Fox affiliate switches of 1994
The Fox affiliate switches of 1994 was a series of events resulting from a multi-million dollar deal between Fox Broadcasting Company, known commonly as Fox, and New World Communications, an owner of several VHF television stations affiliated with major networks, primarily CBS.
The major impetus for the changes was to improve local coverage of the fledgling network's new National Football League packages. As a result of various other deals that followed as a result of the affiliation switches, most notably the buyout of CBS by Westinghouse, the switches constituted some of the most sweeping changes in American television history.
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NFL on FOX
For some time, Rupert Murdoch, chief executive officer of News Corporation, the parent company of the Fox network, lusted after a major-league sports presence for his network. He thought that landing a live sports broadcasting package would elevate Fox to the level of ABC, CBS and NBC, the other nationwide broadcast networks in the United States at the time.
In 1987, the network bid for Monday Night Football, then the NFL's crown-jewel program, but the offer was rejected. Six years later, Fox stunned the sports and TV worlds by acquiring partial rights to the NFL. The package – covering four seasons of games involving teams in the National Football Conference, as well as several Super Bowls, a package previously owned by CBS – cost Fox $1.58 billion. CBS, then run by the cost-cutting Laurence Tisch, had reportedly bid only $290 million and was unwilling to even approach the Fox offer.
At the time of Fox's bid, most of its affiliates were lower-powered UHF stations. As Fox put together its new sports division to cover the NFL, it wanted to affiliate with VHF stations that had lower channel numbers (channels 2 to 13), more established histories, and carried more value with advertisers.
New World Deal
In the spring of 1994, months after completing the NFL contract, Fox agreed to purchase a 20 percent stake in New World Communications in a multi-million-dollar deal. The following stations were part of the deal:
Existing New World stations
- KNSD, San Diego, affiliated with NBC
- WAGA, Atlanta, affiliated with CBS
- WJBK, Detroit, affiliated with CBS
- WITI, Milwaukee, affiliated with CBS
- WJW, Cleveland, affiliated with CBS
- WTVT, Tampa/St. Petersburg, affiliated with CBS
- WSBK, Boston, independent station
Stations that were acquired from Argyle Television
- KDFW, Dallas/Fort Worth, affiliated with CBS
- KTBC, Austin, affiliated with CBS
- KTVI, St. Louis, affiliated with ABC
- WVTM, Birmingham, affiliated with NBC
Stations that were acquired from Citicasters
- KSAZ, Phoenix, affiliated with CBS
- WBRC, Birmingham, affiliated with ABC
- WDAF, Kansas City, affiliated with NBC
- WGHP, Greensboro/Winston-Salem/High Point, affiliated with ABC
In addition, two Citicasters stations, WKRC (Cincinnati) and WTSP (Tampa/St. Petersburg) were left out of the New World deal. Both would later be sold to Jacor; today, WKRC is owned by Clear Channel Communications, which bought Jacor. It is currently involved in Clear Channel's TV division sale. The newly established Newport TV is in the process of buying all of Clear Channel's TV stations. WKRC will be owned by Newport by the end of 2007. WTSP is owned by Gannett. Neither station would have been of any benefit to Fox. In WKRC's case, the Cincinnati Bengals aired on NBC and WLWT at the time. Ironically, the Bengals' games now air on WKRC. And in WTSP's case, New World already owned WTVT, which was the higher-rated of the two stations at the time.
Not all the stations involved would switch to Fox:
- Because of Federal Communications Commission rules of the time, New World could not keep WBRC and WVTM; WBRC was placed in a blind trust and would later be sold to Fox directly, as would WGHP. New World kept WVTM and it remained as an NBC affiliate, and in fact was once owned by the network itself. (It has since been sold to Media General.)
- KNSD (channel 39) also stayed with NBC because Fox already had an affiliate on the VHF band, XETV (channel 6). Today, NBC Universal owns 76 percent of KNSD, and LIN TV 24 percent.
- WSBK did not join Fox because the network would reacquire its existing affiliate, WFXT. WSBK would later be sold to Viacom and became a charter member of UPN, which launched on January 15, 1995.
