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|date = August 2010}} |
|date = August 2010}} |
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==Demographics== |
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[[File:Gardenrestaurantchristmaseve.JPG|right|thumb|230px|The locally famous Garden Restaurant opposite to the Clock Tower on |
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Christmas Eve]]{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{GR|India}}</ref> Secunderabad had a population of 204,182. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Secunderabad has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 68%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Most of the Nobel Muslim societies Resides in and around Secunderabad, and are the main property owners in the commercial area of Secunderabad. Christians have traditionally been an influential community in the city because many of the city's prestigious schools and other educational institutions are run by Christian societies. The city has a sizable population of [[Anglo-Indian]]s, although many of them have emigrated to other countries in the [[Anglosphere]] over the last few decades. Other notable communities include [[Parsis]], [[Marwari]]s, [[Gujarati people|Gujarati]]s, [[Mudaliar]]s etc. |
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==Culture== |
==Culture== |
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[[Image:ST MARYS.JPG|thumb|200px|right|St. Mary's Church, decorated on Christmas Eve in preparation for [[Midnight Mass]]]] |
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Secunderabad was historically a liberal city compared to Hyderabad due the presence of the English. Plaza Cinema was the only theatre in India where viewers could sip beer while watching a movie. Due to the presence of various communities such as [[Parsis]], [[Anglo-Indians]] alongside British & native inhabitants, Secunderabad was historically a cosmopolitan city.<ref name="Bridging two cultures"/> Sangeet was a popular cinema theatre that screened only western movies. Secunderabad has various popular restaurants and western style shopping centres, the most popular ones being in James Street, Kingsway etc. [[Secunderabad Club]] was established in 1878 at a country house gifted by [[Salar Jung I]]. The city is beautifully decorated during the Christmas season. [[Anglo-Indian]] [[Ball (dance)|Balls]] form a distinctive part of Christmas celebrations in the city. An annual festival known as the [[Bonalu]] Jatara is celebrated by the [[Telangana]] Hindus of the region. It is usually held during the Ashada jathara which is at the start of the monsoon season in the region. The culture of Secunderabad is therefore distinctly different from that of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]'s Indo-Islamic culture. |
Secunderabad was historically a liberal city compared to Hyderabad due the presence of the English. Plaza Cinema was the only theatre in India where viewers could sip beer while watching a movie. Due to the presence of various communities such as [[Parsis]], [[Anglo-Indians]] alongside British & native inhabitants, Secunderabad was historically a cosmopolitan city.<ref name="Bridging two cultures"/> Sangeet was a popular cinema theatre that screened only western movies. Secunderabad has various popular restaurants and western style shopping centres, the most popular ones being in James Street, Kingsway etc. [[Secunderabad Club]] was established in 1878 at a country house gifted by [[Salar Jung I]]. The city is beautifully decorated during the Christmas season. [[Anglo-Indian]] [[Ball (dance)|Balls]] form a distinctive part of Christmas celebrations in the city. An annual festival known as the [[Bonalu]] Jatara is celebrated by the [[Telangana]] Hindus of the region. It is usually held during the Ashada jathara which is at the start of the monsoon season in the region. The culture of Secunderabad is therefore distinctly different from that of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]'s Indo-Islamic culture. |
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Although Secunderabad has relatively fewer buildings of architectural value than its twin [[Hyderabad]], it has a greater variety owing to the city's history of being a meeting point of Eastern and Western cultures and styles. Most of the significant architectural structures in Secunderabad are of religious character. A few secular structures of architectural value exist which include the Clock Tower, James Street Police Station, etc. However the most prominent buildings are its numerous churches and temples. |
Although Secunderabad has relatively fewer buildings of architectural value than its twin [[Hyderabad]], it has a greater variety owing to the city's history of being a meeting point of Eastern and Western cultures and styles. Most of the significant architectural structures in Secunderabad are of religious character. A few secular structures of architectural value exist which include the Clock Tower, James Street Police Station, etc. However the most prominent buildings are its numerous churches and temples. |
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===Churches=== |
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[[File:St johnssecunderabad.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[St. John the Baptist Church]], Secunderabad circa 1890]]Secunderabad has many churches, most of which were built in the early nineteenth century by the British. Almost all of these churches conform to the [[Gothic Revival]] style of architecture which was particularly popular during the [[Victorian]] era. Built in 1813, [[St. John's Church Secunderabad|St. John the Baptist Church]] is not only the oldest church in the city but also the only exception from the popular [[Gothic Revival]] style. Formerly built as the cathedral of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hyderabad]], [[St. Mary's Church, Secunderabad|St. Mary's Church]] was completed in 1847. It is arguably the most popular church in the city. Another old colonial church that has received the INTACH award from the government of [[Andhra Pradesh]] is the All Saints Church, Trimulgherry. All Saints’ Church was constructed in 1860. It was the first permanent structure of the Trimulgherry entrenchment. Most of these churches have established schools, providing education. Some famous churches in the city include: |
