lot of ways." Lee told him that he was shooting a Greek tragedy: he would be making a "whole other movie" about the Hulk at Industrial Light & Magic. An example of Lee's art house approach to the film was taking Bana to watch a bare-knuckle boxing match.[22] Visual effects supervisor Dennis Muren was on the set every day.[1] One of the many visual images in the film that presented an acting challenge for Bana was a split screen technique employed by Lee to cinematically mimic the panels of a comic book page. This required many more takes of individual scenes than normal.[32] Sound design was completed at Skywalker Sound. Muren and other ILM animators used previous technology from Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (for the Dobby character) to create the Hulk with computer-generated imagery. Other software used included PowerAnimator, Softimage XSI and RenderMan Interface Specification. ILM started computer animation work in 2001, and completed in May 2003, just one month before the film's release.[33] Lee provided some motion capture work in post-production.[34]
Development for sequel
At the time of the release of Ang Lee's Hulk, screenwriter James Schamus was planning a sequel, featuring the Gray Hulk. He was also considering the Leader and the Abomination as villains.[35] Marvel wanted the Abomination because he was the most famous enemy, and because he would be an actual threat to the Hulk, unlike General Ross.[36] During the filming of Hulk, producer Avi Arad had a target May 2005 theatrical release date.[37] On January 18, 2006 Arad confirmed Marvel Studios would be providing the money for The Incredible Hulk's production budget, with Universal distributing,[38] because Universal did not meet the deadline for filming a sequel.[39] Marvel felt it would be better to deviate from Ang Lee's style to continue the franchise, arguing his film was like a parallel universe one-shot comic book, and their next film needed to be, in Kevin Feige's words, "really starting the Marvel Hulk franchise". Producer Gale Anne Hurd also felt the film had to meet what "everyone expects to see from having read the comics and seen the TV series".[40]
Louis Leterrier, who enjoyed the TV series as a child and liked the first film,[40][41] had expressed interest in directing the Iron Man film adaptation. Jon Favreau had taken that project, so Marvel offered him the Hulk. Leterrier was reluctant as he was unsure if he could replicate Lee's style, but Marvel explained that was not their intent.[42] Leterrier's primary inspiration was Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale's Hulk: Gray (a retelling of his first appearance). He replicated every comic book panel that he pinned-up during pre-production, from the many comics he browsed, in the final film.[41] Leterrier said that he planned to show Bruce Banner's struggle with the monster within him,[43] while Feige added the film would explore "that element of wish fulfillment, of overcoming an injustice or a bully and tapping into a strength that you didn't quite realize you had in yourself".[44] Arad also said the film would be "a lot more of a love story between Bruce Banner and Betty Ross".[45]
Zak Penn, who wrote a draft of the first film in 1996, said the film would follow up Hulk, but stressed it would be more tonally similar to the TV show and Bruce Jones' run on the comic. He compared his script to Aliens, which was a very different film to Alien, but still in the same continuity.[46] He included two scenes from his 1996 script: Banner jumping from a helicopter to trigger a transformation, and realizing he is unable to have sex with Betty.[47] Penn wrote three drafts, before departing in early 2007 to direct The Grand. Norton, who had rewritten previous films he starred in, wrote a new draft, which pleased the director and the studio in establishing the film as a reboot.[48] Leterrier acknowledged the only remaining similarity between the two films was Bruce hiding in South America,[41] and that the film was a unique reboot, as generally audiences would have expected another forty minute origin story.[49] There were previous discussions to set the first act in Thailand.[50] Leterrier felt audiences were left restless waiting for the character to arrive in Ang Lee's film.[49] Gale Anne Hurd noted fans dubbed the film a "requel", a portmanteau of reboot and sequel.[51]
Norton explained of his decision to ignore Lee's origin story, "I don't even like the phrase origin story, and I don't think in great literature and great films that explaining the roots of the story doesn't mean it comes in the beginning."[52] "Audiences know this story," he added, "[so] deal with it artfully." He wanted to "have revelations even in the third act about what set this whole thing in motion".[53] The new origin story references Ultimate Marvel's take on the Hulk, which also had him created in an attempt to create supersoldiers.[54] Norton deleted Rick Jones and toned down S.H.I.E.L.D.'s presence.[40] He also added the scene where Banner attempts to extract a cure from a flower and his e-mailing with Samuel Sterns,[47] which references Bruce Jones' story.[55] Norton rewrote scenes every day.<name=controversy>Jake Rossen (2008-03-27). "Q&A: Tim Roth". Wizard. http://www.wizarduniverse.com/032708rothqanda.html. Retrieved 2008-03-30.</ref> Ultimately, the Writers Guild of America decided to credit the script solely to Penn,[56] who argued Norton had not dramatically changed his script. Journalist Anne Thompson explained "The Guild tends to favor plot, structure and pre-existing characters over dialogue." Before either Penn and Norton joined the project, an anonymous screenwriter wrote a draft and lobbied for credit.[47]
Film series
After this long development history, all of the Hulk films were produced by Avi Arad, Larry J. Franco, Gale Anne Hurd, Stan Lee, James Schamus and Kevin Feige, distributed by the primary film production holding of Universal. They were directed by director Ang Lee and Louis Leterrier.