NFL connection to deal
The key to the deal was that Fox upgraded its affiliate stations in several markets. Before the deal, of the 14 NFC teams at the time, only four had VHF Fox affiliates, the Los Angeles Rams, New York Giants, San Francisco 49ers, and Washington Redskins. All were Fox owned-and-operated stations (O&O) with the exception of the San Francisco affiliate, KTVU, which remains the largest Fox affiliate not owned by the network to this day.
Most of the stations involved in the New World deal were located in markets with teams from the NFC, considered the more prestigious of the two NFL conferences for two reasons. First, the teams in the NFC were located in nine of the ten largest television markets at the time; the lone exception being Boston, whose only NFL team, the New England Patriots, plays in the AFC. Additionally, many of the NFC teams have existed before the formation of the old AFL and therefore contain longer histories, rivalries and traditions.
Many of the stations in affected markets were former CBS affiliates from which Fox won the NFC rights, thus fans would continue to see at least their team's road games on local VHF stations.
NFC teams in markets related to deal:
- Arizona Cardinals (KSAZ)
- Atlanta Falcons (WAGA)
- Dallas Cowboys (KDFW and KTBC)
- Detroit Lions (WJBK)
- Green Bay Packers (WITI)
- Tampa Bay Buccaneers (WTVT)
KTBC and WITI served markets containing significant fan bases for nearby NFC teams. KTBC served the Austin area and had aired Cowboys games for years (including during preseason), while WITI had broadcast Packers games to its Milwaukee audience since becoming a CBS affiliate in 1977.
In 1995, a year after the Fox switches, St. Louis received an NFC team, when the Rams moved there. This made KTVI the eighth station (and sixth in an NFC market) among the stations involved in the switchover, bringing the total number of NFC teams with VHF Fox affiliates to nine. That same year, the Carolina Panthers joined the NFL as an expansion team, which made WGHP another satellite "home" station for an NFL team as the Panthers are based in Charlotte, which is directly south of the Piedmont Triad region where WGHP is situated.
Burnham Broadcasting
Just weeks after completing the New World deal, Fox announced another purchase, this one of Burnham Broadcasting. The stations involved were:
- WVUE, New Orleans, affiliated with ABC
- WLUK, Green Bay, affiliated with NBC
- WALA, Mobile, affiliated with NBC
- KHON, Honolulu, affiliated with NBC
Fox would own the stations in conjunction with Savoy Broadcasting, a minority-owned communications firm. The deal gave Fox upgrades for the home markets of two more teams: the Packers and the New Orleans Saints, giving Fox VHF affiliates in eleven of the fifteen NFC markets.
Repercussions
Overnight, the landscape of local television in many areas changed as viewers got used to new affiliations.
The transition was straightforward in some cases, as Kansas City, St. Louis, Austin, Cleveland and the Piedmont Triad saw the old Fox affiliates simply swap with the new ones. KSHB replaced WDAF as Kansas City's NBC affiliate, while KDNL and WXLV affiliated with ABC in St. Louis and the Piedmont Triad, respectively. KEYE in Austin and WOIO in Cleveland affiliated with CBS. All five were UHF stations.
The largest affiliation swap occurred in Central Alabama, including the Birmingham area, where six different stations changed affiliations due to WBRC moving from ABC to Fox. WCFT and WJSU, the CBS affiliates for Tuscaloosa and Anniston, merged and became the combined ABC affiliate for Birmingham and Central Alabama. WNAL, the former Fox affiliate for Gadsden, became the CBS affiliate for northeast Alabama before eventually becoming the Pax network affiliate for Birmingham. WTTO and WDBB, the Fox affiliates for Birmingham and Tuscaloosa, became independent stations before eventually affiliating with the WB Network.
As expected, CBS bore the worst brunt of the changes. The network had already developed a stodgy image under its CEO, Laurence Tisch, and saw its ratings slip following the deal. When it lost the NFL to Fox, the problems accelerated as CBS struggled to compete with NBC and ABC in the ratings, even though the network still finished ahead of Fox. CBS eventually recovered and by 1999, was the most-watched network until it was surpassed by ABC in 2000 and NBC in 2001 before retaking the lead again in 2002 as "America's Most Watched Network", a title it continues to hold to this day.
