Adaptations of Captain America in other media | |
---|---|
Created by | Joe Simon Jack Kirby |
Original source | Comics published by Marvel Comics |
First appearance | Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941) |
Print publications | |
Novel(s) | The Great Gold Steal (1968) Captain America: Liberty's Torch (1998) |
Films and television | |
Film(s) | Captain America (1944) Captain America (1979) Captain America (1990) Ultimate Avengers (2006) |
Television show(s) |
The Marvel Super Heroes (1966) |
Games | |
Video game(s) | Captain America in: The Doom Tube of Dr. Megalomann (1987) Captain America and the Avengers (1991) |
Since the 1940s, the comic book character Captain America has been presented in a variety of other media, including serial films, feature films, animations, video games, and even as a stage play.
Contents |
Animation
Captain America has appeared in the following animated TV series:
The Marvel Super Heroes
- The Marvel Super Heroes (1966): Captain America was one of the five featured superheroes, starring one "Captain America" segment a week. Out of all of his appearances in other media this version of Captain America is most faithful to the comic books.
Spider-Man (1981 TV series) and Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends
- Spider-Man (1981): Guest-starred in one episode, "The Capture of Captain America". He was voiced by George DiCenzo.
- Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends (1981): He appeared in the following Spider-Man series in two episodes, "7 Little Superheroes" and "Pawns of the Kingpin", where he was again voiced by DiCenzo.
Marvel animated universe
- X-Men (1992): Captain America appeared in one episode, "Old Soldiers". He is an American agent, sent along with Canadian agent Wolverine, to rescue a scientist kidnapped by the Red Skull and the Nazis. He is present in the episode only in flashbacks of Wolverine's. Captain America is voiced by Lawrence Bayne, who probably sounded familiar because he also provided voices for Cable and Erik the Red in the same series. The Red Skull was voiced by Cedric Smith, who also voiced Professor X throughout the series.[1]
- An alternate version of Captain America appeared in the episode One Man's Worth. In a timeline in which Charles Xavier was murdered before founding the X-Men, Captain America is the leader of a taskforce of superhuman mutant hunters fighting a war against the Mutant Resistance led by Magneto.
- Spider-Man (1994): Captain America made a few appearances, where he was voiced by David Hayter:
- He first appeared in "The Cat" (Season #4 Ep 43) with a mere cameo when Peter Parker is narrating a flashback scene with Captain America.
- He appeared in the last three episodes of the "Six Forgotten Warriors" saga. The third provides a flashback scene explaining Captain America's disappearance after World War II: he and the Red Skull were trapped in a dimensional machine for the last 50 years. In the last two episodes Captain America is released from the machine (with the Red Skull), and in the final installment he and the Red Skull fight and are, in the end, trapped in the machine once again.
- In the "Secret Wars" three-parter, Captain America was one of the heroes Spider-Man selected to lead against the villains, choosing him due to his past experience with the Red Skull. At the end of the arc, the Beyonder sent back every hero (except for Spider-Man) back to Earth, and Captain America became trapped with the Red Skull again.
- The Avengers: United They Stand (1999): Captain America appears in one episode, "Command Decision". The story involves the Masters of Evil and a flashback to Captain America defeating Baron Zemo. He was voiced by Dan Chameroy.
X-Men: Evolution
- X-Men: Evolution (2000): Captain America (along with Nick Fury) appears in one episode, "Operation Rebirth". In this episode he is made into the super solider during World War 2 through the use of a stasis tank chamber called Operation Rebirth, similar to the comics. He gains incredible physical prowess much like his comic book counterpart, but at a hefty price; a defect in the process causes eventual cellular breakdown, forcing Captain America to be put into stasis until a cure can be found. During World War II, he participates in a joint operation with Canadian soldier Logan to liberate a POW camp, where he saves a boy named Erik Lehnsherr, the future Magneto. When he begins to break down, he and Logan destroy Project Rebirth's stasis tank so that no one else will have to suffer through his condition. Logan later learns that another one was made and subsequently stolen by Magneto, as it has a fountain of youth-like effect on mutants.
Robot Chicken
- Captain America appears in the Robot Chicken episode "Tapping a Hero." In the "Superheroes Tonight" segment, Captain America ends up in hot water with the ACLU after bullets shot from the Red Skull's gun deflected off his shield and struck many pedestrians.