Hulk (2003)
Dr. Bruce Banner (Eric Bana) has involve in an accident with massive explosion of the facilities' gamma reactor and will becomes Hulk when he becomes angry, being chased by General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross (Sam Elliott) with a big army force with his assistant, Major Glenn Talbot. Bruce also leads his lover, Betty Ross (Jennifer Connelly).
The Incredible Hulk (2008)
Dr. Bruce Banner (Edward Norton) has involve in an accident with massive explosion of the facilities' gamma reactor and will becomes Hulk when his pulse rate reached more than 200 (which was shown in the beginning credits of the film) gets away from US and stayed in Brazil. After General Ross (William Hurt) knows that Bruce stays in Brazil, he strikes on him, making him go back to US survives from Emil Blonsky, who turns into Abomination after wanting a pleasure of becoming Hulk and leading his love towards his lab partner, Dr. Elizabeth "Betty" Ross (Liv Tyler).
Future
Samuel Sterns, played by Tim Blake Nelson, was introduced to set him up as a villain in a future film, where he would become the Leader.[40] Nelson hopes Marvel will ask him to reprise the role.[57] Aaron Sims, the lead designer on The Incredible Hulk, also took time to work on concepts for the Leader.[58] Nelson is signed on to reprise the role.[59] Gale Anne Hurd noted because the Leader is a cerebral villain, it would allow them to reinterpret the Hulk himself.[2] Ty Burrell wants to portray the superpowered Doc Samson faithfully to the comics.[59] Norton said, "The whole thing was to envision it in multiple parts. We left a lot out on purpose. [The Incredible Hulk] is definitely intended as chapter one."[53] Leterrier made the film's final shot of Banner ambiguous; the thought being if there is a sequel, it would mean Banner finally masters control over his anger; if there is not a sequel, the shot indicates instead that in the scheduled 2011 feature The Avengers, he becomes a menace.[60] Leterrier had also intended for a scene in the credits showing Blonsky, human once more, imprisoned and chained in a box.[61]
Leterrier and Roth are contracted to return. Leterrier also stated Norton was not signed on,[62] but in October 2008, Hurd stated he was contracted to reprise the role.[2] The film has outgrossed its predecessor and Universal indicated interest in a sequel.[63] However, by July 21, Leterrier believed a sequel would not be made because of the film's box office return. Leterrier is confident that the character will appear in The Avengers, even if Marvel does not ask Norton to fulfill his contract.[64] Kevin Feige said the film met Marvel's expectations and that Hulk will return, but after the crossover.[65] Hurd is not concerned that a sequel may not be produced until at least 2012, citing the positive reception to the film and having produced the Terminator series, the second and third film of which had a twelve year gap.[2]
Cast and characters
List indicator(s)
- A dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film.
