The list of British Columbia by-elections includes every by-election held in the Canadian province of British Columbia. By-elections occur whenever there is a vacancy in the Legislative Assembly, although an imminent general election may allow the vacancy to remain until the dissolution of parliament. The most recent by-elections took place on October 29, 2008, in the districts of Vancouver-Burrard and Vancouver-Fairview.
Causes
A by-election occurs whenever there is a vacancy in the Legislative Assembly. Vacancies can occur for the following reasons:
- Death of a member.[1] The last time a sitting MLA died was Fred Gingell in 1999.[2] In addition, elected MLA's sometimes die before taking their seats. The last time this happened was in 1924 when John McKie died before the first session.[3]
- Resignation of a member.[1]
- Recall of a member.[1] This has never happened. However, former MLA Paul Reitsma was unofficially recalled because he resigned just as a recall attempt nearly succeeded.[4]
- Voided results. The last time a by-election took place for this reason was in 1904.[5] The most recent any election has come close to being voided was in 1963.[6]
- Expulsion from the legislature.[1]
- Ineligibility to sit.[1]
- Winning in more than one district during a general election. The last time that happened was in 1921.[7] It has been forbidden to run in multiple districts since 1940.[8]
- A riding being established during a parliament. The only time a by-election took place because of this was in early 1934, in Columbia.[9]
When there is a vacancy, a by-election must be called within six months of the Chief Electoral Officer learning of it. The only exception is when a member has been recalled. In that case, a by-election must be held with 90 days.[1]
38th Parliament 2005-2009
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vancouver-Burrard | October 29, 2008 | Lorne Mayencourt | Liberal | Spencer Herbert | NDP | Resignation | No | ||
Vancouver-Fairview | October 29, 2008 | Gregor Robertson | NDP | Jenn McGinn | NDP | Resignation | Yes |
37th Parliament 2001-2005
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surrey-Panorama Ridge | October 28, 2004 | Gulzar Cheema | Liberals | Jagrup Brar | NDP | Resignation | No |
36th Parliament 1996-2001
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delta South | December 7, 1999 | Fred Gingell | Liberals | Val Roddick | Liberals | Death | Yes | ||
Parksville-Qualicum | December 14, 1998 | Paul Reitsma | Independent* | Judith Reid | Liberals | Resignation | No | ||
Surrey-White Rock | September 15, 1997 | Wilf Hurd | Liberals | Gordon Hogg | Liberals | Resignation | Yes |
* Reitsma is a former Liberal.[10]
35th Parliament 1991-1996
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delta South | May 3, 1995 | Harry De Jong | Social Credit | John van Dongen | Liberals | Resignation | No | ||
Vancouver-Quilchena | February 17, 1994 | Art Cowie | Liberals | Gordon Campbell | Liberals | Resignation | Yes | ||
Matsqui | February 17, 1994 | Peter Dueck | Independent* | Mike de Jong | Liberals | Resignation | No |
* Dueck is a former Socred.[11]
34rd Parliament 1986-1991
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oak Bay-Gordon Head | December 13, 1989 | Brian Smith | Social Credit | Elizabeth Cull | NDP | Resignation | No | ||
Cariboo | September 20, 1989 | Alex Fraser | Social Credit | David Zirnhelt | NDP | Death | No | ||
Nanaimo | March 15, 1989 | Dave Stupich | NDP | Jan Pullinger | NDP | Resignation | Yes | ||
Vancouver-Point Grey | March 15, 1989 | Kim Campbell | Social Credit | Tom Perry | NDP | Resignation | No | ||
Alberni | November 19, 1988 | Robert Skelly | NDP | Gerard Janssen | NDP | Resignation | Yes | ||
Boundary-Similkameen | June 8, 1988 | James Hewitt | Social Credit | Bill Barlee | NDP | Resignation | No |
33nd Parliament 1983-1986
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Okanagan North | November 8, 1984 | Donald Campbell | Social Credit | Lyle MacWilliam | NDP | Death | No | ||
Vancouver East | November 8, 1984 | Dave Barrett | NDP | Robert Williams | NDP | Resignation | Yes |
32st Parliament 1979-1983
As of March 2008, the Kamloops by-election is the most recent by-election won by the governing party. Since then, governing parties have lost seventeen consecutive by-elections and counting.[12]
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kamloops | May 14, 1981 | Rafe Mair | Social Credit | Claude Richmond | Social Credit | Resignation | Yes |
31st Parliament 1975-1979
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oak Bay | March 20, 1978 | George Wallace | Progressive Conservative | Victor Stephens | Progressive Conservative | Resignation | Yes | ||
Vancouver East | June 3, 1975 | Robert Williams | NDP | Dave Barrett | NDP | Resignation | Yes |
30th Parliament 1972-1975
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North Vancouver-Capilano | February 5, 1974 | David Brousson | Liberal | Gordon Gibson Jr | Liberal | Resignation | Yes | ||
South Okanagan | September 7, 1973 | W.A.C. Bennett | Social Credit | Bill Bennett | Social Credit | Resignation | Yes |
29th Parliament 1969-1972
There were no by-elections.