The Super Hero Squad Show
- Captain America appears in The Super Hero Squad Show voiced by Tom Kenny.[2] In this show he is seen as a leader who will often go rambling about the 30's and 40's, and still seems to have friends from those times as well ("If that's Roosevelt calling, tell him I'm not here").
Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes
- Captain America will appear in Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes.[3]
Television
The 1970s live-action television movies
Captain America
- Captain America appeared in two 1979 live-action television movies that aired on CBS: Captain America, which aired January 19, 1979, and Captain America II: Death Too Soon, which aired November 23, 1979, both starring Reb Brown in the title role. The character differs significantly from the comics in both his origin and his operations. For instance, Steve Rogers is a character in contemporary times whose father was a 1940s government agent. The very patriotic attitude of Steve's father earned him the nickname Captain America, and his father is spoken of as having been murdered. Rogers, a former Marine now making what little living he makes as an artist, was inspired by this story to sketch a super-hero. After receiving potentially fatal injuries in an accident, he was administered an experimental chemical called the FLAG—Full Latent Ability Gain—formula (at one point referred to as a "super-steroid") which not only saves his life but also enhances his body with heightened strength and reflexes. These new abilities lead Dr. Simon Mills (Len Birman), the research biochemist and intelligence official who had told Rogers about his father, to recruit him and give Steve a costume based on his drawing. As Captain America, he also makes significant use of a specialized reconstruction of the van he has been driving, out the rear of which can be launched a modified motorcycle. The bike has a round windshield, described as being made of "Jet-Age plastics," with concentric circles that alternate between red and transparent around a centered star, blue in color. He is able to detach this, and he uses it as his shield when he goes on foot. At the end of the first movie, Rogers briefly appears in a redesigned costume—more accurately a uniform—that bears a stronger resemblance to the uniform Captain America is seen wearing in the comics, and he wears this uniform in the sequel.
Captain America II: Death Too Soon
- In Captain America II: Death Too Soon, Brown's Steve Rogers is first shown sketching a portrait of a Mrs. Shaw (Susan French), who complains to him about a gang of muggers who have been stealing the proceeds from cashed Social Security checks; she denies having cashed hers. He bids her do this in order to set a trap for the muggers, and springs the trap as Captain America. In the meantime, a free-lance revolutionary terrorist calling himself General Miguel (Christopher Lee), planning to fight an unspecified war, kidnaps a Professor Ian Ilson (Christopher Cary) and forces him to resume his research in manipulative gerontology. Ilson has managed to formulate both a chemical that accelerates aging and the antidote to the same chemical, and Miguel, posing as the warden of a prison in Oregon near Portland, plans to use the chemicals in question to hold Portland hostage for a multi-million-dollar ransom. Ultimately Brown's Captain America and Lee's General Miguel directly clash face-to-face, and when Miguel throws a glass bottle of the aging accelerant into the air, hoping it will shatter against Captain America's body, the Captain throws his shield into the air, where it shatters the bottle in such a manner that the aging accelerant splashes Miguel instead, aging him literally to death in less than a minute.
Television shows
- What was described by Marvel Comics Editor in Chief Joe Quesada as "one of Captain America's shields" after Steve Rogers' death was presented to Stephen Colbert on his show The Colbert Report on March 12, 2007, and it continues to hang on the wall of the Colbert Report set.
Spider-Woman motion comics
Captain America appears in the Spider-Woman motion comics. In this series, he is voiced by Jeffrey Hedquist.
1980 PSA
- Captain America also appeared in a 1980 Public Service Announcement on energy conservation, in which he battled the Thermal Thief, the Wattage Waster and the Cold Air Crook.
Captain America references in media
- During the initiation process in the movie Men in Black, Will Smith's character laughs at one of the other potential recruits, referring to him as "Your boy Captain America over here."
- During the episode of Criminal Minds entitled "The Tribe", when the FBI shows up after an attempted massacre at a school, Agent Hotchner says "There are five people tied up inside." after which Blackwolf says "There was a sixth, but Captain America here shot him."
- In the episode of the television series Angel called "Why We Fight", during a flashback to World War II, while two sailors are talking about Angel's abilities, one sailor says "Maybe he's a super-soldier, you know, like Steve Rogers or Captain America." To which the other sailor says "Steve Rogers IS Captain America, idiot."