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*[[St. John's Church Secunderabad|St. John the Baptist Church]] |
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*[[St. Mary's Church, Secunderabad]]<ref>[http://www.st-marys-church-secbad.com St Mary's]</ref> |
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*Wesley Church, Clock Tower |
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*All Saints Church, Trimulgherry |
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*[[Holy Trinity Church, Bollarum]] |
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*Centenary Baptist Church, Secunderabad |
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*St. Thomas S.P.G. Church, Secunderabad |
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*St. Andrew's Syrian Orthodox Church, West Marredpally |
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[[Image:Mahkli.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The entrance to the Mahankali Temple]] |
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===Temples=== |
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The city has several temples which include the famous Sri Ujjaini Mahankali temple. |
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Other notable temples in the area include: |
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* Sri Ganesh Temple, Gopalpuram - Secunderabad Station |
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* Sri Hanuman Temple, Tadbund |
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* Sree Ayyappa Devasthanam, Bolarum |
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* ISKCON Temple, Near Sangeet Theatre |
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* Sri Subramanya Swamy Temple, Padmarao Nagar |
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* Sri Venkateshwara Temple, Near Passport Office |
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==Commercial areas== |
==Commercial areas== |
Revision as of 05:23, 3 April 2011
Template:Infobox Indian jurisdiction
Secunderabad or Sikandarabad Telugu: సికింద్రాబాద, romanized: ్), (Urdu: سکندرآباد) popularly known as the twin city of Hyderabad is located in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh just north of Hyderabad. Named after Sikandar Jah, the third Nizam of the Asaf Jahi dynastySecunderabad was founded in the early 18th century as a British cantonment. Though they are called twin cities, the cities have both different histories and cultures, with Secunderabad having developed directly under British rule until 1948 and Hyderabad as the capital of the Nizams' princely state.[1] Although geographically separated from Hyderabad by the Hussain Sagar, Secunderabad is no longer a separate municipal unit and has become part of Hyderabad. Both cities are collectively known just as Hyderabad outside the state and together they form the fifth largest metropolis in India. Being one of the largest cantonments in India, Secunderabad has a large army and air force presence.[2][3]
(History
Secunderabad was founded as a British cantonment after the Treaty of Subsidiary Alliance was signed by the Nizams and the British East India Company in 1798.[4] Named after Sikandar Jah, the third Nizam of the Asaf Jahi dynasty, Secunderabad until recently had its own municipality and city government. Secunderabad was the area in Hyderabad which was under the control of the British. Secunderabad was formed in 1806, after an order was signed by the Nizam alloting the land north of Hussain Sagar to setup the British Cantonment.[5] The twin cities are separated by the man-made Hussain Sagar lake, which was built during the reign of the Qutb Shahi dynasty in the 16th century. Unlike Hyderabad, the official language of Secunderabad was English.[6]
Secunderabad was exempted from customs duty on imported good thus making trade very profitable. Various new markets such as Regimental Bazaar and General Bazaar were created. After the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the construction of a seven metre high wall was started at Trimulgherry and completed in 1867.[6] Secunderabad Railway Station one of the largest in India which is also the zonal headquarters of South Central Railway was established in 1874. The King Edward Memorial Hospital, now known as Gandhi Hospital was established in 1851. Civil Jail now known as Old Jail complex near Monda Market is a heritage building.[7]
Sir Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II, was posted in Secunderabad during the 1880s as a subaltern in the British Army.[8] Sir Ronald Ross conducted his initial research on the cause of malaria in the city of Secunderabad.[9] The original building is today called the Sir Ronald Ross Institute and is located on Minister Road. Secunderabad Municipality was formed in 1945 and in 1950 this was upgraded to Secunderabad Corporation along with Hyderabad Corporation. In 1964 both these corporations were merged to form a single Municipal Corporation.[10] In 1964 the famous Shenoy Nursing Home was inaugurated and still runs today. It was one of the first private hospitals to be opened in the cities, and this gave further impetus for other private hospitals in the city[citation needed]. Today Secunderabad is part of the Hyderabad district. Secunderabad celebrated two hundred years of its formation in 2006.