28th Parliament 1966-1969
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burnaby-Willingdon | January 13, 1969 | Frederick Vulliamy | NDP | James Lorimer | NDP | Resignation | Yes | ||
Revelstoke-Slocan | July 15, 1968 | Randolph Harding | NDP | William King | NDP | Resignation | Yes | ||
Oak Bay | July 15, 1968 | Allan MacFarlane | Liberal | Allan Cox | Liberal | Resignation | Yes | ||
North Vancouver-Capilano | July 15, 1968 | Raymond Perreault | Liberal | David Brousson | Liberal | Resignation | Yes | ||
Vancouver South | May 21, 1968 | Thomas Bate | Social Credit | Norman Levi | NDP | Death | No | ||
Cariboo | November 28, 1966 | William Speare | Social Credit | Robert Bonner | Social Credit | Resignation | Yes |
27th Parliament 1963-1966
There were no by-elections.
26th Parliament 1960-1963
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Columbia | July 15, 1963 | Richard Newton | Social Credit | Frank Greenwood | Social Credit | Death | Yes | ||
Vancouver-Point Grey | December 17, 1962 | Buda Brown | Social Credit | Patrick McGeer | Liberal | Death | No | ||
Revelstoke | September 4, 1962 | George Hobbs | CCF | Margaret Hobbs | CCF-NDP | Death | Yes |
25th Parliament 1956-1960
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rossland-Trail | December 15 1958 | Robert Sommers | Social Credit | Donald Brothers | Social Credit | Resignation | Yes | ||
Delta | September 9 1957 | Thomas Irwin | Social Credit | Gordon L. Gibson | Social Credit | Resignation | Yes | ||
Cariboo | September 9, 1957 | Ralph Chetwynd | Social Credit | William Speare | Social Credit | Death | Yes | ||
Burnaby | September 9, 1957 | Ernest Winch | CCF | Cedric Cox | CCF | Death | Yes |
24rd Parliament 1953-1956
Douglas Jung of the Progressive Conservative Party runs in the Vancouver Centre by-election, the first time any Chinese Canadian had run for a seat in a Canadian legislature.[13]
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vancouver Centre | January 9, 1956 | George Moxham | Social Credit | Leslie Peterson | Social Credit | Death | Yes | ||
Lillooet | September 12, 1955 | Gordon Gibson Sr. | Liberal | Donald Robinson | Social Credit | Resignation | No | ||
Victoria City | November 24, 1953 | Walter Wright | Social Credit | George Gregory | Liberal | Resignation | No |
23nd Parliament 1952-1953
These by-elections are held under the alternative vote system, the only two times (as of March 2008) by-elections had been held using that voting system.[14] After the next general election, the voting system would be reverted back to first past the post in time for the next by-election.[13]
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Similkameen | November 24, 1952 | Henry Francis | Social Credit | Einar Gunderson | Social Credit | Resignation | Yes | ||
Columbia | November 24, 1952 | Richard Newton | Social Credit | Robert Bonner | Social Credit | Resignation | Yes |
22st Parliament 1949-1952
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Esquimalt | October 1, 1951 | Charles Beard | Coalition | Franklin Mitchell | CCF | Death | No |
21st Parliament 1945-1949
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Okanagan | November 29, 1948 | W.A.C. Bennett | Coalition | Robert Browne-Clayton | Coalition | Resignation | Yes | ||
Rossland-Trail | November 29, 1948 | James Webster | Coalition | James Quinn | CCF | Death | No | ||
Saanich | February 23, 1948 | Norman Whittaker | Coalition | Arthur Ash | Coalition | Resignation | Yes | ||
Cariboo | February 23, 1948 | Louis LeBourdais | Coalition | Walter Hogg | Coalition | Death | Yes | ||
Vancouver-Point Grey | June 24, 1946 | James Paton | Coalition | Albert MacDougal | Coalition | Death | Yes | ||
Royal Maitland | Coalition | Leigh Stevenson | Coalition | Death | Yes | ||||
North Okanagan | December 19, 1945 | Kenneth MacDonald | Coalition | Charles Morrow | Coalition | Death | Yes |
20th Parliament 1941-1945
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Westminster | May 10, 1945 | Arthur Gray | Coalition | Byron Ingemar Johnson | Coalition | Death | Yes | ||
Revelstoke | June 14, 1943 | Harry Johnston | Coalition | Vincent Segur | CCF | Death | No | ||
Salmon Arm | November 25, 1942 | Rolf Bruhn | Coalition | George Stirling | CCF | Death | No |
19th Parliament 1937-1941
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mackenzie | September 21, 1940 | John Bryan Sr. | Liberal | Manfred McGeer | Liberal | Death | Yes | ||
Cranbrook | October 26, 1939 | Frank MacPherson | Liberal | Arnold McGrath | Liberal | Resignation | Yes | ||
Vancouver Centre | May 1, 1939 | Fred Crone | Liberal | Laura Jamieson | CCF | Death | No | ||
Dewdney | May 20, 1938 | Frank Patterson | Conservative | David Strachan | Liberal | Death | No |
18th Parliament 1933-1937