- During episode nine of season five of Criminal Minds, Agent Hotchner's son wears a Captain America shirt throughout the episode. Also, while his wife and son are being watched by the serial killer The Reaper, he taunts Agent Hotchner by asking "Does your son like Captain America because of you?"
Films
Captain America (1944 serial)
Captain America was the first Marvel Comics character adapted into another medium with the release of the 1944 movie serial Captain America.[4] The serial portrays the hero as a district attorney named Grant Gardner and removes many important elements of the character, such as his trademark shield and his sidekick Bucky Barnes.
3 Dev Adam
3 Dev Adam (translated as Three Mighty Men but also known as Captain America and Santo vs. Spider-Man) is a 1973 Turkish film featuring the characters of Captain America (sans shield) and Mexican wrestling superhero and serial star Santo (persona only) as heroes from the Americas called to Turkey to take on a bizarre, bushy-eyebrowed, green version of Spider-Man as the serial-killing villain.
Captain America (1990 film)
The 1990 film Captain America, starring Matt Salinger, was shot in Yugoslavia. It depicted the creation of Captain America from weak soldier Steve Rogers, his fight in World War II and subsequent apparent death, his being found decades later frozen in ice, and his realization and comprehension that our enemies from the war are now our allies, as well as the hero's battle against the Red Skull, who in the film is an Italian fascist rather than a German Nazi.
This film was never officially released in the United States in theaters, but it was released on VHS by 1992.
Ultimate Avengers series
Captain America appeared in the animated films Ultimate Avengers and Ultimate Avengers 2, both released direct to video in 2006 and featuring an Ultimate Marvel version of Captain America. In this version, his identity is known to everyone and Nick Fury and Betty Ross found him in the ice. He was voiced by Justin Gross.
The First Avenger: Captain America
A film titled The First Avenger: Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios, is due for release on July 22, 2011.[5] It is being directed by Joe Johnston.[6] It has been confirmed that shooting for the film will commence in June 2010, or around this time.
Development
In April 1997, Marvel Studios was in negotiations with Mark Gordon and Gary Levinsohn to produce Captain America. In addition Larry Wilson and Leslie Bohem were set to write a script.[7] In May 2000, Marvel teamed with Artisan Entertainment to help finance the film.[8] However, a lawsuit arose between Marvel Comics and Joe Simon over the ownership of Captain America copyrights, disrupting the development process of the film. The lawsuit was eventually settled in September 2003.[9] In 2005, Marvel received a $525 million investment from Merrill Lynch, allowing them to independently produce ten films, including Captain America. Paramount Pictures agreed to distribute the film.[10][11]
Originally, the film would stand alone; producer Kevin Feige said "about half" the movie would be set during World War II before moving into the modern day.[12] Producer Avi Arad said, "The biggest opportunity with Captain America is as a man 'out of time', coming back today, looking at our world through the eyes of someone who thought the perfect world was small-town United States. Sixty years go by, and who are we today? Are we better?" He cited the Back to the Future trilogy as an influence, and claimed he had "someone in mind to be the star, and definitely someone in mind to be the director".[13] In February 2006, Arad hoped to have a summer 2008 theatrical release date.[14] Jon Favreau approached Arad to direct the film as a comedy, but he chose to make Iron Man instead.[15] In July 2006, David Self was hired to write the script.[16] He explained Captain America was his favorite superhero as a child because "my dad told me I could one day be Captain America".[17] Michael France was also interested.[18] Joe Johnston met with Marvel to discuss directing the film.[6]
Captain America was put on hold during the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. However, in January 2008, Marvel Entertainment reached an interim comprehensive agreement with the Writers Guild of America that would put writers immediately back to work on various projects that were under the company's development.[19] On May 5, 2008 (after the success of Iron Man), Marvel announced the film The First Avenger: Captain America for a May 6, 2011 release (before being slightly pushed back the next year).[20] The Incredible Hulk director Louis Leterrier viewed some of the concept art being created for the film, and was impressed enough to offer his services, but Marvel turned him down.[21] Leterrier said "I've seen some of the design work they're doing for Captain America, and it looks amazing". Johnston finally signed on in November 2008,[6] and he hired Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely (The Chronicles of Narnia) to rewrite.[22] Feige cited Johnston's directorial work on October Sky and The Rocketeer and his special effects work on the original Star Wars trilogy as to why he was an appropriate choice. Raiders of the Lost Ark will be an influence on the film, because they hope the film will not feel like a period piece.[23]
When asked whether anti-US sentiments would affect the film's box office, Feige said, "Marvel is perceived pretty well around the world right now, and I think putting another uber-Marvel hero into the worldwide box office would be a good thing. [...] We have to deal with much the same way that Captain America, when thawed from the Arctic ice, entered a world that he didn't recognize," similar to the way Stan Lee reintroduced the character in the 1960s.[24] Likewise, Arad noted "Captain America stands for freedom for all democracies, for hope all around the world. He was created to stop tyranny and the idea of stopping tyranny is important today as it was then and unfortunately it's not going to change because that's how the world works. So I think that we will have some interesting challenges but at the end of the day if the movie is terrific and the movie talks to the world, it's not about one place, it's about the world and I think [on] that basis it will be very successful."[25] Later, after the election of US President Barack Obama provided an upsurge of pro-US sentiment around the world, Feige commented, "The idea of change and hope has permeated the country, regardless of politics, and that includes Hollywood. Discussions in all our development meetings include the zeitgeist and how it's changed in the last two weeks. Things are being adjusted."
