{| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style="margin-left: 15px;"
|-
| align="center" colspan=2 | '''Years:'''
1865 1866 1867 - 1868 - 1869 1870 1871 |- | align="center" colspan=2 | '''Decades:'''
1830s 1840s 1850s - '''1860s''' - 1870s 1880s 1890s |- | align="center" | '''Centuries:'''
18th_century - '''19th_century''' - 20th_century
{{C19YearInTopic}} |} '''1868''' was a Leap_year_starting_on_Wednesday (see link for calendar). ==Events== *January_3 - Meiji_Emperor declares "Meiji_Restoration", his own restoration to full power, against the supporters of the Tokugawa_Shogunate. * January_6 - Asa_Mercer and number of new "Mercer_Girls" sail from Massachusetts for West Coast - they arrive in Seattle in May_23 * January_10 - Shogun Tokugawa_Yoshinobu declares emperor's declaration "illegal" and attacks Kyoto. Pro-Emperor forces drive his troops away. Shogun surrenders in May. * February_13 - The War_Office sanctions the formation of what will become the Army Post Office Corps * February_16 - In New_York_City the Jolly Corks organization is renamed the Benevolent_and_Protective_Order_of_Elks (BPOE). * February_24 - The first Parade to have floats occurs at Mardi_Gras in New_Orleans,_Louisiana. * February_24 - After Andrew_Johnson tried to dismiss United_States_Secretary_of_War Edwin_M._Stanton, he becomes the first President_of_the_United_States to be impeached by the United_States_House_of_Representatives. Johnson would later be acquitted by the United_States_Senate. * March_5 - A court of Impeachment is organized in the United_States_Senate to hear charges against President Andrew_Johnson. * March_23 - The University_of_California is founded in Oakland,_California when the Organic Act is signed into California law. *April_1 - Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute is established in Hampton,_Virginia * March_24 - Metropolitan_Life_Insurance_Company is formed. * May_16 - President Andrew_Johnson is acquitted during his Impeachment trial, by one vote in the United_States_Senate. * May_30 - Memorial_Day is observed in the United_States for the first time (it was proclaimed on May_5 by General John_Logan). * May_31 - Thomas_Spence declares himself president of the Republic_of_Manitoba. He soon alienates the locals * July_5 - Preacher William_Booth establishes the Christian Mission, predecessor of the Salvation_Army, in the East_End of London * July_25 - Wyoming becomes a United States territory. * July_28 - The 14th_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution is adopted guaranteeing African_Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United_States Due_process of law. *late September - Queen Isabella_II_of_Spain effectively deposed and goes into exile; she will formally abdicate June_25, 1870. * September_23 - Rebels in the town of Lares declare Puerto_Rico independent. Local militia defeats them a week later. * October_28 - Thomas_Edison applied for his first patent, the electric vote recorder. * November - Ulysses_S._Grant defeats Horatio_Seymour in the U.S. presidential election. * November_2 - New_Zealand officially adopts nationally observed Standard_time, and was perhaps the first country to do so. *December_25 - US President Andrew_Johnson grants unconditional pardon to all Civil War rebels. * November_27 - Indian_Wars: Battle_of_Washita_River - In the early morning, United_States_Army Lieutenant Colonel George_Armstrong_Custer leads an attack on a band of peaceful Cheyenne living on reservation land with Chief_Black_Kettle, killing 103 Cheyenne (later regarded as the first substantial US victory in the war). * Thomas_Henry_Huxley discovers what he thinks