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== Early life == |
== Early life == |
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Sellers was born on November 26, 1808, in [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania.{{sfn|Cope|Ashmead|1904|p=198}} His birthplace was near the [[Philadelphia Mint]] in |
Sellers was born on November 26, 1808, in [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania to Coleman Sellers and [[Sophonisba Angusciola Peale|Sophonisba Angusciola (Peale) Sellers]].{{sfn|Cope|Ashmead|1904|p=198}}{{sfn|McGraw-Hill|1899|p=256}} His birthplace was near the [[Philadelphia Mint]] in the neighborhood of Mulberry Court. He had one elder brother Charles (b. 1806), two younger brothers Harvey (b. 1813) and [[Coleman Sellers II]] (b. 1827), and two younger sisters Elizabeth (b. 1810) and Anna (b. 1824). His father and many ancestors had been engineers; his maternal grandfather was [[Charles Willson Peale]]. His paternal grandfather Nathan Sellers was known for artwork of [[wire paper molds]].{{sfn|McGraw-Hill|1899|p=256}} He was educated at public schools and also studied for five years with Anthony Bolmar at the West Chester Academy in [[West Chester, Pennsylvania]].{{sfn|Cope|Ashmead|1904|p=198}}{{sfn|McGraw-Hill|1899|p=256}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://robertson.ss.emory.edu/antjr/cfr8-505.htm |title=Anthony Bolmar 1797-1861 |publisher=[[Emory University]] |accessdate=March 25, 2017}}</ref> |
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== Midlife and career == |
== Midlife and career == |
Revision as of 06:31, 24 November 2020
George Escol Sellers (November 26, 1808 – January 1, 1899) was an American businessman, mechanical engineer, and inventor. He is associated with designing railroad locomotives and related equipment. He was the target of a confusing name appropriation by author Mark Twain.
Early life
Sellers was born on November 26, 1808, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Coleman Sellers and Sophonisba Angusciola (Peale) Sellers.[1][2] His birthplace was near the Philadelphia Mint in the neighborhood of Mulberry Court. He had one elder brother Charles (b. 1806), two younger brothers Harvey (b. 1813) and Coleman Sellers II (b. 1827), and two younger sisters Elizabeth (b. 1810) and Anna (b. 1824). His father and many ancestors had been engineers; his maternal grandfather was Charles Willson Peale. His paternal grandfather Nathan Sellers was known for artwork of wire paper molds.[2] He was educated at public schools and also studied for five years with Anthony Bolmar at the West Chester Academy in West Chester, Pennsylvania.[1][2][3]
Midlife and career
Sellers first obtained employment of his father's and grandfather's firm, Nathan & David Sellers, upon completing his private school education in Philadelphia. The business made machinery for producing wire and paper. The company was the first to use forged frames to build locomotives.[2] They also did work for the United States Mint.[2] Sellers' elder brother Charles was employed there too. It was this work that furnished inspiration for his many engineering writings. When Nathan Sellers died in 1830, the business was reorganized. Coleman Sellers and his two sons then ran the business. As a consequence of the Depression of 1837 the company then became insolvent and closed.[1][2]
Sellers then moved to Cincinnati with his brother Charles and established a factory for making lead pipe from hot fluid lead. He patented his invention of the machinery that was capable of doing this. This business was eventually sold out and merged into a company that was a major producer of lead pipe in the United States. Sellers then partnered with Josiah Lawrence, a Cincinnati businessman, and organized a wire manufacturing company called Globe Rolling Mills. Here he introduced machinery of his own design that was more efficient in producing lead pipe and wire. Eventually he sold his interest in the company by 1850. In 1851 he undertook the manufacture of railroad locomotives for the Panama Railway. He invented a railroad engine for climbing mountains of heavy inclined planes. Sellers was engaged in the manufacture and sale of railroad equipment for several years in the 1850s. Sellers became interested in mining operations in southern Illinois in the 1860s. He spent the remainder of his career pursuing mechanical engineering and design.[1][2]
Inventions and patents
He was an able engineer and mechanic and took out many patents relating to improvements in railroad locomotives, particularly the type he built for the Panama Railway. He also patented various art inventions, in which he was involved with from time to time.[1] He invented a hill climbing railroad locomotive that was defined as an engine boiler with gearing for working heavy grades, patented as US7498A granted July 9, 1850.[1][2][4]
