{{Taxobox_begin | color = lightgreen | name = Gentian}}
{{Taxobox_image | image = Image:_Gentian_from_slovakia.JPG | caption = Stemless gentian (''Gentiana acaulis'') }}
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = lightgreen}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = Plantae}}
{{Taxobox_divisio_entry | taxon = Magnoliophyta}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = Magnoliopsida}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = Gentianales}}
{{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = Gentianaceae}}
{{Taxobox genus entry | taxon = '''''Gentiana''''' L.}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = lightgreen | plural_taxon = Species}}
See text
{{Taxobox_end}}
'''Gentian''' ('''''Gentiana''''') is a genus of Flowering_plants belonging to the Gentian family (Gentianaceae), tribe Gentianeae and monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. This a large genus, with about 400 species.
Image:Gentiana.frigida1.jpg
This is a cosmopolitan genus, occurring in alpine habitats of temperate regions of Asia, Europe and the Americas. Some species also occur in northwest Africa, eastern Australia and New_Zealand. They consist of annual, biennial and perennial plants. Some are evergreen, others are not.
Their leaves are arranged in an opposite way. Most of them belong to a basal rosette. Gentians have trumpet-shaped Flowers which are usually deep blue or azure, but may vary from white, creamy and yellow to red. Blue-flowered species predominate in the Northern Hemisphere, and red in the Andes; white-flowered species are scattered but dominate in New Zealand. These terminal tubular flowers are mostly pentamerous, i.e. with 5 Corolla lobes (Petals), and 5 Sepals, but 4-7 in some species. The style is rather short or absent. The corolla shows folds (= plicae) between the lobes. The ovary is mostly sessile and has nectary glands.
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Gentians are fully hardy and like full sun or partial shade, and neutral to acid soil that is rich in humus and well drained. They are popular in Rock_gardens.
According to Pliny_the_Elder '''Gentian''' is named after Gentius (180-68 BC), the King of Illyria, said to have discovered its healing properties. Some species are of medicinal use and their roots were harvested for the manufacture of tonic liquor, for instance in France "Suze" or similar liquors. Gentian is also used as a flavouring, for example in Bitters, and the Soft_drink "Moxie" which contains "Gentian Root Extractives".
;Species Image:Gentiana_amarella_L_ag1.jpg Image:Gentiana.andrewsii1.jpg Image:Gentiana_asclepiadea_L_ag1.jpg Image:Gentiana-calycosa1web.jpg {| |- valign=top | *''Gentiana acaulis'' Stemless Gentian *''Gentiana_affinis'' Pleated Gentian *''Gentiana_alba'' Plain Gentian *''Gentiana_algida'' Whitish Gentian *''Gentiana_alpina'' Alpine Gentian *''Gentiana_altaica'' Altai Gentian *''Gentiana_amoena'' *''Gentiana_andrewsii'' Closed Bottle Gentian *''Gentiana_angustifolia'' *''Gentiana_asclepiadea'' Willow Gentian *''Gentiana_austromontana'' Appalachian Gentian *''Gentiana_autumnalis'' Pinebarren Gentian *''Gentiana_bavarica'' Bavarian Gentian *''Gentiana_bellidifolia'' *''Gentiana_boryi'' *''Gentiana_brachyphylla'' *''Gentiana_bulleyana'' *''Gentiana_burseri'' *''Gentiana_cachemirica'' *''Gentiana_calycosa'' Rainier Pleated Gentian *''Gentiana_catesbaei'' Elliott's Gentian *''Gentiana_cephalantha'' *''Gentiana_cerina'' *''Gentiana_clausa'' Bottle Gentian *''Gentiana_clusii'' Trumpet Gentian *''Gentiana_crassicaulis'' *''Gentiana_cruciata'' Cross Gentian *''Gentiana_dahurica'' *''Gentiana_decora'' Showy