Parts of Secunderabad are under the jurisdiction of the Secunderabad Cantonment Board due to the large presence of military units. Adjoining Hyderabad is the mostly civilian portion of Secunderabad which is commercially active and centrally located. The popular neighbourhoods in Secunderabad are Paradise Circle, Trimulgherry, Marredpally, Sitaphalmandi, Kharkhana, Ranigunj, etc. Begumpet Airport is close to Secunderabad and served both the cities until early 2008.
Geography
Secunderabad is located at 17°27′N 78°30′E / 17.45°N 78.5°E.[11] north of Hyderabad. Situated on the Deccan Plateau, Secunderabad has an average elevation of 543 metres (1781 ft). Most of the area has a rocky terrain and some areas are hilly. Secunderabad is connected to Hyderabad by Rastrapathi Road (formerly known as King's Way) and MG Road (commonly known as James' Street) via Tank Bund.
Climate
Secunderabad has a tropical wet and dry climate that borders on a semi-arid climate, with hot summers from late February to early June, the monsoon season from late June to early October and a pleasant winter from late October to early February. In the evenings and mornings, the climate is relatively cooler. Most of rains are concentrated in the monsoon months.
Climate data for Secunderabad India(1951-1980) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.6 (83.5) |
31.8 (89.2) |
35.2 (95.4) |
37.6 (99.7) |
38.8 (101.8) |
34.4 (93.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
30.4 (86.7) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.0 (78.8) |
23.9 (75.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
16.4 (61.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.2 (0.13) |
5.2 (0.20) |
12.0 (0.47) |
21.0 (0.83) |
37.3 (1.47) |
96.1 (3.78) |
163.9 (6.45) |
171.1 (6.74) |
185.5 (7.30) |
90.9 (3.58) |
16.2 (0.64) |
6.1 (0.24) |
812.5 (31.99) |
Source: [12] |
Culture
Secunderabad was historically a liberal city compared to Hyderabad due the presence of the English. Plaza Cinema was the only theatre in India where viewers could sip beer while watching a movie. Due to the presence of various communities such as Parsis, Anglo-Indians alongside British & native inhabitants, Secunderabad was historically a cosmopolitan city.[6] Sangeet was a popular cinema theatre that screened only western movies. Secunderabad has various popular restaurants and western style shopping centres, the most popular ones being in James Street, Kingsway etc. Secunderabad Club was established in 1878 at a country house gifted by Salar Jung I. The city is beautifully decorated during the Christmas season. Anglo-Indian Balls form a distinctive part of Christmas celebrations in the city. An annual festival known as the Bonalu Jatara is celebrated by the Telangana Hindus of the region. It is usually held during the Ashada jathara which is at the start of the monsoon season in the region. The culture of Secunderabad is therefore distinctly different from that of Hyderabad's Indo-Islamic culture.
Architecture
Although Secunderabad has relatively fewer buildings of architectural value than its twin Hyderabad, it has a greater variety owing to the city's history of being a meeting point of Eastern and Western cultures and styles. Most of the significant architectural structures in Secunderabad are of religious character. A few secular structures of architectural value exist which include the Clock Tower, James Street Police Station, etc. However the most prominent buildings are its numerous churches and temples.
