Surgical treatment added |
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===Surgery=== |
===Surgery=== |
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*Spinal fusion with [[facetectomy]] |
*Spinal fusion with [[facetectomy]] |
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*Possible role for [[disc replacement]] |
*Possible role for [[Artificial_disc_replacement|disc replacement]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
Revision as of 21:03, 16 October 2011
Facet syndrome | |
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Specialty | Rheumatology ![]() |
Facet syndrome is a condition in which the Zygapophysial joint (synovial diarthroses, from C1 to S1) in the back of the spine degenerate and subsequently cause pain.[1] Facet syndrome occurs in cervical vertebrates in 55% of cases, whereas in lumbar ones - in 31%.[1]
The facet joints are found at every level on both sides of the lumbar spine.[2] They provide about 20 percent of the twisting stability in the low back. Each facet joint is positioned at each level of the spine to provide the needed support especially with rotation.[3]
Facet joints also prevent each vertebra from slipping over the one below. A small capsule surrounds each facet joint providing a nourishing lubricant for the joint.[4]
Also, each joint has a rich supply of tiny nerve fibers that provide a painful stimulus when the joint is injured or irritated. Inflamed facets can cause a powerful muscle spasm.[5]
Associated Conditions [1]
- Traumatic and degenerative changes
- Internal disc degeneration
- Spondylolisthesis
- Osteoarthritis
- Inflammatory arthritides
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Diagnosis
Facet Syndrome is a common cause of low back pain. It is a low back pain syndrome attributed to osteoarthritis of the interarticular vertebrae; Clinical Low back pain that increases on extension, radiates to the posterior thigh, and ends at the knee; x-ray and CT imaging reveal narrowing of disk space, osteophyte formation.
Differential Diagnosis [1]
- Internal disc degeneration
- Myofascial pain syndrome
- Fibromyalgia
- Inflammatory and/or autoimmune arthritides
Treatment
Treatments may include NSAIDs, intraarticular injections with anesthetics, low back fusion with osteodegeneration, and endurance training.
Surgery
- Spinal fusion with facetectomy
- Possible role for disc replacement
References
- ^ a b c d David M. Sibell (17th October, 2011). "Cervical and Lumbar Facet Arthropathy".
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Steven C. Ludwig, M.D., Chief of Spine Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center January 4, 2008
- ^ Steven C. Ludwig, M.D., Chief of Spine Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center January 4, 2008
- ^ Steven C. Ludwig, M.D., Chief of Spine Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center January 4, 2008
- ^ Steven C. Ludwig, M.D., Chief of Spine Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center January 4, 2008