Character | Media | |
---|---|---|
Hulk (2003) | The Incredible Hulk (2008) | |
Bruce Banner | Eric Bana | Edward Norton |
Hulk | Ang Lee (Mocap suit) | Edward Norton (Mocap suit) |
Betty Ross | Jennifer Connolly | Liv Tyler |
General Ross | Sam Elliot | William Hurt |
Harper | Kevin Rankin | |
Samuel Sterns | Tim Blake Nelson | |
David Banner | Nick Nolte | |
Emil Blonsky / Abomination | Tim Roth | |
Dr. Leonard Samson | Ty Burrell | |
Glenn Talbot | Josh Lucas | |
Edith Banner | Cara Buono | |
Mrs. Krenzler | Celia Weston | |
Stanley | Paul Soles | |
Stan Lee cameo | Stan Lee | |
Security Guard | Lou Ferrigno | |
Tony Stark | Robert Downey Jr. |
Reception
Box office performance
Film | Release date | Box office revenue | Box office ranking | Reference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Worldwide | United States | United States | Outside US | Worldwide | All time US | ||
Hulk | June 20, 2003 | June 20, 2003 | $132,177,234 | $113,183,246 | $245,360,480 | #25 (All time US-2003) | [66] |
The Incredible Hulk | June 13, 2008 | June 13, 2008 | $134,806,913 | $128,542,344 | $263,349,257 | #24 (All time US-2008) | [67] |
Hulk film series | $266,984,147 | $241,725,590 | $508,709,737 |
Release of Hulk
Universal Pictures spent $2.1 million to market the film in a 30-second T.V. spot during Super Bowl XXXVII on January 26, 2003.[68] Just weeks before the film's release, a number of workprints were leaked on the Internet. The visual and special effects were already being criticized, despite the fact that it was not the final editing cut of the film.[69] Hulk was released on June 20, 2003, earning $62.1 million in its opening weekend, which made it the 16th highest ever opener at the time. With a second weekend drop of 70%, it was the first opener above $20 million to drop over 65%.[70] The film went on to gross $132,177,234 in North America, and $113,183,246 in foreign countries, coming to a worldwide total of $245,360,480.[71] With a final North American gross of $132.2 million it became the largest opener not to earn $150 million.[72] Hulk also earned $61.2 million in DVD sales, bringing its total film gross to $306,560,480. [73] Producer Avi Arad called the film a disappointment at the box office, but declared Hulk's merchandising was successful enough to continue a sequel. This eventually led to rebooting the franchise with The Incredible Hulk.[74]
Hulk received mixed reviews. Rotten Tomatoes calculated a 61% approval rating,[75] and 53% from their "Top Critics" category.[76] By comparison Metacritic collected an average score of 54 based on 41 reviews.[77] Roger Ebert gave a largely positive review, explaining, "Ang Lee is trying to actually deal with the issues in the story of the Hulk, instead of simply cutting to brainless visual effects." Ebert also liked how the Hulk's movements resembled King Kong.[78] Although Peter Travers of Rolling Stone felt Hulk should have been shorter, he heavily praised the action sequences, especially the climax and cliffhanger.[79]
Release of The Incredible Hulk
The film was released on June 13, 2008, and in its opening weekend, grossed $55.4 million in 3,505 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking #1 at the box office.[80] The previous film earned $62.1 million in its opening weekend, but dropped 70% in its second weekend. The second film by comparison, dropped 60% in its second weekend.[81] Behind Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, it was the second-highest gross for a film released over a Father's Day weekend.[82] This surpassed the Los Angeles Times's report of expectations of a $45 million opening, following the disappointing response to the 2003 film. Universal believed word of mouth will contribute to the film eventually breaking even.[83] A CinemaScore poll indicated the majority of viewers were male and graded the film an A-, and 82% of them had seen the 2003 film.[84]
It also opened in thirty-eight other countries, which added $31 million to the total opening. The film outgrossed the 2003 film in South Korea, while its openings in Mexico and Russia created records for Universal.[85] The film grossed 24 million yuan (roughly $3.4 million) in its Chinese opening on August 26, outgrossing the previous film's overall gross of ten million yuan.[86] As of January 15, 2009, the film grossed $134,806,913 in the United States, as well as $128,542,344 internationally, bringing its worldwide gross to $263,349,257.[87] The film, even though it barely passed its predecessor, is still considered successful. Entertainment analyst David Davis told The Hollywood Reporter, "The first Hulk had such high expectations after the NBC Universal merger and was supposed to be critical favorite Ang Lee's breakout commercial blockbuster. Then with the new Hulk film, Marvel was able to underplay the importance of the success after the great success of Iron Man this summer. So the new one overdelivered, relative to its underpromise."[88]