CBS' problems were especially evident in the recruiting of new affiliates. Only four new CBS affiliates were VHF stations. In the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, KTVT (Channel 11), became the new CBS affiliate after KDFW switched to Fox. The former Fox O&O in the Metroplex, KDAF (Channel 33), became a WB affiliate, and is now affiliated with The CW. CBS also gained a new VHF affiliation in Phoenix, after CBS moved to former independent station KPHO (which ironically was CBS's original Phoenix affiliation), owned by the Meredith Corporation. As part of the KPHO deal, CBS wanted co-owned WNEM-TV (channel 5), an NBC affiliate, to be a CBS affiliate instead of WEYI-TV (channel 25) in the Flint-Saginaw-Bay City Michigan market. WEYI-TV became an NBC affiliate as a result. As a byproduct of the KTVT deal, another new VHF CBS affiliate at the time was then sister station KSTW in Seattle, which replaced KIRO-TV in that area. This affiliation only lasted two years though, as KIRO-TV returned to CBS in 1997 following a sale of the station to Cox Enterprises. Additionally, CBS reached new affiliation deals with displaced VHF ABC affiliates WKRC in Cincinnati and WTSP in Tampa(see below).
The affiliate switches also led to another deal involving The E.W. Scripps Company, the parent company of KSHB. Scripps' two highest-profile stations, WEWS in Cleveland and WXYZ in Detroit (the latter of which was previously owned-and-operated by the network until the Capital Cities buyout of ABC in 1986), were being courted by CBS to replace WJW and WJBK, respectively. In order to keep ABC on WEWS and WXYZ, Scripps required ABC to switch its affiliations to four of the company's non-ABC affiliates. These stations were WMAR in Baltimore, WCPO in Cincinnati, KNXV in Phoenix, and WFTS in Tampa, the latter two of which were also slated to lose Fox due to the New World deal. This deal stripped WKRC in Cincinnati and WTSP in Tampa, the two Citicasters stations not involved in the New World deal, of their ABC affiliations, along with top-rated KTVK in Phoenix, which ended up becoming an independent station.
But the switchovers especially upset Westinghouse Broadcasting, the owners of ABC's longtime affiliate in Baltimore, WJZ-TV, which had been the longest-tenured ABC affiliate in the nation at the time. Westinghouse eventually sought an affiliation deal of its own, and in 1994, the company agreed to affiliate its entire broadcast station fleet with CBS, two of which (KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh and KPIX in San Francisco) were already affiliated with the network. In September 1994, KPIX and KDKA-TV, both of whom along the rest of the Westinghouse stations were known for pre-empting some network programs, began carrying the entire CBS schedule as a condition of the deal. This was followed by WJZ-TV and Boston NBC affiliate WBZ-TV switching to CBS at the end of 1994, and then the switchover before the beginning of the 1995-1996 television season of KYW-TV in Philadelphia from NBC to CBS, whom Westinghouse also sold a minority share of KYW-TV to.
The various deals following the New World announcement left CBS with a slew of lesser-known affiliates, especially in Atlanta, Detroit, and Milwaukee, where the new affiliates were all low-profile UHF stations with far less transmitting power than their previous affiliates:
- In Atlanta, CBS almost purchased WVEU, which aired on channel 69, the highest available for TV broadcasts in the U.S. Eventually, they reached a deal with the owners of WGNX, now WGCL (Channel 46), which was slated to become the market's WB O&O (by way of its owners at the time, Tribune Broadcasting. Ironically, CBS now owns channel 69, WUPA, as a CW affiliate; it was with UPN until September 2006. The market's former Fox O&O WATL (Channel 36) became an affiliate of The WB, and in 2006 moved over to another new network, MyNetworkTV.