In December 2009, director Joe Johnston said he plans to start filming in June 2010.[26] In a separate interview that month, he described the film's pre-production: "Rick Heinrichs is production-designing and we're set up down in Manhattan Beach [California]. ... We have eight or ten really talented artists, and we all just sit around all day and draw pictures and say, 'Hey, wouldn't it be cool if we could do this?' It's that phase of the production where money doesn't matter: 'Let's put all the greatest stuff up on the wall and [then later] see what we can afford.'" The film, he said, will begin "in 1942, 1943" during World War II. "The stuff in the '60s and '70s [comic books] we're sort of avoiding. We're going back to the '40s, and then forward to what they're doing with Captain America now."[27] Johnston confirmed that the Red Skull would be the film's primary antagonist.[28] He has also stated that the World War Two-era super team the Invaders will be appearing in "the entire second half" of the film.[29]
Crossovers
In Iron Man, Captain America's shield can be seen in Tony Stark's workshop when JARVIS is removing his armor and Pepper Potts spots him.[30] According to an exclusive comic book released with the Wal-Mart deluxe DVD version of Iron Man, Howard Stark created the technology for the shield, and Tony Stark used a discarded prototype to help design the alloy used for his armor.[31] In the film The Incredible Hulk, General Ross mentions to Emil Blonsky that there was a World War II program that created a supersoldier serum. The supersoldier serum is shown as well as Dr. Reinstein referenced as its inventor. Blonsky is then injected with the serum in order to take on the Hulk.[32][33] In the film's deleted opening, Bruce Banner goes to the Arctic to commit suicide but transforms into the Hulk, smashing the glacier. A buried human figure and shield are visible, who are meant to be Rogers and his shield.[34]
Video games
- He is the protagonist in Captain America in: The Doom Tube of Dr. Megalomann (1987).
- Captain America appeared in Spider-Man and Captain America in Doctor Doom's Revenge (1989).
- He is one of four playable characters in Captain America and the Avengers (1991).
- He later appeared in Capcom's Marvel Super Heroes.
- Captain America appeared in the subsequent Marvel vs. Capcom series.
- Captain America appeared in Spider-Man and Venom: Maximum Carnage
- Captain America appeared in Avengers in Galactic Storm
- Captain America appeared in Spider-Man and Venom: Separation Anxiety
- Captain America as a playable character in Marvel Super Heroes: War of the Gems.
- Captain America appeared in the Spider-Man video game, voiced by Daran Norris.[citation needed] Venom and Black Cat call him in to rescue Spider-Man after he escapes from Doctor Octopus' undersea base.
- In Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro, an article in the Daily Bugle newspaper reporting the events of the last game gave Captain America credit to stopping "Doctor Octopus and Spider-Man's plot."
- Captain America had a cameo in The Amazing Spider-Man 2 for Game Boy
- Captain America had a cameo in the home-console versions of Electronic Arts' Marvel Nemesis: Rise of the Imperfects, in which he is defeated by an Imperfect; he appeared as a playable character in only the PSP version of this game.