Critical reaction
Film | Rotten Tomatoes | Metacritic | Yahoo! Movies | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Cream of the Crop | |||
Hulk | 61% (220 reviews)[89] | 55% (40 reviews)[90] | 54% (41 reviews)[91] | B- (15 reviews)[92] |
The Incredible Hulk | 67% (203 reviews)[93] | 59% (34 reviews)[94] | 61% (38 reviews)[95] | B- (14 reviews)[96] |
Home media of The Incredible Hulk
The film topped video sales when released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 21 2008 in the United States (having been available in the United Kingdom since October 13). There are widescreen and fullscreen single-disc editions; a three-disc special edition; and a two-disc Blu-ray package. The first disc contains an audio commentary by Leterrier and Roth, while the second comes with special features and deleted scenes, and the third with a digital copy of the film.[97] The Blu-ray edition compresses the content of the first two DVD discs onto one, while the second disc contains the digital copy.[98] The package features a green border, marking the first time the Blu-ray case for a film is not blue.[99] So far, it made $85,755,879 in home video sales, bringing its total film gross to $349,105,136.[100]
References
- ^ a b Rob Worley (2002-08-06). "Comic-Con: Hulk, Hulk, Hulk!". Comics2Film. http://www.comics2film.com/index.php?a=story&b=1464. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ a b c d Larry Carroll (2008-10-24). "'Incredible Hulk' Producer Wants To Make A Sequel, Which Could Include Edward Norton". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1597802/story.jhtml. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
- ^ "Marvel Characters holding attraction for filmmakers". Variety. 1992-12-12. http://www.variety.com/article/VR101955. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
- ^ a b Rob Worley (2003-05-30). "Countdown to Hulk: Screenwriter John Turman talks about a fan's dream job". Comic Book Resources. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=2191. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
- ^ a b Harry Knowles (1997-11-10). "Make John Turman or Zack Penn's Hulk Drafts, not Hensleigh's!!!!!!". Ain't It Cool News. http://www.aintitcool.com/node/248. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
- ^ Rob Worley (2003-06-01). "Countdown to Hulk: Screenwriter John Turman talks about Hulk and other heroes". Comic Book Resources. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=2196. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l David Hughes (2003). Comic Book Movies. London: Virgin Books. pp. 261–269. ISBN 0-7535-0767-6.
- ^ Michael Fleming (1997-04-14). "A Mania For Marvel". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117434784. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
- ^ Michael Fleming (1997-07-08). "Hoop duo go hip-hop". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1116677365. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
- ^ Anne Thompson (2008-06-13). "Incredible Hulk: Setting the Record Straight". Variety. http://weblogs.variety.com/thompsononhollywood/2008/06/incredible-hu-1.html. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
- ^ a b "U bulks up Hulk". Variety. 1997-08-11. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1116675959. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
- ^ a b Paul Karon (1997-10-31). "U adds duo to Hulk cast". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1116674626. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
- ^ Chris Petrikin (1998-03-02). "U has Hulk take a seat". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117468230. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
- ^ Ken P (2004-03-05). "An Interview With Jonathan Hensleigh". IGN. http://movies.ign.com/articles/496/496784p2.html. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
- ^ Michael Fleming (1999-07-13). "Marvel takes cue from its superheroes". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117503960. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
- ^ Michael Fleming (1999-09-02). "Stewart goes boldly; renewed U fills its slate". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117755342. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
- ^ KJB. "David Hater Talks Hulk". IGN. http://movies.ign.com/articles/036/036564p1.html. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
- ^ Dayna Van Buskirk. "Feature Article: The Lost Hulk: David Hayter's Draft". UGO Networks. http://screenwriting.ugo.com/film/incrediblehulkbyhayter.php. Retrieved 2007-04-22.
