'''Ulysses S. Grant III''' (July_4, 1881 - August_29, 1968), the son of Frederick_Dent_Grant (and the grandson of General of the Army and President_of_the_United_States Ulysses_S._Grant) was an American soldier and planner. He was involved in a controversy in preparing the celebrations for the Centennial of the American_Civil_War.
He was born in Chicago and educated in Austria, where his father was the U.S. Minister, as well as in the United States. He attended Columbia_University until 1898 when he received an appointment to West_Point. He graduated sixth in his class in 1903 (Douglas_MacArthur, Grant's classmate, graduated first in the class). He was assigned to the Corps of Engineers of the United_States_Army and graduated from the U.S._Engineer_School in 1908. He also served in the General_Staff Corps from 1917 to 1920 and again from 1936 to 1940.
Grant served on Mindanao in the Philippines (1903-04); the Cuban_Pacification (1906); the Mexican_Border_Service (1913-17), including the Veracruz Expedition (1914), and the Pancho_Villa_Expedition (1916); as well as in World_War_I and World_War_II.
In 1904 Grant served as an aide to President Theodore_Roosevelt. Grant met his future wife while he was at the White_House.
In 1907, Grant married Edith Root (1878 - 1962), the daughter of Elihu_Root, the former Secretary_of_War and Secretary of State. They had three daughters: Edith, Clara Frances, and Julia.
During World War I, Grant was promoted to major. From 1918-19, Maj. Grant served on the staff of Gen. Tasker_H._Bliss, the United States representative at the Supreme_War_Council at Versailles. Grant was the secretary of the American section. In 1918, he assisted in the treaty negotiations with Germany regarding the treatment of Prisoners_of_war. In 1919, Grant was on the commission to negotiate peace in Paris.
After the war, Grant returned to the United States and was the District Engineer of the 2nd Engineer District in San_Francisco. While in California, Grant also served on the California_Debris_Commission. On August_28, 1923, Maj. Grant made his first visit to the Sierra_Nevada. The Superintendent of General Grant National Park (now Kings_Canyon_National_Park) invited Grant to see the park named after Grant's grandfather. Maj. Grant visited the Grant_Grove and the General_Grant_tree, a Giant_Sequoia.
By 1923, Grant went to Washington,_DC and was the executive officer of the Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission and a member of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission. In 1925, he was director of the newly created Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital (1925-1933). By 1927 he was promoted to Lieutenant_colonel, and was appointed as a co-director of the bicentennial celebration of the birth of George_Washington. As the director of the parks in Washington, Grant also supervised the United_States_Park_Police. Grant expanded the police, instituted plain-clothes patrols, and modernized the force with the addition of motorcyles and automobiles. On one occaision, one of Grant's police officers felt that a woman's dress was too short and asked that she pull it down. When she refused, the officer asked her husband to comply. He also refused, and both were arrested. The husband and wife appealed to Grant. Later, in 1928, Grant ordered the police to crack down on late-night "petters" in the parks.
In 1934, he graduated from the Army_War_College. He commanded the 1st Engineer Regiment at Fort_DuPont,_Delaware and the Delaware Civilian_Conservation_Corps District from 1934 to 1936. He was a full Colonel by this time.
In 1936, Grant was the Chief_of_staff of the II Corps Area at Governor's_Island, New York.
Col. Grant, his wife, and her siblings and their spouses were at her father's side when he died in 1937.
In 1940, Grant was Division Engineer for the Great_Lakes Engineer Division, headquartered in Cleveland,_Ohio. He was promoted to Brigadier_general.
From 1941 to mid 1942, he commanded the Engineer Replacement Training Center at Fort_Leonard_Wood, Missouri. In July 1942, Grant was the chief of the protection branch of the Office_of_Civilian_Defense in Washington, DC; he was in charge of the United States' Civil_defense and often traveled across the country in this capacity.
In 1943, Grant was promoted to Major_general.
After the war, Grant resigned from the army. He again served on the National Capital Park and Planning Commission. He was vice president of The_George_Washington_University from 1946 to 1951. In addition, he also served as president of the American Planning and Civic Association from 1947 to 1949. He was also on the National Council of Historic Sites and a trustee of the National_Trust_for_Historic_Preservation.
Grant was chairman of the Civil War Centennial Commission from 1957 to 1961. He resigned from the commission due to the illness of his wife and also because of the controversies that developed in planning commemorative events for the centennial of the American_Civil_War.
The centennial celebration began at Grant's_Tomb with a twenty-one gun salute and was attended by cadets from West Point. A major controversy developed when ceremonies were to be held at Fort_Sumter in South Carolina. A member of the Centennial Commission, who happened to be a black woman, was denied a room at a Charleston,_South_Carolina hotel. The NAACP protested this vigorously and called for protests and boycotts of any centennial celebrations. It accused the Centennial Commission of being pro-South and not forcing the hotel to allow blacks in, especially on official business. Gen. Grant made the statement that the Centennial Commission was not responsible for state laws. The controversy brought in President John_F._Kennedy who stated that he would not accept any discrimination in centennial celebrations.
After the death of his wife, Gen. Grant remained at his home in New York.
He died August_29, 1968 in Clinton,_New_York and is buried at the Hamilton_College_Cemetery near his father-in-law http://www.findagrave.org/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid;=5799337&pt;=Ulysses%20Grant.
His cousin was Ulysses_S._Grant_IV, the son of Ulysses_S._(Buck)_Grant,_Jr..
==Awards and decorations==
*Distinguished Service Medal
*Legion_of_Merit
*Philippine_Campaign_Medal
*Army_of_Cuban_Pacification_Medal
*Mexican_Service_Medal
*World_War_I_Victory_Medal
*American_Defense_Service_Medal
*American_Campaign_Medal
*World_War_II_Victory_Medal
* Officier Légion_d'honneur (France)
*Croix_de_guerre (France)
* Companion of the Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George (UK)
*Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus (Italy)
*Medal_of_Solidarity,_1918 (Panama)
==Works by Ulysses S. Grant III==
*"Washington, a Treasure of Opportunities." ''American Magazine of Art'' Vol. 22, May 1931.
*"Washington, a Planned City in Evolution." ''Journal of the American Institute of Architects'' Vol. 1, March 1944.
*"Major Problems in Planning a Worthy Capital for the Nation." ''Landscape Architecture'' Vol. 40, October 1949.
*"Here Comes the Greatest Centennial in U.S. History!" published in various newspapers October 1960.
*''Ulysses S. Grant: Warrior and Statesman''. (1969) William Morrow & Company, New York. This is a biography of his famous grandfather and was published posthumously.
==References==
*Los_Angeles_Times, various articles 1923 - 1961.
*Whos's Who in America 1954-1955. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who.
*Who Was Who in America 1969-1973. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who.
*The National Cyclopædia of American Biography. (1973) Vol. 54. New York: James T. White & Co., pp. 401-402.
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