is a primordial matter and names it ''bathybius haecklii'' (he admits his mistake in 1871) * German Ophthalmologist August_Rothmund defines Rothmund-Thompson's_syndrome. *First edition of the World_Almanac published. *Académie_Julian - a major art school in Paris,_France that admitted women. ==Births== * January_9 - S.P.L._Sørensen, Danish chemist (d. 1939) * January_31 - Theodore_William_Richards, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928) * February_10 - William_Allen_White, American journalist (d. 1944) * February_23 - W.E.B._DuBois, American civil rights leader (d. 1963) * March_22 - Robert_Millikan, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953) * March_25 - William_Lockwood, English cricketer (d. 1932) * March_28 - Maxim_Gorky, Russian author (d. 1936) * April_10 - George_Arliss, English actor (d. 1946) * May_6 - Nicholas_II_of_Russia (d. 1918) * May_6 - Gaston_Leroux, French writer (d. 1927) * May_29 - Abdul_Mejid_II, last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1944) * June_7 - Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh, Scottish architect (d. 1928) *June_14 - Karl_Landsteiner, Austrian biologist and physician, recipient of the Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine (d. 1943) * June_18 - Georges_Lacombe, French artist (d. 1916) * July_12 - Stefan_George, German poet (d. 1933) * July_14 - Gertrude_Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (d. 1926) * August_26 - Charles Stewart, Premier_of_Alberta (d. 1946) * September_1 - Henri_Bourassa, Canadian politician and publisher (d. 1952). * October_18 - Ernst_Didring, Swedish writer (d. 1931) * November_8 - Felix_Hausdorff, German mathematician (d. 1942) * November_9 - Marie_Dressler, Canadian actress (d. 1934) * November_24 - Scott_Joplin, American musician and composer (d. 1917) * December_9 - Fritz_Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1934) ==Deaths== * February_11 - Léon Foucault, French astronomer (b. 1819) * February_29 - King Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria (b. 1786) * March_4 - Jesse_Chisholm, American pioneer (b. 1805) * March_28 - James_Thomas_Brudenell,_7th_Earl_of_Cardigan, British military leader (b. 1797) * April - Isami_Kondo, Japanese fighter (b. 1834) * April_3 - Franz_Berwald, Swedish composer (b. 1796) * April_7 - Thomas_D'Arcy_McGee, Irish-Canadian journalist, politician and Canadian father of confederation (assassinated) (b. 1825) *May_7 - Henry_Peter_Brougham, Lord_High_Chancellor_of_Great_Britain (b. 1778) * May_23 - Kit_Carson, American trapper, scout, and Indian agent (b. 1809) * June_1 - James_Buchanan, 15th President_of_the_United_States (b. 1791) * June_22 - Heber_C._Kimball, Mormon church leader (b. 1801) *September_26 - August_Ferdinand_Möbius, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1790) *October_17 - Laura_Secord, Canadian patriot (b. 1775) * November_13 - Gioacchino_Rossini, Italian composer (b. 1792) * November_15 - James_Mayer_Rothschild, German-born banker (b. 1792) * December_6 - August_Schleicher, German linguist (b. 1821) * Charles_Thomas_Longley, Archbishop_of_Canterbury (b. 1794) * August_Ferdinand_Möbius, German mathematician and theoretical astronomer (b. 1790) Category:1868 Af:1868 Ar:1868 Ast:1868 Bg:1868 Be:1868 Bs:1868 Ca:1868 Cv:1868 Cs:1868 Cy:1868 Da:1868 De:1868 Et:1868 El:1868 Es:1868 Eo:1868 Eu:1868 Fr:1868 Fy:1868 Ga:1868 Gl:1868 Ko:1868년 Hr:1868 Io:1868 Id:1868 Ia:1868 Is:1868 It:1868 He:1868 Ka:1868 Csb:1868 La:1868 Lt:1868 Lb:1868 Hu:1868 Mk:1868 Ms:1868 Nl:1868 No:1868 Nn:1868 Os:1868 Pl:1868 Pt:1868 Ro:1868 Ru:1868 Sq:1868 Scn:1868 Simple:1868 Sk:1868 Sl:1868 Sr:1868 Fi:1868 Sv:1868 Tt:1868 Th:พ.ศ._2411 Tr:1868 Uk:1868 Wa:1868 Zh:1868年