- ^ Cathy Dunkley (2001-01-12). "From Tiger to U's Hulk for helmer". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117791724.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
- ^ Andy Seiler (2001-04-13). "Ang Lee gets inside Hulk's head". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/2001-04-13-ang-lee.htm#more. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
- ^ Scott B (2003-06-17). "An Interview with Ang Lee". IGN. http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/424/424621p1.html. Retrieved 2007-04-16.
- ^ a b Adam Smith (2003-05-30). "The Beast Within". Empire. pp. 66–77.
- ^ Michael Fleming (2001-10-14). "Aussie has bulk for Hulk". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117854264. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
- ^ Rob Worley (2003-06-17). "Countdown to 'Hulk': Screenwriter Michael France talks Hulk, Punisher and Beyond". Comic Book Resources. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=2258. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ Rob Worley (2003-06-05). "Countdown to Hulk: Producers Avi Arad and Gale Anne Hurd talk". Comic Book Resources. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=2206. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
- ^ Rob Worley (2001-12-18). "Hulk Smashes In 2003!". Comics2Film. http://www.comics2film.com/index.php?a=story&b=53. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
- ^ Rob Worley (2002-04-16). "Berkeley Workers Make Way For The Hulk". Comics2Film. http://www.comics2film.com/index.php?a=story&b=639. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
- ^ David E.Williams (July 2003). "Temper, Temper,". American Cinematographer. http://www.theasc.com/magazine/july03/cover/page2.html#. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
- ^ Rob Worley (2002-08-09). "Marvel CC: Hulk TV, Daredevil Trailer 2, Punisher, More!". Comics2Film. http://www.comics2film.com/index.php?a=story&b=1488. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ Kevin Leung (2002-04-26). "Hulk Smashes San Fran!". Comics2Film. http://www.comics2film.com/index.php?a=story&b=764. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
- ^ Rob Worley (2003-04-03). "Comics2Film Wrap for April 3rd, 2003". Comic Book Resources. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=1991. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ Scott B (2003-06-19). "An Interview With Eric Bana". IGN. http://movies.ign.com/articles/425/425009p1.html. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
- ^ Rob Worley (2003-06-09). "Countdown to Hulk: Dennis Muren animates the big, green leading man". Comic Book Resources. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=2220. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ Rob Worley (2003-06-19). "Countdown to Hulk: Ang Lee's new green destiny". Comic Book Resources. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=2269. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ William Keck (2003-06-18). "Busting out: 'Hulk' stars aglow for the premiere". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/2003-06-18-hulk_x.htm. Retrieved 2006-08-18.
- ^ Becoming the Abomination, 2008 DVD featurette
- ^ Rob Worley (2002-03-11). "Arad Talks Spider-Man 2, Hulk 2". Mania. http://www.comics2film.com/index.php?a=story&b=477. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
- ^ Harry Knowles (2006-01-18). "Hulk 2 story BS!". Ain't It Cool News. http://www.aintitcool.com/display.cgi?id=22216. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
- ^ Steve Zeitchik (2006-02-23). "Marvel stock soars on rev outlook". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117938775. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ a b c d Nick de Semlyen (June 2008). "Fight Club". Empire: pp. 66–72.
- ^ a b c Edward Douglas (2008-04-20). "Exclusive: Letterier, Feige and Hurd on Hulk's Return". Superhero Hype!. http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=7102. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
- ^ Bryan Cairns (2008-05-28). "Director Louis Leterrier Talks Incredible Hulk". Newsarama. http://www.newsarama.com/film/080602-hulk-leterrier.html. Retrieved 2008-06-04.
- ^ "Comic-Con 2006: The Incredible Hulk Panel". IGN. 2006-07-23. http://filmforce.ign.com/articles/720/720544p1.html. Retrieved 2006-07-31.
- ^ "Kevin Feige on Fantastic Four 2, Iron Man and The Incredible Hulk". superheroflix.com. 2007-02-12. http://www.superheroflix.com/news/69/17669.php. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
- ^ "Make Ours Marvel". Empire: pp. 66. 2006-05-26.
