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The Awan historiographers<ref>Tarikh-ul-Awan (History of Awan), Malik Sher Muhammad,Lahore,</ref>{{full|date=August 2014}}<ref>History of Awan, by Muhammad Sarwar Khan Awan, 2009 by the Al- Faisal Nashran, Lahore.</ref> say that the Awans are descended from one [[Qutb Shah]], who originally resided in [[Herat#Local dynasties|Herat]], served in the army of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]], and was a [[Hashemite]] descendant of the Prophet [[Muhammad]]'s cousin and son-in-law, Hazrat Ali.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} |
The Awan historiographers<ref>Tarikh-ul-Awan (History of Awan), Malik Sher Muhammad,Lahore,</ref>{{full|date=August 2014}}<ref>History of Awan, by Muhammad Sarwar Khan Awan, 2009 by the Al- Faisal Nashran, Lahore.</ref> say that the Awans are descended from one [[Qutb Shah]], who originally resided in [[Herat#Local dynasties|Herat]], served in the army of [[Mahmud of Ghazni]], and was a [[Hashemite]] descendant of the Prophet [[Muhammad]]'s cousin and son-in-law, Hazrat Ali.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} |
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It is asserted that Qutb Shah and |
It is asserted that Qutb Shah and twelve of his sons accompanied and assisted Mahmud in his early eleventh century conquests of what today forms parts of [[Afghanistan]], Pakistan and [[Northern India]]. It is claimed that in recognition of their services and valour, Mahmud bestowed upon Qutb Shah Awan and his sons (who, according to tribal traditions, settled primarily in the [[Salt Range]]) the title of ''Awan'', meaning "helper".{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} |
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Tribal history holds that Qutb Shah and his sons married local women who converted to [[Islam]] from [[Hinduism]]. Qutb Shah’s sons are said to have settled in different regions of the Punjab and to a lesser extent, what now constitutes parts of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa; Gauhar Shah or Gorrara, settled near [[Sakesar]], Kalan Shah or Kalgan, settled in [[Kalabagh]], |
Tribal history holds that Qutb Shah and his sons married local women who converted to [[Islam]] from [[Hinduism]]. Qutb Shah’s sons are said to have settled in different regions of the Punjab and to a lesser extent, what now constitutes parts of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa; Gauhar Shah or Gorrara, settled near [[Sakesar]], Kalan Shah or Kalgan, settled in [[Kalabagh]], Bahadar Ali Shah colonized the hills close to the [[Indus]], Muhammad Zaman Ali Shah or [[Khokhar]], settled by the [[Chenab]], and a few settled in [[Tirah]] the descendants of a few are also known as Syeds of Tirah.{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} Their descendants not only came to heavily populate these regions, but a number of Awan sub-clans that trace their origins to these twelve individuals, give their names to various localities such as Golera in [[Rawalpindi]],Malpur in [[Islamabad]], Khewra in [[Jhelum]], Bajara in [[Sialkot]], Jand in [[Attock]], and Dhudial in [[Chakwal]].{{citation needed|date=August 2014}} |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[Ain-i-Akbari]], the detailed document recording the administration of [[Mughal Empire]] under [[Akbar]], refers to the Awans as a tribe conquered |
[[Ain-i-Akbari]], the detailed document recording the administration of [[Mughal Empire]] under [[Akbar]], refers to the Awans as a tribe who conquered the Afghans of ghazni.<ref>http://tribune.com.pk/story/444417/is-the-pakistan-army-martial/</ref> |
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[[File:Letterzafarhussain.jpg|right|thumb|400px|A certificate issued in 1905 by the [[Deputy Commissioner (India)|Deputy Commissioner]] of [[Shahpur, Pakistan|Shahpur]], C.H. Atkins, to [[Qazi Zafar Hussain|Khan Sahib Qazi Zafar Hussain]], the youngest son of Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad. This document also demonstrates the influence wielded by the Awan tribe in the Punjab, during the era of the British Raj.]] |
[[File:Letterzafarhussain.jpg|right|thumb|400px|A certificate issued in 1905 by the [[Deputy Commissioner (India)|Deputy Commissioner]] of [[Shahpur, Pakistan|Shahpur]], C.H. Atkins, to [[Qazi Zafar Hussain|Khan Sahib Qazi Zafar Hussain]], the youngest son of Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad. This document also demonstrates the influence wielded by the Awan tribe in the Punjab, during the era of the British Raj.]] |
Revision as of 01:12, 10 February 2015
Regions with significant populations | |
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Pakistan | |
Languages | |
Punjabi, Hindko,[1] Pashto, Urdu | |
Religion | |
Islam |
Awan (Urdu: اعوان), is a prominent tribe living predominantly in northern, central, and western parts of Pakistani Punjab, with significant numbers also residing in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Azad Kashmir and to a lesser extent in Sindh and Balochistan .