- Captain America appeared as a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance voiced by Trev Broudy.[citation needed] He is seen mostly in the cut scenes with Spider-Man, Thor, and Wolverine. His costumes include his classic, Ultimate, WWII, and U.S. Agent outfits. A simulation disk has Captain America preventing Winter Soldier from launching missiles from the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier.[35]
- Captain America is a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2 voiced by David Kaye.[citation needed]
- Captain America is a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad (video game) voiced by Tom Kenny.[citation needed]
Toys
- Captain America was the ninth figurine in the Classic Marvel Figurine Collection.
- Captain America was also featured as a Mego figure in the 70's.
Novels
Cap was the subject of Marvel's second foray into prose book licensing: The Great Gold Steal by Ted White in 1968, following an Avengers novel in 1967. This novel presented a different version of Captain America.[36] The novel adds a further element to the Super-Soldier process wherein Rogers' bones are plated with stainless steel. Captain America also appears in several later novels, including 1998s Captain America: Liberty's Torch by Tony Isabella and Bob Ingersoll, in which the hero is put on trial for the imagined crimes of America by a hostile militia group.
Restaurant chain
There are currently three Captain America's restaurants, all of which located in the Republic of Ireland. The first Captain America's opened in 1971 in Grafton Street, Dublin, since then two other have opened, one in Cork City and the other in Tallaght. There is also a proposed store for Dundrum Town Centre.
Music
- The singer Jimmy Buffett published a song titled "Captain America".
- In 1985, a musical about Captain America was announced for Broadway. The piece, written by Mel Mandel and Norman Sachs, never actually premiered, although recordings of the score have surfaced.[37]
- A song by the classic rock band The Kinks, "Catch Me Now I'm Falling," uses Captain America in the song as the embodiment of the band's views on the government and the economic hardships in the 1970s.
- During the song "Paradise City" by Guns N' Roses, Captain America is mentioned in the last verse, before the chorus that segues to the fast, final part: "Captain America's been torn apart now/he's a court jester with a broken heart, he said/turn me around and take me back to the start/I must be losin' my mind, are you blind?/I've seen it all a million times".
- The opening line of the song "Arcadia" by the band Clutch is, "Captain America, where are you now?" It is featured on the 1991 EP, Pitchfork (later rereleased in 2005 as, Pitchfork & Lost Needles).
- In 2000, the progressive band moe. released a live version of their song "Captain America" on the album L. They followed the release later that year with a studio cut of the song on the Dither album.
- The band Styx has a song about Captain America on their album Cyclorama.
- In 2005, the collaboration album known as Roadrunner United, the song on track 15, "I Don't Wanna Be (A Superhero)" contains the line "Captain America is going to die".
- In 2007, independent artist Will Kouf released a story-based album or rock opera, based around the origin of Captain America.[38]
- In the song "Happy Time" by independent singer/songwriter Daniel Johnston, Daniel mentions his childhood love for "the comic books...my favorite was Captain America". Daniel also frequently depicts Captain America, and other Jack Kirby characters, in his artwork, which has been showcased in galleries such as the Whitney and Liverpool biennials.
See also
References
- ^ "tv.com - Old Soldiers X-Men: TAS Season 5". http://www.tv.com/x-men/old-soldiers/episode/56177/summary.html?tag=episodes;title;3.
- ^ Comics Continuum
- ^ Jenna Busch (2010-02-08). "AVENGERS Animated Assembling w/ Phil Lamarr". Newsarama. http://www.newsarama.com/tv/Lamarr-Avengers-Animated-100208.html. Retrieved 2010-02-08.