Gentian *''Gentiana_decumbens'' *''Gentiana_dendrologii'' *''Gentiana_depressa'' *''Gentiana_dinarica'' *''Gentiana_douglasiana'' Swamp Gentian *''Gentiana_elwesii'' *''Gentiana_farreri'' *''Gentiana_fetisowii'' *''Gentiana_flavida'' Pale Gentian *''Gentiana_freyniana'' *''Gentiana_frigida'' *''Gentiana_froelichii'' *''Gentiana_fremontii'' Moss Gentian *''Gentiana_gelida'' *''Gentiana_gilvo-striata'' *''Gentiana_glauca'' Pale Gentian *''Gentiana_gracilipes'' *''Gentiana_grombczewskii'' *''Gentiana_heterosepala'' Autumn Gentian *''Gentiana_hexaphylla'' *''Gentiana_kesselringii'' *''Gentiana_kurroo'' *''Gentiana_lawrencii'' *''Gentiana_lhassica'' *''Gentiana_linearis'' Narrowleaf Gentian *''Gentiana_loderi'' *''Gentiana_lutea'' Great Yellow Gentian *''Gentiana_macrophylla'' Bigleaf Gentian *''Gentiana_makinoi'' *''Gentiana_microdonta'' *''Gentiana_newberryi'' Newberry's Gentian *''Gentiana_nipponica'' *''Gentiana_nivalis'' Snow Gentian | *''Gentiana_nubigena'' *''Gentiana_nutans'' Tundra Gentian *''Gentiana_ochroleuca'' *''Gentiana_olivieri'' *''Gentiana_ornata'' *''Gentiana_pannonica'' Brown Gentian *''Gentiana_paradoxa'' *''Gentiana_parryi'' Parry's Gentian *''Gentiana_patula'' *''Gentiana_pennelliana'' Wiregrass Gentian *''Gentiana_phyllocalyx'' *''Gentiana_platypetala'' Broadpetal Gentian *''Gentiana_plurisetosa'' Bristly Gentian *''Gentiana_pneumonanthe'' Marsh Gentian *''Gentiana_prolata'' *''Gentiana_prostrata'' Pygmy Gentian *''Gentiana_przewalskii'' *''Gentiana_pterocalyx'' *''Gentiana_puberulenta'' Downy Gentian *''Gentiana_pumila'' *''Gentiana_punctata'' Spotted Gentian *''Gentiana_purpurea'' Purple Gentian *''Gentiana_pyrenaica'' *''Gentiana_quadrifolia'' *''Gentiana_rigescens'' *''Gentiana_rostanii'' *''Gentiana_rubricaulis'' Closed Gentian *''Gentiana_saponaria'' Harvestbells Gentian *''Gentiana_saxosa'' *''Gentiana_scabra'' *''Gentiana_scarlatina'' *''Gentiana_sceptrum'' King's-scepter Gentian *''Gentiana_septemfida'' Crested Gentian *''Gentiana_setigera'' Mendocino Gentian *''Gentiana_setulifolia'' *''Gentiana_sikkimensis'' *''Gentiana_sikokiana'' *''Gentiana_sino-ornata'' *''Gentiana_siphonantha'' *''Gentiana_speciosa'' *''Gentiana_squarrosa'' *''Gentiana_stictantha'' *''Gentiana_stragulata'' *''Gentiana_straminea'' *''Gentiana_tenuifolia'' *''Gentiana_terglouensis'' Triglav Gentian *''Gentiana_ternifolia'' *''Gentiana_tianshanica'' Tienshan Gentian *''Gentiana_trichotoma'' *''Gentiana_triflora'' *''Gentiana_trinervis'' *''Gentiana_tubiflora'' *''Gentiana_utriculosa'' Bladder Gentian *''Gentiana_veitchiorum'' *''Gentiana_venusta'' *''Gentiana_verna'' Spring Gentian *''Gentiana_villosa'' Striped Gentian *''Gentiana_waltonii'' *''Gentiana_wutaiensis'' *''Gentiana_yakushimensis'' *''Gentiana_zollingeri'' |} == Reference == * Gentian Research Network
Image:Gentiana.clausa1web.jpg|Bottle Gentian (''Gentiana clausa'')
Image:Gentiana_lutea_230705.jpg|Great Yellow Gentian (''Gentiana lutea'')
Image:Gentiana.parryi1.jpg|Parry's Gentian (''Gentiana parryi'')
Image:Gentiana pneumonanthe L ag1.jpg|Marsh Gentian (''Gentiana pneumonanthe'')
Image:Gentiana septemfida0.jpg|Crested Gentian (''Gentiana septemfida)''
Image:Gentiana verna L ag1.jpg|Spring Gentian (''Gentiana verna'')
{{Commons|Gentiana}}
Category:Gentianales
Bg:Тинтява
De:Enziane
Eo:Genciano
Fr:Gentiane
Nl:Gentiaan
Ja:リンドウ
Pl:Goryczka
Sv:Gentianor