- Milwaukee's new CBS station, WDJT (Channel 58), had a general syndicated schedule, with some ethnic and time-brokered religious programming mixed in; WDJT joined the network a week before the switch, after an attempt by CBS to buy religious station WVCY (Channel 30) fell through. The station then built a new transmitter in 1999 which has transmitting power equal with the market's other five commercial stations. Part of the switches resulted in several of CBS' remaining sports properties, most notably the Daytona 500, not being carried in some parts of Milwaukee in 1995. Former Fox affiliate WCGV (Channel 24) became a UPN affiliate, and is also now affiliated with MyNetworkTV.
- In Detroit, CBS bought WGPR (Channel 62) from an African-American religious broadcaster and changed its name to WWJ-TV after plans to purchase another station, WADL-TV (Channel 38) fell through when WADL's owner made unreasonable demands. The former Fox affiliate, WKBD (Channel 50), also joined UPN, and is now a CW affiliate co-owned with WWJ, which is strangely the lesser partner in the duopoly; the other CBS duopolies have the CBS affiliate as the senior partner.
Other repercussions
- As a result of the affiliation switches, NBC became the most-watched network in the United States, as it not only experienced the least effects of the switchover, but also benefited from a strong slate of programming at the time (including Friends, Frasier, Seinfeld, ER and the Dateline NBC franchise). They would remain in first until 1999, when CBS overtook NBC at number one. This was also following the first year since NBC lost rights to AFC games in the NFL to CBS. The NFL would eventually return to NBC in 2006 with the league's Sunday night package after ESPN (who previously held the latter package) took over Monday Night Football from sister network ABC.
- Because of the Westinghouse deal involving WBZ-TV, CBS had to sell its owned-and-operated station in Providence, Rhode Island, WPRI-TV, which it had just acquired months before. WPRI's signal carried from Rhode Island over into most of the Boston area whereas WBZ-TV's Boston signal traveled all the way into almost all of the state of Rhode Island. FCC regulations at the time prevented common ownership of stations whose signals overlapped and would not even consider a waiver for stations with overlapping city-grade coverage.
- When KYW-TV switched to CBS from NBC, CBS traded its Philadelphia O&O WCAU-TV, to NBC in exchange for two of its O&Os, KCNC-TV in Denver and KUTV in Salt Lake City. As compensation for these station trades, CBS-owned WCIX in Miami swapped facilities with NBC-owned WTVJ. Westinghouse and CBS then formed a joint venture involving its new properties and WCIX, which became WFOR-TV, with Westinghouse as the majority owner.
- At one point, New World considered buying WCAU, which would have turned that station into a Fox affiliate (and thus also continue broadcasting Philadelphia Eagles games, which it had done since 1950). Additionally, Fox had bought WGBS-TV (channel 57) as a result of rumors that Paramount's WTXF (the market's Fox affiliate) was switching to UPN, but later canceled those plans and made a bid to buy the station if New World passed up the opportunity. WTXF was eventually sold to Fox with Paramount buying WGBS-TV (and renaming it WPSG) and NBC winding up with WCAU.
- For a while following the switch, KCNC's logo (and news brand, "News 4 Colorado") was similar to its last logo as an NBC O&O; for example, the "4" in their logo was almost similar to that of former sister stations WNBC-TV and WRC-TV in New York and Washington, D.C., respectively.
- McGraw-Hill also had arranged a new affiliation deal, in which all four of its stations would affiliate with ABC. The company's two ABC affiliates, WRTV in Indianapolis and KGTV in San Diego, would be joined by CBS affiliates KERO-TV in Bakersfield and KMGH-TV in Denver, the former of which had to wait for its affiliation deal with CBS to expire before switching to ABC.
- In another affiliation deal, Allbritton Communications Company, the parent company of several ABC affiliates, including WJLA-TV in Washington, D.C. and the new combined ABC cluster in the Birmingham, Alabama area that replaced WBRC, also switched all of its stations to ABC, including NBC affiliate WCIV in Charleston, South Carolina and upstart independent WJXX in Jacksonville, as well as WB affiliate WBSG-TV in Brunswick, Georgia (located in the northern fringes of the Jacksonville viewing area).
