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'''Totalitarian architecture''' refers to the [[architectural style]] approved by and often preferred by dictatorships and governments of [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian regimes]], intended to strengthen and spread their [[ideology]].<ref name=":2" /> The style of totalitarian architecture shows a preference for "classical [[Symbolism (arts)|symbolism]] and monumentality",<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Ward|first=Tony|date=1970-09-01|title=Totalitarianism, Architecture and Conscience|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1970.11102464|journal=Journal of Architectural Education|volume=24|issue=4|pages=35–49|doi=10.1080/10464883.1970.11102464|issn=1046-4883}}</ref> drawing on simplified [[Neo-Classicism]] and (in sculpture), [[Realism (arts)|realism]]<ref name=":3">[https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803105035790 Totalitarian architecture] by ''A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture'', James Stevens Curl, [[Oxford Reference]]</ref>. |
'''Totalitarian architecture''' refers to the [[architectural style]] approved by and often preferred by dictatorships and governments of [[Totalitarianism|totalitarian regimes]], intended to strengthen and spread their [[ideology]].<ref name=":2" /> The style of totalitarian architecture shows a preference for "classical [[Symbolism (arts)|symbolism]] and monumentality",<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Ward|first=Tony|date=1970-09-01|title=Totalitarianism, Architecture and Conscience|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1970.11102464|journal=Journal of Architectural Education|volume=24|issue=4|pages=35–49|doi=10.1080/10464883.1970.11102464|issn=1046-4883}}</ref> drawing on simplified [[Neo-Classicism]] and (in sculpture), [[Realism (arts)|realism]]<ref name=":3">[https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803105035790 Totalitarian architecture] by ''A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture'', James Stevens Curl, [[Oxford Reference]]</ref>. |
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Common examples include [[Stalinist architecture]], [[Fascist architecture]] and [[Nazi architecture]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10464883.1970.11102464?journalCode=rjae20 Totalitarianism, Architecture and Conscience] by Tony Ward, ''Journal of Architectural Education''</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Totalitarian_Art_in_the_Soviet_Union_the/XyHqAAAAMAAJ Totalitarian Art in the Soviet Union, the Third Reich, Fascist Italy and the People's Republic of China] by [[Igor Golomstock]]</ref><ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/cultural-routes/atrium-architecture-of-totalitarian-regimes-of-the-20th-century ATRIUM - Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes of the 20th Century In Europe's Urban Memory] by the [[Council of Europe]] |
Common examples include [[Stalinist architecture]], [[Fascist architecture]] and [[Nazi architecture]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10464883.1970.11102464?journalCode=rjae20 Totalitarianism, Architecture and Conscience] by Tony Ward, ''Journal of Architectural Education''</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Totalitarian_Art_in_the_Soviet_Union_the/XyHqAAAAMAAJ Totalitarian Art in the Soviet Union, the Third Reich, Fascist Italy and the People's Republic of China] by [[Igor Golomstock]]</ref><ref>[https://www.coe.int/en/web/cultural-routes/atrium-architecture-of-totalitarian-regimes-of-the-20th-century ATRIUM - Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes of the 20th Century In Europe's Urban Memory] by the [[Council of Europe]]</ref> While many examples of totalitarian architecture are European, particularly from the eras of [[Soviet Union]] and [[Nazi Germany]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ракочий|first=Я. В.|date=2010|title=Передумови стилістики тоталітаризму в творах львівської архітектурної школи початку ХХ ст.|url=http://ena.lp.edu.ua:8080/handle/ntb/18560|journal=Bulletin of the National University "Lviv Polytechnic". Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка"|language=ua|volume=674|pages=184–187|quote=Study and research of this topic is an important link in understanding of the evolution of totalitarian architecture as part of European cultural process, and its professional origin.}}</ref> it has also been discussed in the context of other parts of the worlds, such as [[architecture of North Korea]] or the architecture of Communist China.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Prokopljević|first=Jelena|date=2019-09-30|title=Hapkak and Curtain Wall: Imaginaries of Tradition and Technology in the Three Kims’ North Korean Modern Architecture|url=https://doi.org/10.17783/IHU.2019.5.2.59|journal=S/N Korean Humanities|volume=5|issue=2|pages=59–86|doi=10.17783/ihu.2019.5.2.59|issn=2384-0668|quote=The socialist architecture developed in North Korea has generally been explained through two discursive frameworks: that of totalitarian architecture and that of national formalism, outdated and out-scaled}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> |
