Image:DiegoRivera.jpg
'''Diego Rivera''' (born December_13, 1886 in Guanajuato,_Guanajuato, Mexico – died November_24, 1957), full name '''Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez''', of Jewish Converso heritage and Catholic upbringing but a professed atheist, was in his early career an outstanding cubist Painter and later a talented muralist, whose awareness strongly influenced his work, especially his murals portraying Mexican life and history. He is said to be regarded in Latin America today as a folk hero. From a common-law marriage to the artist Angelina_Beloff he had a son, Diego Jr., who did not survive infancy, and from a relationship with the Russian emigrée painter Marie_Vorobieff-Stebelska (Marevna) a daughter, Marika_Rivera. His marriage to the Mexican painter Frida_Kahlo was childless after a miscarriage.
==Early career in Europe== On his arrival in Europe in 1907 Rivera initially went to study in Barcelona, Spain, and from there proceeded to Paris, France, to live and work with the great gathering of artists in Montparnasse, especially at La_Ruche, where his friend Amedeo_Modigliani painted his portrait in 1914.http://www.imageartsetc.com/stock-images/detail.asp?pid=1430 The circle of close friends that included further Ilya_Ehrenburg, Chaim_Soutine, Modigliani's wife Jeanne_Hébuterne, Max_Jacob, gallery owner Leopold Zborowski, and Moise_Kisling, was captured for posterity by Marie_Vorobieff-Stebelska (Marevna) in her painting "Homage to Friends from Montparnasse" (1962).http://www.rusmuseum.ru/eng/exhibitions/?id=140&year;=2003&pic;=4 Paris in those years was witnessing the emergence of Cubism in paintings by such eminent painters as Picasso, Braque and Cezanne. From 1913 to 1918 Rivera himself enthusiastically embraced this new school of art, as his masterly cubist paintings from this time demonstrate. His paintings began to attract attention; and he was able to display them at several exhibitions. ==Domestic life in Europe== In his undisciplined and increasingly violent private life Rivera fathered several children from brief affairs, abandoning all of them. In 1915, whilst still married in common-law marriage to the artist Angelina Beloff, who in 1916 bore him his only son, Diego Jr. who, however, died merely 14 months old, Rivera embarked on a relationship with the Russian emigrée cubist painter Marie_Vorobieff-Stebelska (Marevna), who herself on 13 November 1919 bore him a daughter, named Marika.http://www.vancemartin.com/artists/mcbean/mcbean01.html ==Career in Mexico== In 1920 Rivera left France and, travelling via Italy, returned in 1921 to Mexico, where he continued his prolific career as an artist. Having been born in Guanajuato, he now became involved in the new Mexican mural movement. With such Mexican artists as José_Clemente_Orozco, David_Alfaro_Siqueiros and Rufino_Tamayo, and the French artist Jean_Charlot, he began to experiment with Fresco painting on large walls. Rivera soon developed his own style of large, simplified figures and bold colours. He had also become interested in left-wing politics. Thus when he painted his first mural, he presented ethnic Mexican subjects in a political context. Many of his murals deal symbolically with Mexican society and thought after the country's 1910 Revolution. His art, in a fashion similar to the stellae of the Maya tell stories. One mural “En el Arsenal” 'in the arsenal' Http://www.chapingo.mx/academicos/capilla/Nrev/ND1.htmwhich shows to the left Vittorio_Vidale, Tina_Modotti (holding an ammunition belt), and Julio_Antonio_Mella (with hat) is said by some to elucidate the political murder of Mella. Rivera's radical political beliefs, his attacks on the church, and clergy, as well as his flirtations with troskyites and left wing assassins made him a controversial figure even in communist circles. Some of Rivera's best murals are in the National Palace in Mexico City and at the National Agricultural School in Chapingo, near Texcoco. ==Later work abroad== Image:Rivera_detroit_industry_north.jpg.]] In the autumn of 1927 Rivera, accepting an invitation to take part in the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution, arrived