Origins
The Awan historiographers[2][full citation needed][3] say that the Awans are descended from one Qutb Shah, who originally resided in Herat, served in the army of Mahmud of Ghazni, and was a Hashemite descendant of the Prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Hazrat Ali.[citation needed]
It is asserted that Qutb Shah and twelve of his sons accompanied and assisted Mahmud in his early eleventh century conquests of what today forms parts of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Northern India. It is claimed that in recognition of their services and valour, Mahmud bestowed upon Qutb Shah Awan and his sons (who, according to tribal traditions, settled primarily in the Salt Range) the title of Awan, meaning "helper".[citation needed]
Tribal history holds that Qutb Shah and his sons married local women who converted to Islam from Hinduism. Qutb Shah’s sons are said to have settled in different regions of the Punjab and to a lesser extent, what now constitutes parts of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa; Gauhar Shah or Gorrara, settled near Sakesar, Kalan Shah or Kalgan, settled in Kalabagh, Bahadar Ali Shah colonized the hills close to the Indus, Muhammad Zaman Ali Shah or Khokhar, settled by the Chenab, and a few settled in Tirah the descendants of a few are also known as Syeds of Tirah.[citation needed] Their descendants not only came to heavily populate these regions, but a number of Awan sub-clans that trace their origins to these twelve individuals, give their names to various localities such as Golera in Rawalpindi,Malpur in Islamabad, Khewra in Jhelum, Bajara in Sialkot, Jand in Attock, and Dhudial in Chakwal.[citation needed]
History
Ain-i-Akbari, the detailed document recording the administration of Mughal Empire under Akbar, refers to the Awans as a tribe who conquered the Afghans of ghazni.[4]
People of the Awan community have a strong presence in the Pakistani Army[5] and have a strong martial tradition.[6] Christophe Jaffrelot says:
The Awan deserve close attention, because of their historical importance and, above all, because they settled in the west, right up to the edge of Baluchi and Pashtun territory. [Tribal] Legend has it that their origins go back to Imam Ali and his second wife, Hanafiya. Historians describe them as valiant warriors and farmers who imposed their supremacy on the Janjuas in part of the Salt Range, and established large colonies all along the Indus to Sind, and a densely populated centre not far from Lahore.[7]
On a rural level, Awans historically were of the zamindar or landowning class,[8] and many Awan families to this day live on and cultivate land, which their ancestors have held for centuries. They often carry titles typical to Punjabis[9] who own tracts of ancestral land such as Malik, Chaudhry Jorhy, Khan and Kalera some where in Punjab and Khan. The modern surname system often results in members of the same family with different surnames, some choosing their position as a surname i.e. Malik or Chaudhry, and some choosing their tribal name of Awan. In general Awan is considered as a prestigious cast of South Asia.[citation needed]
Though the origins of the Awans may be a matter of some debate, it has long been recognised that the composition of the tribe is wholly Muslim. The most extensive study of the tribe was conducted during the era of the British Raj, and as a result of census data collated during this period, the Awan tribe was invariably classified as being entirely Muslim.[citation needed]
Notable people
- Air Marshal Nur Khan (Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Air Force, 1965–69, Governor of West Pakistan, 1969–70, and recipient of the Hilal-i-Jurat, Pakistan’s second highest military award. A close relative of Malik Amir Mohammad Khan)[10][need quotation to verify]
- Malik Amir Mohammad Khan, of Kalabagh, Governor of West Pakistan, (1960–66)[11][need quotation to verify]