1865 1866 1867 - 1868 - 1869 1870 1871 |- | align="center" colspan=2 | '''Decades:'''
1830s 1840s 1850s - '''1860s''' - 1870s 1880s 1890s |- | align="center" | '''Centuries:'''
18th_century - '''19th_century''' - 20th_century
{{C19YearInTopic}} |} '''1868''' was a Leap_year_starting_on_Wednesday (see link for calendar). ==Events== *January_3 - Meiji_Emperor declares "Meiji_Restoration", his own restoration to full power, against the supporters of the Tokugawa_Shogunate. * January_6 - Asa_Mercer and number of new "Mercer_Girls" sail from Massachusetts for West Coast - they arrive in Seattle in May_23 * January_10 - Shogun Tokugawa_Yoshinobu declares emperor's declaration "illegal" and attacks Kyoto. Pro-Emperor forces drive his troops away. Shogun surrenders in May. * February_13 - The War_Office sanctions the formation of what will become the Army Post Office Corps * February_16 - In New_York_City the Jolly Corks organization is renamed the Benevolent_and_Protective_Order_of_Elks (BPOE). * February_24 - The first Parade to have floats occurs at Mardi_Gras in New_Orleans,_Louisiana. * February_24 - After Andrew_Johnson tried to dismiss United_States_Secretary_of_War Edwin_M._Stanton, he becomes the first President_of_the_United_States to be impeached by the United_States_House_of_Representatives. Johnson would later be acquitted by the United_States_Senate. * March_5 - A court of Impeachment is organized in the United_States_Senate to hear charges against President Andrew_Johnson. * March_23 - The University_of_California is founded in Oakland,_California when the Organic Act is signed into California law. *April_1 - Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute is established in Hampton,_Virginia * March_24 - Metropolitan_Life_Insurance_Company is formed. * May_16 - President Andrew_Johnson is acquitted during his Impeachment trial, by one vote in the United_States_Senate. * May_30 - Memorial_Day is observed in the United_States for the first time (it was proclaimed on May_5 by General John_Logan). * May_31 - Thomas_Spence declares himself president of the Republic_of_Manitoba. He soon alienates the locals * July_5 - Preacher William_Booth establishes the Christian Mission, predecessor of the Salvation_Army, in the East_End of London * July_25 - Wyoming becomes a United States territory. * July_28 - The 14th_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution is adopted guaranteeing African_Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United_States Due_process of law. *late September - Queen Isabella_II_of_Spain effectively deposed and goes into exile; she will formally abdicate June_25, 1870. * September_23 - Rebels in the town of Lares declare Puerto_Rico independent. Local militia defeats them a week later. * October_28 - Thomas_Edison applied for his first patent, the electric vote recorder. * November - Ulysses_S._Grant defeats Horatio_Seymour in the U.S. presidential election. * November_2 - New_Zealand officially adopts nationally observed Standard_time, and was perhaps the first country to do so. *December_25 - US President Andrew_Johnson grants unconditional pardon to all Civil War rebels. * November_27 - Indian_Wars: Battle_of_Washita_River - In the early morning, United_States_Army Lieutenant Colonel George_Armstrong_Custer leads an attack on a band of peaceful Cheyenne living on reservation land with Chief_Black_Kettle, killing 103 Cheyenne (later regarded as the first substantial US victory in the war). * Thomas_Henry_Huxley discovers what he thinks is a primordial matter and names it ''bathybius haecklii'' (he