in Moscow, Russia; but in 1928 he was expelled by the authorities because of his involvement in anti-Soviet politics and returned to Mexico. His mural "In the Arsenal" is interpreted by some to as evidence of Vittorio_Vidale's murder of Julio_Antonio_Mella, his involvement with Tina_Modotti, and to relate to his expulsion from the Mexican Communist Party. Rivera then painted several significant works in the United States. From 1930 to 1933 he completed a number of frescoes in the United_States, mostly consisting of industrial life. Perhaps his finest surviving work in the United States are the 27 fresco panels entitled ''Detroit Industry'' on the walls of an inner court at the Detroit_Institute_of_Arts that he painted in 1932. Image:Rivera_detroit_industry_south.jpg.]] His mural ''Man at the Crossroads'', begun in 1933 for the Rockefeller_Center in New_York_City, was removed after a furor erupted in the press because at the time there was a fear of a violent revolution and his work contained a portrait of Lenin. As a result of the negative publicity, a further commission to paint a mural for an exhibition at the Chicago World's Fair was cancelled. In December 1933, an angry and humiliated Rivera returned to Mexico. He repainted the work in 1934 in the Palacio_de_Bellas_Artes in Mexico City. This repainting was called ''Man, Controller of the Universe''. Nevertheless, in 1940 Rivera returned to the United States to paint ten murals for the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco. ==Marriage to Frida Kahlo== Several marriages and love affairs later Rivera was introduced to Frida_Kahlo, a Communist, who herself went on to become a famous and noted Mexican painter in the later stages of her life. They married for the first time in 1929, when he was 42 years old and she was 22; but owing to his infidelity and violent temper they divorced in 1940, only to re-marry later that year, although their marriage was never to be conventional. Despite her serious earlier accident, Kahlo conceived, but then suffered a miscarriage; and their marriage remained childless. After Kahlo's demise in 1954 Rivera married once more, this time to publisher Emma Hurtado (1955). Image:Rivera-trotsky.jpg ==Political leanings== Having joined the International_Communist_League, Rivera became friends with Soviet exile Leon_Trotsky, who for a while moved into his home in Mexico. But they had a falling out and, shortly after he left Rivera's home, Trotsky was assassinated. Some suspected that Rivera was involved in the murder, though it is proven to have been highly unlikely. Following Trotsky's death, Rivera and Kahlo both became Anti-Revisionists/Anti-Stalinists. ==Demise== Not quite a year after receiving national homage on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of his birthday, Diego Rivera died on November_24, 1957 in his San Angel studio from heart failure. He is interred in the Panteón_de_Dolores in Mexico City. ==See also== Culture of Mexico – Family
Machismo ==External links== {{Commons|Diego Rivera}} * Artcyclopedia - Links to Rivera's works * Artchive - Biography and images of Rivera's works *Short biography with photograph *"Chronology & photographs" (year by year, animated) *Detailed biography (with timeline and paintings) *Biographical note with photographs *Short illustrated biography (in Dutch) *Biographical note (with self-portrait and photographs with Trotsky and Frida_Kahlo) *Self-portrait from 1941 and other paintings *Marela Trejo Zacarías: "Visual Biography of Diego Rivera" *Diego Rivera at the Detroit Institute of Arts * Diego Rivera Mural Project * Diego Rivera House Museum * Virtual Diego Rivera Web Museum * "Diego Rivera: Master Cubist" (12th painting in sequence: "Motherhood – Angelina and the Child Diego" (1916) depicting his common-law wife with their baby son.) * Painting by Marie Vorobieff-Stebelska (Marevna) depicting on the very left herself, Diego Rivera and their daughter Marika, and on the right their mutual friends from Montparnasse, namely (top left to right:) Ilya_Ehrenburg, Chaim_Soutine, Amedeo_Modigliani and his wife Jeanne_Hébuterne, Max_Jacob, the gallery owner Leopold Zborowski, and (bottom right corner:) Moise_Kisling. Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego River, Diego Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego Da:Diego_Rivera De:Diego_Rivera Es:Diego_Rivera Eo:Diego_RIVERA Eu:Diego_Rivera Fr:Diego_Rivera It:Diego_Rivera Ja:ディエゴ・リベラ Nl:Diego_Rivera Pt:Diego_Rivera Ru:Ривера,_Диего Fi:Diego_Rivera Sv:Diego_Rivera