- In San Diego, UPN affiliate KUSI-TV (now an independent station) tried unsuccessfully to take the Fox affiliation away from XETV, which was based in Tijuana, Mexico, citing FCC regulations preventing Mexican-licensed stations (or any foreign station outside of the United States) from airing live American sporting events without an FCC-approved license. Fox was eventually granted the permit.
- Because of the deals involving KCNC and KMGH, Gannett arranged another affiliation deal with NBC to affiliate with the Denver area's displaced ABC affiliate, KUSA-TV. A similar situation happened to Hearst Broadcasting in which its Baltimore CBS affiliate, WBAL-TV, returned to NBC (it had been affiliated with that network until 1981 when it affiliated with CBS, who was dissatisfied with its then-Baltimore affiliate WMAR-TV frequently preempting CBS programming). Additionally, two former CBS affilates displaced by the Westinghouse/CBS deal(KSL-TV in Salt Lake City and WHDH-TV in Boston)affiliated with NBC.
- In Phoenix, KTVK turned down CBS' offer to affiliate with the then-ABC affiliate in anticipation of ABC renewing its affiliation agreement with the station. However, after the Scripps deal went through resulting in ABC's move to KNXV, KTVK was disappointed and eventually began to gradually phase out its ABC offerings. On its final day as an ABC affiliate, KTVK only had ABC's primetime lineup, major soaps, and sports programs remaining.
- Since WBRC's affiliation agreement with ABC did not expire until the end of the 1995-1996 television season, Fox had to run WBRC as an ABC affiliate for over one and a half years. The only other recent instance in which a major network has had to run a rival network's affiliate was in 1988, when NBC was forced to run WTVJ in Miami as a CBS affiliate for one year after , the owner of that market's NBC affiliate, WSVN (which is now that market's Fox affiliate), refused to end his station's contract with NBC until it expired at the end of the year.
- Before the Scripps deal, ABC purchased its affiliate WJRT-TV in Flint, Michigan and NBC affiliate WTVG in Toledo, Ohio as a contingency plan in the event that its Detroit affiliate WXYZ-TV flipped to CBS. While WXYZ eventually remained with ABC, the deal eventually went through. However, for two months, ABC had to run WTVG as an NBC affiliate while the latter network searched for a new affiliate (which turned out to be Toledo's former ABC affiliate, WNWO-TV). ABC's purchase of WJRT-TV was a factor in dislocated NBC affiliating with former CBS affiliate WEYI-TV.
- Several first-run syndicated programs, such as The Oprah Winfrey Show, Wheel of Fortune, Jeopardy! and Entertainment Tonight were dropped by some of the New World stations, who had aired them in favor of lower-budget syndicated programs or newer shows such as Access Hollywood and Judge Judy. In several of the markets affected, at least one of these shows now airs on their former network's new affiliate. For example, one Fox affiliate involved in the Burnham/Savoy deal, WVUE in New Orleans, now airs both Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy!
- Before the New World deal was announced, WATL was in the planning stages of launching a news department and had even hired a news director. After the New World deal was announced, WATL shelved these plans. The station would not air news until 2006, when Gannett purchased WATL and launched a 10 p.m. newscast produced by sister station WXIA-TV.
- Following CBS' decision in Detroit to purchase WWJ-TV, its previous owners sued to gain control of the station. However, these owners could not stop CBS from moving its affiliation over to WWJ-TV. A court later ruled the following year in CBS' favor.
- In Milwaukee, CBS was threatening to have to import cable signals of CBS, supposedly from its owned-and-operated stations WBBM-TV Chicago, WFRV-TV Green Bay, affiliate station WISC Madison, or possibly even another CBS O&O, WCCO-TV Minneapolis, as a result of its difficulty finding a new affiliate to replace WITI. As WDJT's unexpected switchover to CBS came only days after it was announced as the market's new affiliate, a primitive logo featuring the CBS eye to the left of its "58" logo (scripted in italic Times New Roman) served as the station's logo for several months. Generic CBS promos were also used at this time while WDJT looked to start a news department and find larger studio facilities.