Sellers invented a process for making paper from vegetable fiber.[5] He designed machinery for the manufacture of pipes continuously from molten lead and was given patent number US1908 A on December 17, 1840, for the machinery.[1][2][6]
Hobbies
Sellers had a deep interest in archaeology. He wrote several articles relating to the relics of the mound builders of Illinois. One published by Smithsonian Institution was on the aborigines' method of making earthenware salt pans. He also wrote detailed articles on how the local American Indians made the arrowheads and stone age tools.[1][2] He had a substantial collection of pottery and implements of the prehistoric tribes of the Ohio valley.[1][2] He personally became so skilled at making arrowheads that some specimens of his craft were on display at the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C.[7]
Later life and death
Sellers took up residence to Chattanooga, Tennessee, upon retirement. He lived on Mission Ridge. He particularly indulged his taste for arts and the society of artists all his life.[1][2] Sellers died at his home in Chattanooga when he was 90 years old on January 1, 1899.[8]
Societies
Sellers had recognized artistic talent. Artist Thomas Sully urged him at an early age to become a portraitist, and offered to teach him. Sellers' grandfather was Charles Wilson Peale and his uncle was Rembrandt Peale. It was Sellers's opinion that Raphaelle Peale was considered to be the most talented of Charles's artist children.[9] With others he organized one of the earliest social organizations of artists in Philadelphia. However, his natural inclination of mechanical interest ruled his vocational life.[2]
Legacy
Mark Twain in his novel The Gilded Age has a fictional character – a satirical exploitative capitalist rascal without redeeming social value – called Colonel Mulberry Sellers. [10] The first edition of that book actually used the name "Eschol Sellers."[11] The names were further transmutated when the work became a play. The use of "Eschol" was a carefully considered decision, with apocryphal descriptions of its antecedents.[7] This is explained further at the beginning of Twain's later novel The American Claimant as being Sellers of Philadelphia, who sued to have his name removed from the novel. While the next editions of Twain's novel removed the name "Eschol" name, he ultimately put in the name "Mulberry Sellers." Mulberry just happens to be the name of the neighborhood in Philadelphia where Sellers was born and raised.[12] In fact, this unwanted connection continued to be repeated, even unto Sellers's obituaries.[7][8][13][14]
Published works
- Improvements in Locomotive Engines (1849) as complete Google Book.
- Early Engineering Reminiscences (1815–40) Download book in a 'PDF'.
See also
References
Notes
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cope & Ashmead 1904, p. 198.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m McGraw-Hill 1899, p. 256.
- ^ "Anthony Bolmar 1797-1861". Emory University. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
- ^ "Boiler and gearing of locomotive-engines for working heavy grades". Retrieved March 25, 2017 – via Google Patents.
- ^ "Improvement in preparing vegetable fiber for paper-stock US 41101 A". January 5, 1864. Retrieved March 25, 2017 – via Google Patents.
- ^ "Machinery for making pipes continuously from lead US 1908A". Retrieved March 25, 2017 – via Google Patents.
- ^ a b c Schmidt, Barbara. "Special Feature: "We will Confiscate His Name": The Unfortunate Case of George Escol Sellers". twainquotes.com. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
- ^ a b "Death of George E. Sellers". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. January 2, 1899 – via newspapers.com .
- ^ Cikovsky, Nicolai, Jr.; Bantel, Linda; Wilmderding, John. Raphaelle Peale Still Lifes (PDF). New York: National Gallery of Art, Washington; Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia; Distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc. pp. 115–116. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Personal and Political". Humboldt Republican. Humboldt, Iowa. January 12, 1899 – via newspapers.com .
- ^ "Col. Mulberry Sellers". Independence Daily Reporter. Independence, Kansas. September 3, 1890 – via newspapers.com .
- ^ Twain 1898, p. 1.
- ^ "Death of an Old Engineer: George Sellers Dies at His Home on Mission Ridge". The Atlanta Constitution. January 2, 1899. p. 3.
- ^ Wiltse, Henry M. (September 8, 1901). "The Original Col. Mulberry Sellers". The Atlanta Constitution. p. A1.
Bibliography
- Cope, Gilbert; Ashmead, Henry Graham (1904). Genealogical and Personal Memoirs. Vol. 1. Higginson Book Company.
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(help) - McGraw-Hill (March 30, 1899). George Escol Sellers. McGraw-Hill.
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(help) - Twain, Mark (1898). The American Claimant. Harper & Brothers.
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