==Early career in Europe== On his arrival in Europe in 1907 Rivera initially went to study in Barcelona, Spain, and from there proceeded to Paris, France, to live and work with the great gathering of artists in Montparnasse, especially at La_Ruche, where his friend Amedeo_Modigliani painted his portrait in 1914.http://www.imageartsetc.com/stock-images/detail.asp?pid=1430 The circle of close friends that included further Ilya_Ehrenburg, Chaim_Soutine, Modigliani's wife Jeanne_Hébuterne, Max_Jacob, gallery owner Leopold Zborowski, and Moise_Kisling, was captured for posterity by Marie_Vorobieff-Stebelska (Marevna) in her painting "Homage to Friends from Montparnasse" (1962).http://www.rusmuseum.ru/eng/exhibitions/?id=140&year;=2003&pic;=4 Paris in those years was witnessing the emergence of Cubism in paintings by such eminent painters as Picasso, Braque and Cezanne. From 1913 to 1918 Rivera himself enthusiastically embraced this new school of art, as his masterly cubist paintings from this time demonstrate. His paintings began to attract attention; and he was able to display them at several exhibitions. ==Domestic life in Europe== In his undisciplined and increasingly violent private life Rivera fathered several children from brief affairs, abandoning all of them. In 1915, whilst still married in common-law marriage to the artist Angelina Beloff, who in 1916 bore him his only son, Diego Jr. who, however, died merely 14 months old, Rivera embarked on a relationship with the Russian emigrée cubist painter Marie_Vorobieff-Stebelska (Marevna), who herself on 13 November 1919 bore him a daughter, named Marika.http://www.vancemartin.com/artists/mcbean/mcbean01.html ==Career in Mexico== In 1920 Rivera left France and, travelling via Italy, returned in 1921 to Mexico, where he continued his prolific career as an artist. Having been born in Guanajuato, he now became involved in the new Mexican mural movement. With such Mexican artists as José_Clemente_Orozco, David_Alfaro_Siqueiros and Rufino_Tamayo, and the French artist Jean_Charlot, he began to experiment with Fresco painting on large walls. Rivera soon developed his own style of large, simplified figures and bold colours. He had also become interested in left-wing politics. Thus when he painted his first mural, he presented ethnic Mexican subjects in a political context. Many of his murals deal symbolically with Mexican society and thought after the country's 1910 Revolution. His art, in a fashion similar to the stellae of the Maya tell stories. One mural “En el Arsenal” 'in the arsenal' Http://www.chapingo.mx/academicos/capilla/Nrev/ND1.htmwhich shows to the left Vittorio_Vidale, Tina_Modotti (holding an ammunition belt), and Julio_Antonio_Mella (with hat) is said by some to elucidate the political murder of Mella. Rivera's radical political beliefs, his attacks on the church, and clergy, as well as his flirtations with troskyites and left wing assassins made him a controversial figure even in communist circles. Some of Rivera's best murals are in the National Palace in Mexico City and at the National Agricultural School in Chapingo, near Texcoco. ==Later work abroad== Image:Rivera_detroit_industry_north.jpg.]] In the autumn of 1927 Rivera, accepting an invitation to take part in the celebration of the 10th anniversary of the October Revolution, arrived in Moscow, Russia; but in 1928 he was expelled by the authorities because of his involvement in anti-Soviet politics and returned to Mexico. His mural "In the Arsenal" is interpreted by some to as evidence of Vittorio_Vidale's murder of Julio_Antonio_Mella, his involvement with Tina_Modotti, and to relate to his expulsion from the Mexican Communist Party. Rivera then painted several significant works