- ^ Edward Douglas (2007-04-16). "Zak Penn on Norton as Hulk!". Superhero Hype!. http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=5506. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
- ^ a b c Anne Thompson (2008-06-13). "Incredible Hulk: Setting the Record Straight". Variety. http://weblogs.variety.com/thompsononhollywood/2008/06/incredible-hu-1.html. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
- ^ "Norton's Double Duty on Hulk". Superhero Hype!. 2007-08-15. http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=6209. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
- ^ a b "The Incredible Hulk: A Smashing Sampling of Scenes". Superhero Hype!. 2008-05-27. http://www.superherohype.com/news/hulknews.php?id=7258. Retrieved 2008-05-27.
- ^ Charlie Jane Anders (2008-06-20). "The Hulk Almost Trashed Times Square, Designer Tells io9". io9. http://io9.com/5018068/the-hulk-almost-trashed-times-square-designer-tells-io9. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
- ^ Cal Kemp (2008-06-16). "Gale Anne Hurd Interview - The Incredible Hulk". Collider. http://www.collider.com/entertainment/interviews/article.asp/aid/8230/tcid/1. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ Edward Douglas (2007-07-28). "Live from Comic-Con: The Marvel Studios Panel!". Superhero Hype!. http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=6100. Retrieved 2007-07-29.
- ^ a b "Edward Norton". Total Film. 2008-03-07. http://www.totalfilm.com/features/world_exclusive_edward_norton_talks_incredible_hulk. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
- ^ Patrick Lee (2008-06-09). "The producers and director of Hulk flex their rebooting muscles to turn the franchise into a green machine". Sci Fi Weekly. http://www.scifi.com/sfw/interviews/sfw18987.html. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
- ^ Cal Kemp (2008-06-17). "Kevin Feige Interview - The Incredible Hulk". Collider.com. http://www.collider.com/entertainment/interviews/article.asp/aid/8236/tcid/1. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
- ^ Robert Sanchez (2008-06-04). "Zak Penn Receives Sole Writing Credit on The Incredible Hulk". IESB.net. http://www.iesb.net/index.php?option=com_ezine&task=read&page=1&category=1&article=5021. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- ^ Larry Carroll (2008-11-21). "Tim Blake Nelson Will Battle Hulk As ‘The Leader’ In ‘Incredible Hulk 2’ — With Or Without Ed Norton". MTV Splash Page. http://splashpage.mtv.com/2008/11/21/tim-blake-nelson-will-battle-hulk-as-the-leader-in-incredible-hulk-2-with-or-without-ed-norton/. Retrieved 2008-11-21.
- ^ Raffael Dickreuter (2008-06-14). "Designing the Incredible Hulk". XSI Base. http://www.xsibase.com/articles.php?detail=147. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ a b Shawn Adler (2008-06-12). "'Incredible Hulk' Stars, Director Already Have Wish List For 'Hulk 2': Iron Man, Samson, The Leader And More". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1589158/story.jhtml. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
- ^ Shawn Adler (2008-06-13). "Should Hulk Be The Villain In 'The Avengers'? You Decide, Says Hulk Director". MTV Movies Blog. http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2008/06/13/should-hulk-be-the-villain-in-the-avengers-you-decide-says-hulk-director/. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
- ^ Louis Leterrier and Tim Roth's audio commentary, 2008 DVD
- ^ Paul Fischer (2008-06-17). "Exclusive Interview: Louis Letterier for "The Incredible Hulk"". Dark Horizons. http://www.darkhorizons.com/interviews/letterier.php. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
- ^ Pamela McClintock (2008-07-04). "Box office outperforms expectations". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117988335.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-07-04.
- ^ Garth Franklin (2008-07-21). "Leterrier On More Hulk, America". Dark Horizons. http://www.darkhorizons.com/news08/080721k.php. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
- ^ Shawn Adler (2008-10-21). "Will We See The Incredible Hulk Again? Marvel President Says Yes". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1597523/story.jhtml. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
- ^ "Biggest Second Weekend Drops at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/drops.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-13.