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The intended aim of totalitarian architecture has been described as strengthening and spreading its [[ideology]], and they are an element of the state [[propaganda]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Antoszczyszyn|first=Marek|date=2017|title=Manipulations of Totalitarian Nazi Architecture|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052062|journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering|volume=245|pages=052062|doi=10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052062|issn=1757-8981|quote=Totalitarian architecture. Generally it might be defined as architecture created in frames of totalitarian State activity & under its strict control, due to its thorough character of the policy in order to strengthen & spread its ideology.}}</ref><ref name="Monteiro2017">{{cite book|author=Ua Caspary|editor=Stephen Monteiro|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5NsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|title=The Screen Media Reader: Culture, Theory, Practice|date=12 January 2017|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-5013-1167-3|page=143|chapter=Digital Media as Ornament in Contemporary Architectural Facades: Its Historical Dimension|quote=Totalitarian architecture, for instance, utilised specific propagandistic and symbolically loaded icons for its purposes"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Antoszczyszyn|first=M.|date=2016|title=Manipulations of architecture of power; German New Reichschancellery in Berlin 1938 - 1939 by Albert Speer|url=http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-033583ae-eaf2-43f9-be8c-46ea5431c8ec|journal=Technical Issues|language=EN|volume=nr 3|issn=2392-3954|quote=Totalitarian architecture was supposed to achieve political benefits thanks to some perceptional codes, consciously hidden in it.}}</ref> According to its critics, these architectures are generally united by using the [[megalomania]] to portray a sense of power, majesty and virility.<ref name=":0">Dennis P. Doordan. Twentieth-century architecture. H.N. Abrams, 2002. p. 122.</ref> The style has been criticized for "congenital unwholesomeness" and its "desire to dominate", hiding "feelings of inferiority" and projecting a "massive [[Id, ego and super-ego#Ego|ego]]" of totalitarian leaders.<ref name=":1" /> |
The intended aim of totalitarian architecture has been described as strengthening and spreading its [[ideology]], and they are an element of the state [[propaganda]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Antoszczyszyn|first=Marek|date=2017|title=Manipulations of Totalitarian Nazi Architecture|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052062|journal=IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering|volume=245|pages=052062|doi=10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052062|issn=1757-8981|quote=Totalitarian architecture. Generally it might be defined as architecture created in frames of totalitarian State activity & under its strict control, due to its thorough character of the policy in order to strengthen & spread its ideology.}}</ref><ref name="Monteiro2017">{{cite book|author=Ua Caspary|editor=Stephen Monteiro|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v5NsDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|title=The Screen Media Reader: Culture, Theory, Practice|date=12 January 2017|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-5013-1167-3|page=143|chapter=Digital Media as Ornament in Contemporary Architectural Facades: Its Historical Dimension|quote=Totalitarian architecture, for instance, utilised specific propagandistic and symbolically loaded icons for its purposes"}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Antoszczyszyn|first=M.|date=2016|title=Manipulations of architecture of power; German New Reichschancellery in Berlin 1938 - 1939 by Albert Speer|url=http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-033583ae-eaf2-43f9-be8c-46ea5431c8ec|journal=Technical Issues|language=EN|volume=nr 3|issn=2392-3954|quote=Totalitarian architecture was supposed to achieve political benefits thanks to some perceptional codes, consciously hidden in it.}}</ref> According to its critics, these architectures are generally united by using the [[megalomania]] to portray a sense of power, majesty and virility.<ref name=":0">Dennis P. Doordan. Twentieth-century architecture. H.N. Abrams, 2002. p. 122.</ref> The style has been criticized for "congenital unwholesomeness" and its "desire to dominate", hiding "feelings of inferiority" and projecting a "massive [[Id, ego and super-ego#Ego|ego]]" of totalitarian leaders.<ref name=":1" /> |
Revision as of 06:08, 15 July 2021
Totalitarian architecture refers to the architectural style approved by and often preferred by dictatorships and governments of totalitarian regimes, intended to strengthen and spread their ideology.[1] The style of totalitarian architecture shows a preference for "classical symbolism and monumentality",[2] drawing on simplified Neo-Classicism and (in sculpture), realism[3].