Newscast-related repercussions
The primary plus for the new Fox stations collectively was an increase in the amount of news covered on these stations, which Fox had high interest in doing as the network had (and still to this day has) no national newscasts. Over time, the former Big Three stations which had aired newscasts for years expanded them along with many original Fox stations. Morning newscasts on Fox stations gradually expanded to compete with the national morning shows aired by the Big Three.
However, New World's Fox affiliates saw mixed results with their newscasts:
- After switching to Fox, WTVT in Tampa lost its number one position in the market to NBC affiliate WFLA, which was the only major-network station in Tampa not affected by the switch.
- In Cleveland, WJW-TV fell from first place in its market. The problems were especially evident following the Oklahoma City Bombing on April 19, 1995, as Fox had no news division; Fox News Channel did not exist at this time until the following year. WEWS (which shunned CBS via the Scripps deal) would overtake WJW as the market leader.
- In Austin, KTBC, long the market's dominant news station, fell to the bottom of the ratings behind NBC affiliate KXAN and ABC affiliate KVUE.
- Phoenix's NBC affiliate, KPNX-TV, which was the only station unaffected by the affiliation switches in the Phoenix area, went from being the market's third-place station to its top-rated one.
- Some New World stations, however, have maintained their ratings dominance. In Birmingham, WBRC's primetime newscast is considered one of the nation's highest-rated newscasts. Additionally, WDAF in Kansas City has finished #1 in several time slots, including at 9:00 pm.
- Another key positive was also in regards to the morning news shows on the new Fox affiliates, most of which perform competitively and even place first in the ratings.
Additionally, some of the new Fox affiliates, perhaps in appealing to Fox's younger-skewing audiences, moved many older news personalities to daytime broadcasts or released them entirely from their news teams. Some of these personalities eventually wound up on other stations, including the new Big Three affiliates.
Unfortunately, many of the new Big Three affiliates were not as lucky. As these were former Fox affiliates (or independents) that did not have newscasts at the time, almost all of them had to give in to launching them to back up the nationally-aired newscasts provided by the networks. Generally, the stations that continue to air newscasts to this day have finished in fourth place behind their VHF competitors. However, many of these stations, such as Scripps' KNXV, WFTS and KSHB have seen gradual growth in their ratings, as have former Fox-turned-CBS affiliates KEYE and WOIO. Even WGCL-TV and WDJT have seen growth, yet all stations still rank fourth place on average.
Still, other new affiliates that launched newscasts experienced no permanent success. In Detroit, WWJ-TV premiered a newscast in fall 2001 produced by sister station WKBD. Both the WKBD and WWJ newscasts were cancelled in late 2002 under an agreement made by WXYZ to produce WKBD's news. WWJ is now the largest-market major-network affiliate, and the only O&O of any major network, to have no newscasts. In 2006, WWJ-TV began making light of this fact by using a slogan, Where No News is Good News, for promoting programming during periods where there would usually be newscasts.
Two ABC affiliates, KDNL in St. Louis and WXLV in the Piedmont Triad region, also experienced difficulty. KDNL's news department lasted for six years until its cancellation, which was widely blamed on a transmitter problem, and is now the fifth-rated station in the St. Louis market, behind CW affiliate KPLR-TV. KDNL's current position as one of ABC's weakest affiliates, perhaps the weakest among Top 50 markets stands in sharp contrast to KTVI, which was one of ABC's strongest stations. WXLV's newscast was cancelled under orders of its owner Sinclair (through its controversial News Central division) due to poor ratings. WXLV also had run newscasts since becoming an ABC affiliate until January 2002.
Fox Kids Repercussions
When Fox made the affiliation agreement with New World, all 12 stations that switched to Fox chose not to carry Fox's children's programming due to interest in airing more local news, which is uncharacteristic of a broadcast network affiliate. Big Three affiliates are required to air their network's children's program block and when New World was bought out by Fox, it became the first network which had O&Os that did not air all network programming. However, one New World station eventually picked up Fox Kids.