The Columbia by-election is notable for two reasons. First, it is the only one (as of March 2008) held due to a district being created during a parliament;[9] Second, it is the last time (as of March 2008) a candidate won through acclamation.[15]
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vancouver-Burrard | September 2, 1936 | Gerry McGeer | Liberal | John Forester | Liberal | Resignation | Yes | ||
Omineca | June 22, 1936 | Alexander Manson | Liberal | Mark Connelly | Liberal | Resignation | Yes | ||
North Vancouver | July 14, 1934 | Harley Anderson | CCF | Dorothy Steeves | CCF | Death | Yes | ||
Columbia | March 20, 1934† | n/a | n/a | n/a | Thomas King | Liberal | District created | n/a |
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[9]
17th Parliament 1928-1933
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[16]
16th Parliament 1924-1928
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nelson | October 17, 1927 | John Oliver | Liberal | James McDonald | Liberal | Death | Yes | ||
New Westminster | September 12, 1927 | Edwin Rothwell | Liberal | Arthur Gray | Liberal | Death | Yes | ||
North Okanagan | June 9, 1927 | Arthur Cochrane | Conservative | William Farris Kennedy | Conservative | Death | Yes | ||
Grand Forks-Greenwood | April 25, 1925 | John McKie | Conservative | Dougald McPherson | Liberal | Death | No | ||
North Okanagan | September 24, 1924 | Kenneth MacDonald | Liberal | Arthur Cochrane | Conservative | Joined Executive Council | No | ||
Nelson | August 23, 1924 | Kenneth Campbell | Liberal | John Oliver | Liberal | Resignation | Yes |
15th Parliament 1920-1924
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cranbrook | August 15, 1922 | James Horace King | Liberal | Noel Wallinger | Conservative | Resignation | No | ||
Omineca | April 10, 1922† | Alexander Manson | Liberal | Alexander Manson | Liberal | Joined Executive Council | Yes | ||
Nelson | March 22, 1922 | William Rose | Conservative | Kenneth Campbell | Liberal | Resignation | No | ||
Revelstoke | February 27, 1922 | William Sutherland | Liberal | William Sutherland | Liberal | Joined Executive Council | Yes | ||
Delta | February 3, 1921 | John Oliver | Liberal | Alexander Paterson | Liberal | Won more than one district | Yes |
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[7]
14th Parliament 1916-1920
The Vancouver City by-election was won by Mary Ellen Smith. She is the first woman to run and be elected in a provincial-level election, which was also the first one where women could vote.[17]
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[17]
~ Also endorsed by the Liberal Party.[17]
* Also endorsed by organized labour, and not entirely a Socialist Party member.[17]
13th Parliament 1912-1916
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victoria City | March 4, 1916 | Richard McBride | Conservative | Harlan Carey Brewster | Liberal | Resignation | No | ||
Vancouver City | February 26, 1916 | Charles Edward Tisdall | Conservative | Malcolm MacDonald | Liberal | Joined Executive Council | No | ||
Rossland City | February 26, 1916 | Lorne Argyle Campbell | Conservative | Lorne Argyle Campbell | Conservative | Joined Executive Council | Yes | ||
The Islands | December 6, 1913 | Albert Edward McPhillips | Conservative | William Foster | Conservative | Resignation | Yes |
12th Parliament 1909-1912
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yale | December 24, 1910† | Richard McBride | Conservative | Alexander Lucas | Conservative | Won more than one district | Yes | ||
Fernie | October 22, 1910 | William Ross | Conservative | William Ross | Conservative | Joined Executive Council | Yes |
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[18]
11th Parliament 1907-1909
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revelstoke | January 16, 1909 | Thomas Taylor | Conservative | Thomas Taylor | Conservative | Joined Executive Council | Yes | ||
Nanaimo City | January 12, 1909 | James Hawthornthwaite | Socialist | James Hawthornthwaite | Socialist | Resignation | Yes | ||
Vancouver City | August 3, 1907 | William John Bowser | Conservative | William John Bowser | Conservative | Joined Executive Council | Yes | ||
Dewdney | April 17, 1907† | Richard McBride | Conservative | William Manson | Conservative | Won More Than One District | Yes | ||
Atlin | April 5, 1907† | Henry Young | Conservative | Henry Young | Conservative | Joined Executive Council | Yes |
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[19]
10th Parliament 1903-1907
The August 16 by-election in the district of Lillooet is the last time a by-election had been held due to a voided result, as of March 2008.[5] The November 18, 1903 by-election in Vancouver City is the first by-election held[5] since political parties were introduced to the province.[15]
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alberni | July 22, 1905 | William McInnes | Liberal | William Manson | Conservative | Resignation | No | ||