Common examples include Stalinist architecture, Fascist architecture and Nazi architecture.[1][4][5][6] While many examples of totalitarian architecture are European, particularly from the eras of Soviet Union and Nazi Germany,[7] it has also been discussed in the context of other parts of the worlds, such as architecture of North Korea or the architecture of Communist China.[8][3]
The intended aim of totalitarian architecture has been described as strengthening and spreading its ideology, and they are an element of the state propaganda.[1][9][10] According to its critics, these architectures are generally united by using the megalomania to portray a sense of power, majesty and virility.[11] The style has been criticized for "congenital unwholesomeness" and its "desire to dominate", hiding "feelings of inferiority" and projecting a "massive ego" of totalitarian leaders.[2]
References
- ^ a b c Antoszczyszyn, Marek (2017). "Manipulations of Totalitarian Nazi Architecture". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 245: 052062. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052062. ISSN 1757-8981.
Totalitarian architecture. Generally it might be defined as architecture created in frames of totalitarian State activity & under its strict control, due to its thorough character of the policy in order to strengthen & spread its ideology.
- ^ a b Ward, Tony (1970-09-01). "Totalitarianism, Architecture and Conscience". Journal of Architectural Education. 24 (4): 35–49. doi:10.1080/10464883.1970.11102464. ISSN 1046-4883.
- ^ a b Totalitarian architecture by A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, James Stevens Curl, Oxford Reference
- ^ Totalitarianism, Architecture and Conscience by Tony Ward, Journal of Architectural Education
- ^ Totalitarian Art in the Soviet Union, the Third Reich, Fascist Italy and the People's Republic of China by Igor Golomstock
- ^ ATRIUM - Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes of the 20th Century In Europe's Urban Memory by the Council of Europe
- ^ Ракочий, Я. В. (2010). "Передумови стилістики тоталітаризму в творах львівської архітектурної школи початку ХХ ст". Bulletin of the National University "Lviv Polytechnic". Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка" (in ua). 674: 184–187.
Study and research of this topic is an important link in understanding of the evolution of totalitarian architecture as part of European cultural process, and its professional origin.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Prokopljević, Jelena (2019-09-30). "Hapkak and Curtain Wall: Imaginaries of Tradition and Technology in the Three Kims' North Korean Modern Architecture". S/N Korean Humanities. 5 (2): 59–86. doi:10.17783/ihu.2019.5.2.59. ISSN 2384-0668.
The socialist architecture developed in North Korea has generally been explained through two discursive frameworks: that of totalitarian architecture and that of national formalism, outdated and out-scaled
- ^ Ua Caspary (12 January 2017). "Digital Media as Ornament in Contemporary Architectural Facades: Its Historical Dimension". In Stephen Monteiro (ed.). The Screen Media Reader: Culture, Theory, Practice. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-5013-1167-3.
Totalitarian architecture, for instance, utilised specific propagandistic and symbolically loaded icons for its purposes"
- ^ Antoszczyszyn, M. (2016). "Manipulations of architecture of power; German New Reichschancellery in Berlin 1938 - 1939 by Albert Speer". Technical Issues. nr 3. ISSN 2392-3954.
Totalitarian architecture was supposed to achieve political benefits thanks to some perceptional codes, consciously hidden in it.
{{cite journal}}
:|volume=
has extra text (help) - ^ Dennis P. Doordan. Twentieth-century architecture. H.N. Abrams, 2002. p. 122.
External links
- ATRIUM - Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes of the 20th Century In Europe's Urban Memory by the Council of Europe