St. Louis' KTVI initially rejected Fox Kids as did all of New World's stations that affiliated with Fox. But religious station KNLC, owned by the New Life Christian Church, chose to air ministry messages in place of commercials as the church's reverend Larry Rice, refused to show commercials during Fox Kids programming. Fox was not pleased with controversial topics such as abortion being shown during Fox Kids programming, which led Fox to move Fox Kids to KTVI. KTVI remains the only ex-New World station airing 4Kids TV, however the station airs it two hours earlier than other stations that carry 4Kids TV, due to a morning newscast airing at 9 am.
Although five stations (KSAZ, WGHP, WJW, KTBC and WAGA) had rejected Fox Kids programming (in its Fox Kids, FoxBox and 4Kids TV iterations), none of them filled the timeslots with local news on Saturday mornings.
Many stations that rejected Fox Kids passed it to another station in the market, typically an independent station or a smaller network affiliate, this especially true following Fox's purchase of Chris-Craft/United Television in 2001. However in four ex-New World markets (Atlanta, Austin, Greensboro/Winston-Salem/High Point, Birmingham), 4Kids TV does not air on another station in any of those markets due to stations dropping the lineup. In Milwaukee, 4Kids TV has aired on independent station WMLW-CA, a Class A television station, since September 2004. Though the station has extended cable coverage throughout the market, it is much less than former Fox Kids station WCGV.
At least three other stations (two of which are owned by Fox) have pulled such a maneuver. WFLD in Chicago, one of the original Fox O&Os dropped 4Kids TV and moved it to sister station WPWR in 2003. Minneapolis' KMSP also dropped 4Kids TV in 2006, moving it to sister station WFTC in the process. KABB in San Antonio (owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group) moved 4Kids TV to MyNetworkTV affiliate KMYS (also owned by Sinclair) the same year. In all three cases it was due to an expansion of their morning newscasts to Saturday mornings.
Because these Fox stations deny clearance of 4Kids TV, 4Kids TV is merely a syndication package, despite Fox continuing to advertise in promos airing during select Fox primetime shows that 4Kids TV programming is part of the network. If Fox limited 4Kids TV to air on Fox stations only, affiliates could be given the choice to broadcast the lineup around local news, as the case is with ABC and CBS.
Until such a thing happens, all Fox-owned stations that do not air 4Kids TV air syndicated educational programs that meet E/I guidelines (unlike those seen on 4Kids TV) in its place, either following a newscast or in place of it, such as and Beakman's World, so as to not violate FCC regulations requiring commercial broadcasters to air a certain amount of children's programming (deemed educational and informative) each week.
Post-Switchover Changes
Fox continued to upgrade its stations in at least two unrelated deals struck later:
- In 1995, NewsCorp purchased ABC affiliate WHBQ in Memphis, Tennessee from Communications Corporation of America. This was part of the RKO General empire which had collapsed due to corruption and perjury.
- In 2002, KMSP, which is in the home market of the Minnesota Vikings, returned to the Fox network after seven years as an UPN station. Fox had purchased KMSP from Chris-Craft's United Television two years earlier.
At least one other station owner has pulled off a similar maneuver. In 2001, Meredith Corporation moved the Fox affiliation in the Portland, Oregon-Vancouver, Washington market from KPDX, on UHF channel 49, to KPTV, on VHF channel 12. Meredith had just acquired KPTV from Chris-Craft. In an ironic twist, Fox Television Stations Group would later buy all the remaining Chris-Craft stations, which in 2006 would all join MyNetworkTV as part of the 2006 United States broadcast TV realignment. This makes for an indirect connection between the last two major changes in broadcast affiliate lineups in the U.S.
On the other hand, CBS saw an affiliate downgrade from VHF to UHF in an unrelated transaction, which occurred in the Jacksonville, Florida-Brunswick, Georgia market, home of the Jacksonville Jaguars. (Being in the AFC, most Jaguars game are on CBS.) In the summer of 2002, Post-Newsweek Stations, which owns WJXT, terminated that station's longtime affiliation with CBS in a dispute over compensation. The new affiliate became WTEV, which had been the local outlet of UPN (which was then co-owned with CBS). WJXT broadcasts on channel 4; WTEV on channel 47. The new UPN affiliate became Fox affiliate WAWS, on a secondary basis. Both WAWS and WTEV are awaiting a sale from Clear Channel to Providence Equity Partners. Only one other AFC team plays home games in a market with a UHF CBS affiliate: the Cleveland market, home of the Browns, has WOIO (channel 19) as its CBS affiliate. WOIO was once Cleveland's FOX station before the market was involved in the New World deal.
