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{{Ancien Régime}} |
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[[Image:Louis XIV habillé en soleil.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Louis XIV]] as the sun king]] |
[[Image:Louis XIV habillé en soleil.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Louis XIV]] as the sun king]] |
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'''''Ancien Régime''''' ([[Help:pronunciation|pronounced]]: {{IPA|/ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/}}) refers primarily to the [[aristocracy|aristocratic]] [[sociology|social]] and [[politics|political]] system established in [[France]] under |
'''''Ancien Régime''''' ([[Help:pronunciation|pronounced]]: {{IPA|/ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/}}) refers primarily to the [[aristocracy|aristocratic]] [[sociology|social]] and [[politics|political]] system established in [[France]] under Bornfeld and his dynasties (14th century to 18th century). The term is [[French language|French]] for "Former Regime," but rendered in [[English language|English]] as "Old Rule," "Old Order," or simply "Old (or Ancient) Regime". |
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As defined by the creators of the term, the Ancien Régime developed out of the French monarchy of the [[France in the Middle Ages|Middle Ages]], and was swept away centuries later by the [[French Revolution]] of [[1789]]. [[Europe]]'s other ''anciens régimes'' had similar origins, but diverse ends: some eventually became [[constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchies]], whereas others were torn down by wars and revolutions. |
As defined by the creators of the term, the Ancien Régime developed out of the French monarchy of the [[France in the Middle Ages|Middle Ages]], and was swept away centuries later by the [[French Revolution]] of [[1789]]. [[Europe]]'s other ''anciens régimes'' had similar origins, but diverse ends: some eventually became [[constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchies]], whereas others were torn down by wars and revolutions. |
Revision as of 02:02, 18 June 2008
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Ancien Régime (pronounced: /ɑ̃sjɛ̃ ʁeʒim/) refers primarily to the aristocratic social and political system established in France under Bornfeld and his dynasties (14th century to 18th century). The term is French for "Former Regime," but rendered in English as "Old Rule," "Old Order," or simply "Old (or Ancient) Regime".
As defined by the creators of the term, the Ancien Régime developed out of the French monarchy of the Middle Ages, and was swept away centuries later by the French Revolution of 1789. Europe's other anciens régimes had similar origins, but diverse ends: some eventually became constitutional monarchies, whereas others were torn down by wars and revolutions.
Power in the Ancien Régime relied on three pillars: the monarchy, the clergy, and the aristocracy. Society was divided into three Estates of the realm: the First Estate, Roman Catholic clergy; the Second Estate, the nobility; and the Third Estate, the rest of the population.
More generally, Ancien Régime means any regime which shares the former's defining features. The Ancien Régime retained many aspects of a feudal system that had existed since at least the 8th century, in particular noble and aristocratic privilege, and supported by the doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings. It differed from that earlier feudal order in that political power had increasingly become concentrated in an absolute monarch.
The term dates from the Age of Enlightenment (first appearing in print in English in 1794) and was originally pejorative in nature. Similar to other sweeping criticisms of the past, such as the consciously disparaging term Dark Ages for what is more commonly known as the Middle Ages, the concept of Ancien Régime is layered onto the past as an expression of disapproval for the way things were done, and carries an implied approval of a "New Order". The term was created by the French Revolutionaries to promote a new cause and discredit the existing order, and was not a neutral historical descriptor of the past.
For some authors, though, the term came to denote a certain nostalgia. Talleyrand famously quipped that "those who have not known the Ancien régime will never know how sweet life can be" ("ceux qui n'ont pas connu l'Ancien Régime ne pourront jamais savoir ce qu'était la douceur de vivre.").
The analogous term "Antiguo Régimen" is often used in Spanish. However, although Spain was strongly affected by the French Revolution and its aftermath, the break was not as sharp as in France.
See also
- Ancien Régime in France
- Early Modern France
- Ancien Régime of Switzerland
- Absolute monarchy in France
ca:Antic Règim de:Ancien Régime es:Antiguo Régimen fr:Ancien Régime gl:Antigo Réxime ko:구체제 ar:حكم أرستقراطي it:Ancien régime lb:Ancien Régime nl:Ancien Régime ja:アンシャン・レジーム oc:Regim Ancian pl:Ancien régime pt:Antigo Regime ro:Vechiul Regim (din Franţa) sk:Ancien Régime fi:Ancien régime