;Species Image:Gentiana_amarella_L_ag1.jpg Image:Gentiana.andrewsii1.jpg Image:Gentiana_asclepiadea_L_ag1.jpg Image:Gentiana-calycosa1web.jpg {| |- valign=top | *''Gentiana acaulis'' Stemless Gentian *''Gentiana_affinis'' Pleated Gentian *''Gentiana_alba'' Plain Gentian *''Gentiana_algida'' Whitish Gentian *''Gentiana_alpina'' Alpine Gentian *''Gentiana_altaica'' Altai Gentian *''Gentiana_amoena'' *''Gentiana_andrewsii'' Closed Bottle Gentian *''Gentiana_angustifolia'' *''Gentiana_asclepiadea'' Willow Gentian *''Gentiana_austromontana'' Appalachian Gentian *''Gentiana_autumnalis'' Pinebarren Gentian *''Gentiana_bavarica'' Bavarian Gentian *''Gentiana_bellidifolia'' *''Gentiana_boryi'' *''Gentiana_brachyphylla'' *''Gentiana_bulleyana'' *''Gentiana_burseri'' *''Gentiana_cachemirica'' *''Gentiana_calycosa'' Rainier Pleated Gentian *''Gentiana_catesbaei'' Elliott's Gentian *''Gentiana_cephalantha'' *''Gentiana_cerina'' *''Gentiana_clausa'' Bottle Gentian *''Gentiana_clusii'' Trumpet Gentian *''Gentiana_crassicaulis'' *''Gentiana_cruciata'' Cross Gentian *''Gentiana_dahurica'' *''Gentiana_decora'' Showy Gentian *''Gentiana_decumbens'' *''Gentiana_dendrologii'' *''Gentiana_depressa'' *''Gentiana_dinarica'' *''Gentiana_douglasiana'' Swamp Gentian *''Gentiana_elwesii'' *''Gentiana_farreri'' *''Gentiana_fetisowii'' *''Gentiana_flavida'' Pale Gentian *''Gentiana_freyniana'' *''Gentiana_frigida'' *''Gentiana_froelichii'' *''Gentiana_fremontii'' Moss Gentian *''Gentiana_gelida'' *''Gentiana_gilvo-striata'' *''Gentiana_glauca'' Pale Gentian *''Gentiana_gracilipes'' *''Gentiana_grombczewskii'' *''Gentiana_heterosepala'' Autumn Gentian *''Gentiana_hexaphylla'' *''Gentiana_kesselringii'' *''Gentiana_kurroo'' *''Gentiana_lawrencii'' *''Gentiana_lhassica'' *''Gentiana_linearis'' Narrowleaf Gentian *''Gentiana_loderi'' *''Gentiana_lutea'' Great Yellow Gentian *''Gentiana_macrophylla'' Bigleaf Gentian *''Gentiana_makinoi'' *''Gentiana_microdonta'' *''Gentiana_newberryi'' Newberry's Gentian *''Gentiana_nipponica'' *''Gentiana_nivalis'' Snow Gentian | *''Gentiana_nubigena'' *''Gentiana_nutans'' Tundra Gentian *''Gentiana_ochroleuca'' *''Gentiana_olivieri'' *''Gentiana_ornata'' *''Gentiana_pannonica'' Brown Gentian *''Gentiana_paradoxa'' *''Gentiana_parryi'' Parry's Gentian *''Gentiana_patula'' *''Gentiana_pennelliana'' Wiregrass Gentian *''Gentiana_phyllocalyx'' *''Gentiana_platypetala'' Broadpetal Gentian *''Gentiana_plurisetosa'' Bristly Gentian *''Gentiana_pneumonanthe'' Marsh Gentian *''Gentiana_prolata'' *''Gentiana_prostrata'' Pygmy Gentian *''Gentiana_przewalskii'' *''Gentiana_pterocalyx'' *''Gentiana_puberulenta'' Downy Gentian *''Gentiana_pumila'' *''Gentiana_punctata'' Spotted Gentian *''Gentiana_purpurea'' Purple Gentian *''Gentiana_pyrenaica'' *''Gentiana_quadrifolia'' *''Gentiana_rigescens'' *''Gentiana_rostanii'' *''Gentiana_rubricaulis'' Closed Gentian *''Gentiana_saponaria'' Harvestbells Gentian *''Gentiana_saxosa'' *''Gentiana_scabra'' *''Gentiana_scarlatina'' *''Gentiana_sceptrum'' King's-scepter Gentian *''Gentiana_septemfida'' Crested Gentian *''Gentiana_setigera'' Mendocino Gentian *''Gentiana_setulifolia'' *''Gentiana_sikkimensis'' *''Gentiana_sikokiana'' *''Gentiana_sino-ornata'' *''Gentiana_siphonantha'' *''Gentiana_speciosa'' *''Gentiana_squarrosa'' *''Gentiana_stictantha'' *''Gentiana_stragulata'' *''Gentiana_straminea'' *''Gentiana_tenuifolia'' *''Gentiana_terglouensis'' Triglav Gentian *''Gentiana_ternifolia'' *''Gentiana_tianshanica'' Tienshan Gentian *''Gentiana_trichotoma'' *''Gentiana_triflora'' *''Gentiana_trinervis'' *''Gentiana_tubiflora'' *''Gentiana_utriculosa'' Bladder Gentian *''Gentiana_veitchiorum'' *''Gentiana_venusta'' *''Gentiana_verna'' Spring Gentian *''Gentiana_villosa'' Striped Gentian *''Gentiana_waltonii'' *''Gentiana_wutaiensis'' *''Gentiana_yakushimensis'' *''Gentiana_zollingeri'' |} == Reference == * Gentian Research Network