- Malik Meraj Khalid (Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan, Speaker of the National Assembly, Chief Minister of Punjab, Federal Minister for Food and Agriculture, and Rector of the International Islamic University Islamabad)[12][need quotation to verify]
- Major General Ameer Faisal Alavi (First General Officer Commanding of the elite Special Service Group of the Pakistan Army)[13]
- Lieutenant General Abdul Qayyum (Former chairman of Pakistan Ordnance Factories, and former chairman of Pakistan Steel Mills. Recipient of the Hilal-i-Imtiaz, Pakistan’s second highest civilian award, and the highest medal award that can be given to those who have attained the rank of Lieutenant General)[citation needed]
- Sultan Bahu (Sufi poet-saint. Founded the Sarwari Qadiri Sufi order)[14][need quotation to verify]
- Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad (eminent legal scholar of the Qur'an, Hadith, and the Hanafi school of Islamic law)[15][need quotation to verify]
- Qazi Mazhar Qayyum (Raees-Azam Naushera. Eldest son of Qazi Mian Muhammad Amjad. Renowned Hakeem, who wielded considerable political influence in the Punjab, prior to and following creation of Pakistan)[15][need quotation to verify]
Photo gallery
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Malik Amir Mohammad Khan of Kalabagh, Governor of West Pakistan, 1960–66Malik Amir Mohammad Khan of Kalabagh, Governor of West Pakistan, 1960–66
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Air Marshal Nur Khan, Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Air Force, 1965–69, Governor of West Pakistan, 1969–70
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The shrine of Sultan Bahu
See also
References
- ^ "Dilip Kumar was born into a Hindko-speaking Awan family at Mohallah Khudadad sited at the back of the Qissa Khwani Bazaar." http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-7-216155-Peshawars-contribution-to-subcontinents-cinema-highlighted
- ^ Tarikh-ul-Awan (History of Awan), Malik Sher Muhammad,Lahore,
- ^ History of Awan, by Muhammad Sarwar Khan Awan, 2009 by the Al- Faisal Nashran, Lahore.
- ^ http://tribune.com.pk/story/444417/is-the-pakistan-army-martial/
- ^ Jones, P.E., 2003, The Pakistan People's Party: Rise To Power, Oxford University Press, p.61.
- ^ Ali, I., 2003, The Punjab under Imperialism, 1885-1947, Oxford University Press, p.114.
- ^ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2004). A History of Pakistan and Its Origins (Reprinted ed.). Anthem Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-84331-149-2.
- ^ Ahmed, S., 1977, Class and Power in a Punjabi Village, Monthly Review Press, p.p. 131-132.
- ^ Ahsan, A., 1996, The Indus Saga and the Making of Pakistan, Oxford University Press, p.88.
- ^ Khan,R., 1999, The American Papers: Secret and Confidential India-Pakistan-Bangladesh Documents, 1965–1973, Oxford University Press, p.265.
- ^ Feldman, H., 1972, From Crisis to Crisis: Pakistan 1962-1969, Oxford University Press, p.57.
- ^ "City: Awan community grieved over Malik's demise. - PPI - Pakistan Press International | HighBeam Research - FREE trial". Highbeam.com. 13 June 2003. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
- ^ "My soldier brother who died for honour, by Nobel laureate V.S. Naipaul's wife". Daily Mail. London. 31 January 2009.
- ^ Puri, J.R. & Khak, K.S., 1998, Sultan Bahu, Radha Soami Satsang Beas, p.6.
- ^ a b Sarwar, S., 2002, Wadi Soon Sakesar: The Soon Valley, Al-Faisal Nashran, p.35, p.149, p.152, p.163, p.177.
External links
- Tareekh e Alvi Awan by Mohabbat Husain Awan.
- [1], Tareekh Bab-Ul-Awan (A History of the Awan Tribe), Muhammad Noor-ud-Din Sulemani
- [2], Awan: A research article on the origin and history of the Awan tribe, Malik Sultan Mahmood
- [3], Zia-e-Soon: A journal of Government College Naushera, dedicated to the history of the Awan tribe