Long-term impact
The affiliation switches helped elevate Fox to major network status on par with its older competitors. As of 2007, its sports division has expanded to include Major League Baseball and NASCAR. The National Hockey League once aired on Fox as well, from 1995 to 1999.
Beginning in 2007, Fox Sports also claimed rights to the Bowl Championship Series with the exception of the Rose Bowl, which has an agreement of its own with ABC. It also airs coverage of the Cotton Bowl and is the exclusive television home of the Daytona 500. Fox Sports' coverage now also includes four Formula One races and live coverage of two NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series races. Fox Sports' coverage also has expanded beyond terrestrial television with several cable networks, led by Fox Sports Net, which offers 24-hour sports coverage and many home team broadcasts.
Fox's entertainment programs have also benefited from the heavy promotion they received during the sportscasts. Some of the beneficiaries include shows already on Fox at the time, such as The Simpsons, as well as newer programs like American Idol and 24. In fact, Idol has been the number one rated primetime program on all networks the last three years (2005, 2006 and 2007).
Current statuses
To this day, all Fox stations owned by New World which changed affiliations are still owned and operated by News Corporation. However, Fox Television Stations Group, the division of NewsCorp that controls the stations, announced its intent on June 13, 2007 to sell nine of their stations, six of which are former New World stations WJW-TV, KTVI, WDAF-TV, WITI-TV, WBRC-TV and WGHP (the other stations Fox has announced its intention to sell are KDVR in Denver, KSTU in Salt Lake City, and WHBQ-TV in Memphis). Of these nine, only KTVI is located in an NFC market (by way of the St. Louis Rams).
Fox no longer owns any of the former Burnham stations. Savoy/Fox (SF) sold the stations in 1997 to now-defunct Silver King Broadcasting (later USA Broadcasting) and later to Emmis Communications to 1998. Emmis has since sold WLUK and WALA to LIN TV and KHON to Montecito Broadcast Group. It is still seeking a buyer for WVUE, whose sale process has been made more difficult in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which greatly affected its New Orleans viewing area. All stations are still Fox affiliates.
As a result of the affiliation deals, Fox now has VHF affiliates in 13 out of 16 television markets with NFL teams that are based in the NFC, including the Seattle Seahawks, who moved from the AFC to the NFC in 2002; Seattle's Fox affiliate, KCPQ, broadcasts on VHF channel 13. Only the Carolina Panthers, Chicago Bears and Philadelphia Eagles are located in markets with UHF Fox affiliates. Two of them, WFLD in Chicago and WTXF in Philadelphia, are owned by the network. The third station, WCCB in Charlotte, is owned by Bahakel Communications, although VHF station WGHP in the Piedmont Triad is owned by Fox, and also within the Panthers' market area.
Effect in Top 10 markets
To this day, Washington, D.C. is the only Top 10 market from 1994 outside of New York, Los Angeles and Chicago not to have its ownership and/or major network affiliations (outside of network shutdowns and debuts) affected during and since the switches (Atlanta, Dallas and Detroit were affected by the New World deal, while Boston and Philadelphia were affected via the Westinghouse deal). While Houston was also not affected by the switches at the time and its major network affiliates remain the same, it was not a Top 10 market when the switches took place, as Houston only became a Top 10 market in 2005-06, surpassing Detroit.
San Francisco was also unaffected by the 1994 switches, as Westinghouse-owned KPIX-TV was already an affiliate of CBS. In 2002, however, its longtime NBC affiliate, KRON-TV became an independent station after a bitter dispute between KRON parent Young Broadcasting and NBC after the latter, who unsuccessfully bid for the station, made unfair demands that Young run the station in a fashion similar to that of an NBC O&O. NBC eventually bought San Jose ABC affiliate KNTV (which also served as the de facto ABC affiliate for the Monterey-Salinas market at the time).