Commercial areas
- King's Way - Now called Rastrapathi Road, is a major commercial road in heart of the city. Various businesses, hotels, malls are located here. A variety of sports shops are also located here.
- Park lane - This is a famous lane known for fashion textiles, ready-made stores, etc. CTC (Chenoy Trade Centre), which is the largest computer bazaar in the twin cities is located here. Sales, rentals and repair of computer peripherals are done here. Other businesses are also located here.
- James' Street - Now called MG Road, Secunderabad is another major commercial road in the city and is one of the busiest, holding a variety of businesses. General Bazaar is located nearby. This place also has MMTS rail connectivity to various parts of the city.
- Patny - is a commercial hub where big commercial establishments like Kalaniketan, R.S. Bros, CMR, Chennai Shopping Centre, etc. are present here. Regional Post office is also located here.
- Paradise Circle - is a major junction connecting suburbs of Secunderabad. This junction has the famous Percy's Paradise Restaurant.
- Swapnalok complex - Formerly known as Minerva Complex is a major commercial complex situated in the heart of city. This complex houses a variety of businesses such as shopping stores, small IT companies, and other businesses.
- Trimulgherry - is in the cantonment proper, now a well developed suburb of the city.
- Karkhana, Secunderabad, - is a major hub for both commercial and residential activity
Sports and recreation
- Gymkhana Ground - This is a large ground which is under the control of the Union Defence Ministry. A significant portion of the ground is leased to the Hyderabad Cricket Association by the Cantonment Board. Other portions are occasionally let out for various occasions such as exhibitions, trade fairs, musical concerts, etc. The grounds are also a favourite for all kinds of sports especially inter-school/college and inter-city tournaments. There is a small, but, neatly laid out cricket ground which regularly hosts first class cricket matches.
- Parade Ground - This ground is also under the control of the Union Defence Ministry and serves as the designated venue for all official events and ceremonies like Independence Day and Republic Day parade and celebrations. The Cantonment Board lets out this ground also for civilian purposes like political party rallies, meetings, cultural events, etc. The Gymkhana Ground lies adjacent to this ground.
- Polo Ground - Abutting the Parade Ground and again under the control of the Union Defence Ministry is the Polo Ground which is used for military and NCC training purposes. Polo matches and annual polo tournaments are held in this ground.
- Bollarum Golf Course - This is the oldest and largest golf course in the entire twin cities and is located at Bollarum. This is the only 18-hole golf course in Hyderabad and Secunderabad. This is owned and maintained by the Indian Army and is not open to general public. For entry, one has to be either a serving or retired Defence personnel or affiliated with the Secunderbad Club or RSI Club.
- Railway Golf Course - This is also a well-known golf course in the city, located at Tarnaka. Spread over a vast area, attracts various golfers from various parts of state and the country.
- Shamirpet Lake - It is situated about 24 km to the north of Secunderabad. Shamirpet lake attracts a lot of birds, hence it's a destination for bird watchers too. There is also a deer park belonging to the state government near the lake. The best time to visit this lake is during October to March. The proposed Outer Ring Road will pass close to the lake.
- Shenoy Grounds-It is situated opposite the Shenoy Nursing Home.It attracts a lot of patrons especially on the weekends when there are up to 3 or even 4 cricket matches going on simultaneously testifying to its prominent position in the sporting culture of Secunderabad.During Diwali this is also the main market for cheap cracker fireworks.The main ground has been around since the 50's and this is also where the famous cricketer jaisimha used to come to practise.A lot of sports functions/parades are held here because of its central location.
Transport
The city is the Head-Quarters of South Central Railway Zone of the Indian Railways. It is served by one of the oldest and largest Railway Station in the twin cities popularly known as the Secunderabad Railway Station. It is well connected to other cities of the State as well as the country. Thousands of people from both the cities travel everyday from this station, because of its convenient location.
The Railway station has been renovated to provide convenient facilities to passengers like toll booths for cars, increased parking space, additional ticketing counters and giving it a better overall look as well. Private Taxis are also provided for commuters. MMTS local services are also available via this station. Secunderabad is also a major railway junction in the Wadi-Vijayawada railway route.