Lillooet | August 16, 1904 | Archibald McDonald | Conservative | Archibald McDonald | Conservative | Voided result | Yes | ||
Kamloops | June 30, 1904† | Frederick John Fulton | Conservative | Frederick John Fulton | Conservative | Joined Executive Council | Yes | ||
Vancouver City | November 18, 1903 | Charles Wilson | Conservative | Charles Wilson | Conservative | Joined Executive Council | Yes |
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[5]
9th Parliament 1900-1903
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[20]
8th Parliament 1898-1900
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[21]
7th Parliament 1894-1898
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yale-North Riding | November 14, 1894† | George Martin | No Parties | George Martin | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
South Victoria | April 15, 1895† | David Eberts | No Parties | David Eberts | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Cowichan-Alberni | April 18, 1895 | Theodore Davie | No Parties | Thomas Wood* | No Parties | Resignation | n/a | ||
Lillooet-East Riding | June 1, 1895 | n/a | No Parties | David Stoddard | No Parties | Voided result | n/a | ||
Cowichan-Alberni | October 5, 1895 | n/a | No Parties | George Huff | No Parties | Voided result | n/a | ||
New Westminster-Chilliwhack Riding | May 7, 1897 | Thomas Kitchen | No Parties | Adam Vedder | No Parties | Death | n/a |
* Result was voided.[22]
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[22]
6th Parliament 1890-1894
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Westminster | November 7, 1890 | John Robson | No Parties | Colin Sword | No Parties | Won more than one district | n/a | ||
Cariboo | January 14, 1891 | Joseph Mason | No Parties | Ithiel Nason | No Parties | Death | n/a | ||
East Kootenay | July 30, 1892† | James Baker | No Parties | James Baker | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Cariboo | August 24, 1892 | John Robson | No Parties | Hugh Watt | No Parties | Death | n/a | ||
Cariboo | October 4, 1893 | Ithiel Nason | No Parties | William Adams | No Parties | Death | n/a |
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[23]
5th Parliament 1886-1890
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[24]
4th Parliament 1882-1886
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victoria City | April 15, 1885 | Simeon Duck | No Parties | Simeon Duck | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
New Westminster City | April 21, 1884 | William Armstrong | No Parties | James Cunningham | No Parties | Resignation | n/a | ||
Lillooet | March 31, 1883† | A.E.B. Davie | No Parties | A.E.B. Davie | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Cowichan | March 31, 1883† | William Smithe | No Parties | William Smithe | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
New Westminster | March 31, 1883† | John Robson | No Parties | John Robson | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Yale | October 13, 1882 | Preston Bennett | No Parties | George Martin | No Parties | Death | n/a | ||
New Westminster City | September 4, 1882 | William Armstrong | No Parties | William Armstrong | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a |
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[25]
3rd Parliament 1878-1882
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Westminster City | December 20, 1881† | Ebenezer Brown | No Parties | William Armstrong | No Parties | Resignation | n/a | ||
Cariboo | October 29, 1879 | John Evans | No Parties | George Ferguson | No Parties | October 29, 1879 | n/a | ||
Cariboo | August 3, 1878† | George Anthony Walkem | No Parties | George Anthony Walkem | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Victoria City | July 10, 1878† | Robert Beaven | No Parties | Robert Beaven | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Victoria | July 10, 1878† | Thomas Humphreys | No Parties | Thomas Humphreys | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a |
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[26]
2nd Parliament 1875-1878
By-election | Date | Incumbent | Party | Winner | Party | Cause | Retained | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kootenay | December 20, 1877 | William Milby | No Parties | Robert Galbraith | No Parties | Death | n/a | ||
Cariboo | June 20, 1877 | A.E.B. Davie | No Parties | George Cowan | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Nanaimo | January 19, 1877 | John Bryden | No Parties | David William Gordon | No Parties | Resignation | n/a | ||
Kootenay | August 24, 1876 | Arthur Vowell | No Parties | William Milby | No Parties | Resignation | n/a | ||
Cowichan | August 14, 1876† | William Smithe | No Parties | William Smithe | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Yale | March 11, 1876 | Forbes Vernon | No Parties | Forbes Vernon | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Victoria City | February 21, 1876 | Arthur Elliott | No Parties | Arthur Elliott | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a | ||