- ^ "The Incredible Hulk (2008) - Weekend Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=incrediblehulk.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
- ^ Brian Linder (2003-01-24). "Super Bowl Shuffle". IGN. http://movies.ign.com/articles/383/383657p1.html. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
- ^ Rob Worley (2003-06-11). "Criminal Macabre, Transformers, Hulk and Spider-Man: Comics2Film wrap for June 11, 2003". Comic Book Resources. http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=2231. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
- ^ "Biggest Second Weekend Drops at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/drops.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-13.
- ^ "Hulk (2003)". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hulk.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
- ^ "Biggest Opening Weekends at the Box Office". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/. Retrieved 2007-03-13.
- ^ http://www.leesmovieinfo.net/Video-Sales.php?type=3&week_id=144&limit=54
- ^ Ken P (2004-02-19). "An Interview with Avi Arad". IGN. http://movies.ign.com/articles/491/491232p1.html. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
- ^ "Hulk (2003)". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hulk/. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
- ^ "Hulk (2003): Top Critics". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hulk/?critic=creamcrop. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
- ^ "Hulk, The (2003): Reviews". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/hulk?q=Hulk. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
- ^ "Hulk". Chicago Sun-Times. 2003-06-20. http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20030620/REVIEWS/306200304/1023. Retrieved 2008-06-04.
- ^ Peter Travers. "Hulk". http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/6151214/review/598.
- ^ "The Incredible Hulk (2008) - Weekend Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=incrediblehulk.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
- ^ "Hulk (2003) - Weekend Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=hulk.htm. Retrieved 2003-06-20.
- ^ Pamela McClintock (2008-06-15). "Box office goes green with 'Hulk'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117987500.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
- ^ Josh Friedman (2008-06-16). "New 'Incredible Hulk' may be bigger than old one". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/13/business/fi-projector13. Retrieved 2008-10-01.
- ^ Joshua Rich (2008-06-15). "'Hulk': An 'Incredible' Weekend Win". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20206822,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
- ^ Dave McNary (2008-06-15). "'Happening' beats 'Hulk' overseas". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117987501.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-06-16.
- ^ ""Incredible Hulk" takes in $3.5 mln from Chinese movie-goers". Xinhua News Agency. 2008-08-26. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-08/26/content_9712933.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ "The Incredible Hulk". Box Office Mojo. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=incrediblehulk.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ Carl DiOrio (2008-07-08). "'Hulk' versus 'Hulk': Similar boxoffice receives different reactions". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i28e0d4f7991010727c5ef800dea6ce69. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
- ^ "Hulk". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hulk/.
- ^ "Hulk (Cream of the Crop)". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hulk/?critic=creamcrop.
- ^ "Hulk (2003): Reviews". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/hulk/.
- ^ "Hulk - Critics Reviews". Yahoo! Movies. http://movies.yahoo.com/shop?d=hv&cf=info&id=1807592188.
- ^ "The Incredible Hulk". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_incredible_hulk/.
- ^ "The Incredible Hulk (Cream of the Crop)". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_incredible_hulk/?critic=creamcrop.
- ^ "The Incredible Hulk (2008): Reviews". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/incrediblehulk.
- ^ "The Incredible Hulk - Critics Reviews". Yahoo! Movies. http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1808495230/info.
- ^ Dave Foster (2008-08-26). "The Incredible Hulk (R1) in October - Full details". DVD Times. http://www.dvdtimes.co.uk/content.php?contentid=68589. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ Dave Foster (2008-08-26). "The Incredible Hulk (US BD) in October". DVD Times. http://www.dvdtimes.co.uk/content.php?contentid=68657. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ "The Incredible Hulk Blu-ray Packaging, BD-Live, and Additional Footage". The HD Room. 2008-08-19. http://www.thehdroom.com/news/The_Incredible_Hulk_Blu-ray_Packaging_BD-Live_and_Additional_Footage/3309. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "The Incredible Hulk - DVD Sales". The Numbers. http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2008/HULK2-DVD.php. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
|