- ^ Daniels, p. 53
- ^ Marvel.com article
- ^ a b c Borys Kit (2008-11-09). "'Captain America' recruits director". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3i2a6531019c4147a66237829f7fff5112. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
- ^ Michael Fleming (1997-04-14). "A Mania For Marvel". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117434784.html?categoryid=3&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ Michael Fleming (2000-05-16). "Artisan deal a real Marvel". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117781709.html?categoryid=18&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ Meredith Amdur (2003-10-09). "Marvel sees big stock gains". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117893720.html?categoryid=1350&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ Ben Fritz; Dana Harris (2005-04-27). "Paramount pacts for Marvel pix". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117921812.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ Pamela McClintock (2005-06-21). "$500 mil pic fund feeds Warner Bros.". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117924871.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ "Captain America is Coming". IGN. 2007-06-14. http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/796/796582p1.html. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ Larry Carroll (2005). "Future Shocks: What's ahead for Avi Arad and his Marvel empire". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/shared/movies/interviews/a/arad_avi_062005/. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ Steven Zeitchick (2006-02-23). "Marvel stock soars on rev outlook". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117938775.html?categoryid=1056&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ Edward Douglas (2006-07-26). "Exclusive: Jon Favreau on Iron Man". Superhero Hype!. http://www.superherohype.com/news.php?id=4568. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ Chris Gardner (2006-07-18). "Where things stand on 5 stalled superheroes". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117947046.html?categoryid=2159&cs=1. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ Borys Kit (2006-04-28). "Marvel Studios outlines slew of superhero titles". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002424612. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ Stax (2003-06-19). "10 Questions: Mike France". IGN. http://movies.ign.com/articles/424/424582p2.html. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ Dave McNary (2008-01-24). "Lionsgate signs as WGA talks go on". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117979610.html. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ Marvel Entertainment (2008-05-05). "Marvel Studios Sets Four More Release Dates!". Superhero Hype!. http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=7165. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
- ^ Garth Franklin (2008-07-21). "Leterrier On More "Hulk", "United States"". Dark Horizons. http://www.darkhorizons.com/news08/080721k.php. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ Borys Kit and Jay A. Fernandez (2008-11-18). "'Captain America' enlists two scribes". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3ia94c7ef2006ea33dd522d7c6ad91fa12. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
- ^ Alex Billington (2009-06-07). "Profile on Marvel Studios with Big Updates from Kevin Feige". FirstShowing.net. http://www.firstshowing.net/2009/06/07/profile-on-marvel-studios-with-big-updates-from-kevin-feige/. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
- ^ "Captain America is Coming". IGN. 2007-06-14. http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/796/796582p1.html. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ Robert Sanchez (2007-04-21). "Exclusive Interview: Avi Arad and the IESB Go 1:1!". IESB. http://iesb.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2344&Itemid=99. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ Mark Salisbury (2009-12-23). "Terror Tidbits (Fango #290): THE WOLFMAN: Hair Today, Gore Tomorrow". Fangoria. http://fangoria.com/component/content/article/119-terror-tidbits/4817-terror-tidbits-fango-290-the-wolfman-hair-today-gore-tomorrow.html. Retrieved 2009-12-29.
- ^ Lovece, Frank. "Wolfman in London: Joe Johnston resurrects a Universal horror legend", Film Journal International, January 25, 2010
- ^ "Red Skull Confirmed as Captain America Villain". SuperHeroHype. 2010-02-06. http://www.superherohype.com/news/captainamericanews.php?id=9051. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
- ^ [1]FilmBuffOnline, Feb. 7, 2010
- ^ Patrick Lee (2008-05-22). "Captain America, Thor Details Leaked". Sci Fi Wire. http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=0&id=54651. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
- ^ Christos Gage (w), Hugo Petrus (p,i). Iron Man: Security Measures (October 2008), Wal-Mart
- ^ Eric Moro (2008-06-09). "Hulk Director Speaks". IGN. http://movies.ign.com/articles/880/880361p2.html. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
- ^ Edward Douglas (2008-04-20). "The Incredible Hulk Smashes New York Comic-Con". Superhero Hype!. http://www.superherohype.com/news/topnews.php?id=7097. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
- ^ Larry Carroll (2008-10-23). "‘Hulk’ Producer Talks Sequels, Avengers And Frozen Captain America". MTV Splash Page. http://splashpage.mtv.com/2008/10/23/hulk-producer-talks-sequels-avengers-and-frozen-captain-america/. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
- ^ Denick, Thom (2006). Marvel Ultimate Alliance: Signature Series Guide. Indianapolis, Indiana: Brady Games. pp. 6, 7, 65, 128, 203, 213. ISBN 0-7440-0844-1.
- ^ Earth-6871 (Captain America: The Great Gold Steal)
- ^ "The New York Times (April 5, 1985): "Broadway" (column) by Enid Nemy. Article requires payment or registration.". http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10714FD395C0C768CDDAD0894DD484D81&n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fN%2fNemy%2c%20Enid.
- ^ "Will Kouf Music (October 23, 2007)". http://www.archive.org/details/CaptainAmerica.
External links
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