Victoria | February 15, 1876† | Thomas Humphreys | No Parties | Thomas Humphreys | No Parties | Joined Executive Council | n/a |
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[27]
1st Parliament 1871-1875
† Won by acclamation; this date is the date of the return of the writ.[28]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Constitution Act". http://www.qp.gov.bc.ca/statreg/stat/C/96066_01.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ "Delta South By-election – December 7, 1999 - Statement of Votes" (PDF). Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/bydls/dls_sov99.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ "Elected Candidates Who Did Not Take Their Seats in the Legislature". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/part4-4.html. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ "Reitsma resigns". CBC News. 1998-11-13. http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/1998/06/23/reitsma980623a.html. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ a b c d "By-Elections 10th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/10ge1903-3.html. Retrieved 2008-03-25.
- ^ "Voided and Controverted Elections". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/part4-2.html. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
- ^ a b "By-Elections 15th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/15ge1920-4.html. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- ^ "Purpose" (PDF). Discover Your Legislature Series. Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. p. 6. http://www.leg.bc.ca/_media/flash/Purpose.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ a b c "By-Elections 18th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/18ge1933-4.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
- ^ "Electoral History of British Bolumbia - Supplement, 1987-2001" (PDF). Elections BC. p. 57. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/electhistvol2.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- ^ "Electoral History of British Bolumbia - Supplement, 1987-2001" (PDF). Elections BC. p. 54. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/electhistvol2.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- ^ Gary Kingston (2005-05-14). "Surrey-Panorama Ridge". Vancouver Sun. p. L11.
- ^ a b "By-Elections 24th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/24ge1953-9.html. Retrieved 2008-01-07.
- ^ "By-Elections 23rd Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/23ge1952-6.html. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
- ^ a b "Electoral Highlights". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/part4-5.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
- ^ "By-Elections 17th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/17ge1928-3.html. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- ^ a b c d "By-Elections 24th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/14ge1916-3.html. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
- ^ "By-Elections 12th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/12ge1909-3.html. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
- ^ "By-Elections 11th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/11ge1907-3.html. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
- ^ "By-Elections 9th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/9ge1900-2.html. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
- ^ "By-Elections 8th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/8ge1898-2.html. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
- ^ a b "By-Elections 7th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/7ge1894-2.html. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
- ^ "By-Elections 6th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/6ge1890-2.html. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
- ^ "By-Elections 5th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/5ge1886-2.html. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
- ^ "By-Elections 4th Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/4ge1882-2.html. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
- ^ "By-Elections 3rd Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/3ge1878-2.html. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
- ^ "By-Elections 2nd Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/2ge1875-2.html. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
- ^ "By-Elections 1st Parliament". Electoral History of British Columbia 1871-1986. Elections BC. http://www.elections.bc.ca/elections/electoral_history/1ge1871-2.html. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
External links
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