in the United States. From 1930 to 1933 he completed a number of frescoes in the United_States, mostly consisting of industrial life. Perhaps his finest surviving work in the United States are the 27 fresco panels entitled ''Detroit Industry'' on the walls of an inner court at the Detroit_Institute_of_Arts that he painted in 1932. Image:Rivera_detroit_industry_south.jpg.]] His mural ''Man at the Crossroads'', begun in 1933 for the Rockefeller_Center in New_York_City, was removed after a furor erupted in the press because at the time there was a fear of a violent revolution and his work contained a portrait of Lenin. As a result of the negative publicity, a further commission to paint a mural for an exhibition at the Chicago World's Fair was cancelled. In December 1933, an angry and humiliated Rivera returned to Mexico. He repainted the work in 1934 in the Palacio_de_Bellas_Artes in Mexico City. This repainting was called ''Man, Controller of the Universe''. Nevertheless, in 1940 Rivera returned to the United States to paint ten murals for the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco. ==Marriage to Frida Kahlo== Several marriages and love affairs later Rivera was introduced to Frida_Kahlo, a Communist, who herself went on to become a famous and noted Mexican painter in the later stages of her life. They married for the first time in 1929, when he was 42 years old and she was 22; but owing to his infidelity and violent temper they divorced in 1940, only to re-marry later that year, although their marriage was never to be conventional. Despite her serious earlier accident, Kahlo conceived, but then suffered a miscarriage; and their marriage remained childless. After Kahlo's demise in 1954 Rivera married once more, this time to publisher Emma Hurtado (1955). Image:Rivera-trotsky.jpg ==Political leanings== Having joined the International_Communist_League, Rivera became friends with Soviet exile Leon_Trotsky, who for a while moved into his home in Mexico. But they had a falling out and, shortly after he left Rivera's home, Trotsky was assassinated. Some suspected that Rivera was involved in the murder, though it is proven to have been highly unlikely. Following Trotsky's death, Rivera and Kahlo both became Anti-Revisionists/Anti-Stalinists. ==Demise== Not quite a year after receiving national homage on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of his birthday, Diego Rivera died on November_24, 1957 in his San Angel studio from heart failure. He is interred in the Panteón_de_Dolores in Mexico City. ==See also== Culture of Mexico – Family
Machismo ==External links== {{Commons|Diego Rivera}} * Artcyclopedia - Links to Rivera's works * Artchive - Biography and images of Rivera's works *Short biography with photograph *"Chronology & photographs" (year by year, animated) *Detailed biography (with timeline and paintings) *Biographical note with photographs *Short illustrated biography (in Dutch) *Biographical note (with self-portrait and photographs with Trotsky and Frida_Kahlo) *Self-portrait from 1941 and other paintings *Marela Trejo Zacarías: "Visual Biography of Diego Rivera" *Diego Rivera at the Detroit Institute of Arts * Diego Rivera Mural Project * Diego Rivera House Museum * Virtual Diego Rivera Web Museum * "Diego Rivera: Master Cubist" (12th painting in sequence: "Motherhood – Angelina and the Child Diego" (1916) depicting his common-law wife with their baby son.) * Painting by Marie Vorobieff-Stebelska (Marevna) depicting on the very left herself, Diego Rivera and their daughter Marika, and on the right their mutual friends from Montparnasse, namely (top left to right:) Ilya_Ehrenburg, Chaim_Soutine, Amedeo_Modigliani and his wife Jeanne_Hébuterne, Max_Jacob, the gallery owner Leopold Zborowski, and (bottom right corner:) Moise_Kisling. Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego River, Diego Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego Rivera, Diego Da:Diego_Rivera De:Diego_Rivera Es:Diego_Rivera Eo:Diego_RIVERA Eu:Diego_Rivera Fr:Diego_Rivera It:Diego_Rivera Ja:ディエゴ・リベラ Nl:Diego_Rivera Pt:Diego_Rivera Ru:Ривера,_Диего Fi:Diego_Rivera Sv:Diego_Rivera