Secunderabad is also one of the major hub for the City Bus transport run by the AP State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) and is well connected to all the corners of both Hyderabad and Secunderabad. Major bus stations are the Jubilee Bus Station and Rathfile Bus station handling thousands of commuters everyday.
The city has good road connectivity to all places within it as well as with its neighbouring twin, Hyderabad. Tank Bund road is a historical and an important road which connects the two cities. It is situated on the banks of the lake Hussain sagar. Every day thousands of people criss-cross the twin cities, and as such there is no difference between the two cities. Both of them are treated equally as one big city!
The city is also well connected by air to other cities of the state as well as to other major cities of the country and abroad, through the Begumpet Airport which is very close to the city centre. The airport being close to the city was convenient for citizens and tourists alike until March 2008 when a new airport was opened in Shamshabad on the outskirts of Hyderabad which is known as the Hyderabad International Airport.
Educational institutions
Due to prolonged presence of British, Secunderabad has various convent schools established by Chrisitian Missionaries such as Saint Ann's High School, Saint Patrick's High School, Secunderabad, Saint Andrew's High School etc. However, the popular universities are located in Hyderabad. Post independence various schools and colleges have been established in Secunderabad. Some of these are Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Army School etc. Keyes High School, Islamia High School are other schools which have been in existence for almost a century. St. Francis College, PG College of Science, Kasturba Gandhi College for Women etc. are some of popular colleges located in Secunderabad.
Various research institutes such as National Institute of Nutrition, Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology etc. are located at Tarnaka close to Secunderabad.
Economy
ITC and Satyam Computers are some of the major private companies which have their office in Secunderabad. Secunderabad is a major centre for railways. It is the headquarters of South Central Railway. Various industrial estates such as at Bolarum, Moula-Ali, Nacharam, Uppal etc. are located in secunderabad. Secunderabad houses a large number of defence units at Secunderabad Cantonment.Various units of DAE such as AMD, NFC, ECIL etc. are also located close to Secunderabad.[13]
Neighbourhoods
- Alwal
- Balanagar
- Bandimet
- Begumpet
- Bolarum
- Bolarum Bazar
- Bowenpally
- Chilkalguda
- Defence Colony
- Karkhana
- Kavadiguda
- Kompally
- Lakshmi Nagar Colony, Secunderabad
- Lalbazar
- Lalapet
- Lallaguda
- Lothkunta
- Malkajgiri
- Mahatma Gandhi Road, Secunderabad
- Marredpally
- Neredmet
- Deen Dayal Nagar
- Padmarao Nagar
- Paradise
- Rani Gunj
- General Bazar
- Monda Market
- RKPuram
- Risala Bazar
- Safilguda
- Sainikpuri
- Sikh Village
- Sitaphalmandi
- Boudha Nagar
- Manikeswari Nagar
- Tarnaka
- Uppal
- Trimulgherry
- Kummarguda
- Kamala Nagar
- Ferozguda, Adj. to Old Airport Rd.
- Shivaji Nagar
- Pan bazar
- Old Bhoiguda
- Kalasiguda
- Warasiguda
- Mylargadda
- Parsigutta
- Namalagundu
References
- ^ Hyderabad-Secunderabad India - History -hyderabad-secunderabad.com
- ^ Indiastudychannel.com
- ^ SCB.aponline.gov.in
- ^ "Hyderabad History". GHMC. Retrieved 2010-07-30. [dead link]
- ^ "News" (PDF). India e News. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
- ^ a b c "Bridging two cultures". Narendra Luther. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
- ^ "64th Meeting Minutes,". : Hyderabad Urban Development Authority. 2006-05-27. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
- ^ Globalsecurity.org
- ^ "The Hindu dt. 13th May 2010". Te Hindu. Retrieved 2010-08-01.
- ^ GHMC.gov.in
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Secunderabad
- ^ "Hyderabad". Retrieved 30 May 2010.
- ^ Andhrapradeshstate.in
- Hyderabad-india.net, Hyderabad info
- hyderabad.org.uk, history of Secunderabad