admits his mistake in 1871) * German Ophthalmologist August_Rothmund defines Rothmund-Thompson's_syndrome. *First edition of the World_Almanac published. *Académie_Julian - a major art school in Paris,_France that admitted women. ==Births== * January_9 - S.P.L._Sørensen, Danish chemist (d. 1939) * January_31 - Theodore_William_Richards, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928) * February_10 - William_Allen_White, American journalist (d. 1944) * February_23 - W.E.B._DuBois, American civil rights leader (d. 1963) * March_22 - Robert_Millikan, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953) * March_25 - William_Lockwood, English cricketer (d. 1932) * March_28 - Maxim_Gorky, Russian author (d. 1936) * April_10 - George_Arliss, English actor (d. 1946) * May_6 - Nicholas_II_of_Russia (d. 1918) * May_6 - Gaston_Leroux, French writer (d. 1927) * May_29 - Abdul_Mejid_II, last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1944) * June_7 - Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh, Scottish architect (d. 1928) *June_14 - Karl_Landsteiner, Austrian biologist and physician, recipient of the Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine (d. 1943) * June_18 - Georges_Lacombe, French artist (d. 1916) * July_12 - Stefan_George, German poet (d. 1933) * July_14 - Gertrude_Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (d. 1926) * August_26 - Charles Stewart, Premier_of_Alberta (d. 1946) * September_1 - Henri_Bourassa, Canadian politician and publisher (d. 1952). * October_18 - Ernst_Didring, Swedish writer (d. 1931) * November_8 - Felix_Hausdorff, German mathematician (d. 1942) * November_9 - Marie_Dressler, Canadian actress (d. 1934) * November_24 - Scott_Joplin, American musician and composer (d. 1917) * December_9 - Fritz_Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1934) ==Deaths== * February_11 - Léon Foucault, French astronomer (b. 1819) * February_29 - King Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria (b. 1786) * March_4 - Jesse_Chisholm, American pioneer (b. 1805) * March_28 - James_Thomas_Brudenell,_7th_Earl_of_Cardigan, British military leader (b. 1797) * April - Isami_Kondo, Japanese fighter (b. 1834) * April_3 - Franz_Berwald, Swedish composer (b. 1796) * April_7 - Thomas_D'Arcy_McGee, Irish-Canadian journalist, politician and Canadian father of confederation (assassinated) (b. 1825) *May_7 - Henry_Peter_Brougham, Lord_High_Chancellor_of_Great_Britain (b. 1778) * May_23 - Kit_Carson, American trapper, scout, and Indian agent (b. 1809) * June_1 - James_Buchanan, 15th President_of_the_United_States (b. 1791) * June_22 - Heber_C._Kimball, Mormon church leader (b. 1801) *September_26 - August_Ferdinand_Möbius, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1790) *October_17 - Laura_Secord, Canadian patriot (b. 1775) * November_13 - Gioacchino_Rossini, Italian composer (b. 1792) * November_15 - James_Mayer_Rothschild, German-born banker (b. 1792) * December_6 - August_Schleicher, German linguist (b. 1821) * Charles_Thomas_Longley, Archbishop_of_Canterbury (b. 1794) * August_Ferdinand_Möbius, German mathematician and theoretical astronomer (b. 1790) Category:1868 Af:1868 Ar:1868 Ast:1868 Bg:1868 Be:1868 Bs:1868 Ca:1868 Cv:1868 Cs:1868 Cy:1868 Da:1868 De:1868 Et:1868 El:1868 Es:1868 Eo:1868 Eu:1868 Fr:1868 Fy:1868 Ga:1868 Gl:1868 Ko:1868년 Hr:1868 Io:1868 Id:1868 Ia:1868 Is:1868 It:1868 He:1868 Ka:1868 Csb:1868 La:1868 Lt:1868 Lb:1868 Hu:1868 Mk:1868 Ms:1868 Nl:1868 No:1868 Nn:1868 Os:1868 Pl:1868 Pt:1868 Ro:1868 Ru:1868 Sq:1868 Scn:1868 Simple:1868 Sk:1868 Sl:1868 Sr:1868 Fi:1868 Sv:1868 Tt:1868 Th:พ.ศ._2411 Tr:1868 Uk:1868 Wa:1868 Zh:1868年