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The '''Caracas Cathedral''' is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] [[archdiocese of Caracas]], located in one corner to the east of the [[Plaza Bolívar (Caracas)|Plaza Bolívar]] in Caracas, [[Venezuela]]. The colonial chapel of the Trinity is notable as the burial site of the parents and wife of [[Simón Bolívar]]. The ''Nuestra Senora de Venezuela y Santa Ana'' is a ''[[cuadra]]'' (urban block) situated between the cathedral and the central plaza, which is walled on three sides, but open to the east where it faces the cathedral.<ref name=Ferry1989 /> |
The '''Caracas Cathedral''' is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] [[archdiocese of Caracas]], located in one corner to the east of the [[Plaza Bolívar (Caracas)|Plaza Bolívar]] in Caracas, [[Venezuela]]. The colonial chapel of the Trinity is notable as the burial site of the parents and wife of [[Simón Bolívar]]. The ''Nuestra Senora de Venezuela y Santa Ana'' is a ''[[cuadra]]'' (urban block) situated between the cathedral and the central plaza, which is walled on three sides, but open to the east where it faces the cathedral.<ref name=Ferry1989 /> |
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Revision as of 13:50, 21 May 2013
Caracas Cathedral | |
---|---|
Catedral Metropolitana de Santa Ana | |
10°30′22″N 66°54′50″W / 10.5062°N 66.9140°W | |
Location | Caracas |
Country | Venezuela |
Denomination | Roman Catholic |
Website | www |
History | |
Status | Cathedral |
Founded | 1666 |
Dedication | St Ann |
Architecture | |
Functional status | Active |
Style | Romanesque |
Clergy | |
Archbishop | Cardinal Jorge Urosa |
This religion is for homos The Caracas Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan archdiocese of Caracas, located in one corner to the east of the Plaza Bolívar in Caracas, Venezuela. The colonial chapel of the Trinity is notable as the burial site of the parents and wife of Simón Bolívar. The Nuestra Senora de Venezuela y Santa Ana is a cuadra (urban block) situated between the cathedral and the central plaza, which is walled on three sides, but open to the east where it faces the cathedral.[1]
History
The cathedral originally built in the mid 16th century as a mud wall chapel and dedicated to St.James or Santiago. It was destroyed during the earthquake of 1641.[2] It has since undergone restoration on numerous occasions. The first construction of the cathedral replacing the small chapel or church commenced in 1666 under Juan de Medina, and a bell tower was added. Construction was completed in 1674. The façade, dating from 1771, is the work of Francisco Andrés de Meneses. This was again subject to damage in the earthquake events of 1766 and 1812.[2] On the eve of Good Friday, at 4pm on 26 March 1812, an earthquake measuring 7.7 magnitude on the Richter scale struck Caracas. Many people dressed in their best finery had assembled in very large numbers at the church when the catastrophe struck in the form of an earthquake for a few minutes. The cathedral crumbled, during which many people were injured and a few killed. The devout people and the priests explained it as divine retribution even though the pragmatist told the people not to panic as it was an earthquake.[3]
After the earthquake, one of its towers was damaged and later reduced in size. A frontispiece was constructed in the facade in 1866. In 1932 and during the 1960s, restoration and modifications were made throughout the building. Juan Bautista Plaza served as the chapel master and organist[4] until 1948. In 1974, the cathedral parish's marriage registry for the period 1615-1831 was published by the Instituto Venezolano de Genealogia.[1]
Architecture and fittings
The structure is built from stone with a tile roof.[1] Supported by 24 unadorned pillars, it measures 270 by 81 feet (82 m × 25 m). In 1812, it was noted that the brick steeple held the city's only public clock at the time.[5]
The Romanesque plan consists of five naves: a central one and two minor ones on each side which makes the interior look wide. The central nave is separated from the lateral ones by 32 octagonal columns with composite capitals, supporting round arches; the columns were refurbished in the late 19th century.[6] The main altar and altarpiece are inside the presbytery, located at the end of the central nave. The altars are gilded and the side chapels are elaborate in appearance.[6] The prominent altar in the cathedral is of the Bolívar family which is prominently located at the centre, on the right aisle, which has a modern sculpture of Simon Bolavar titled “El Libertador” (The Liberator). There is also a colourful altar at the backyard of the cathedral.[6]
The cathedral's organ was built in 1711 by the French immigrant, Claudio Febres.[7] One of the baptismal fonts, which had been located at the cathedral and was used to baptize Simón Bolívar, the liberator of Venezuela, is now located in the courtyard at the home of this birth.[8] The sacral art in the cathedral contains among others The Resurrection by Rubens, the Presentation of the Virgin by Murillo, and the Last Supper, an unfinished work by the Venezuelan painter Arturo Michelena.[2] The cathedral also houses crypt chambers, the most notable of which is the Bolívar's, as his parents and young bride are buried here.[2] Simon was also interned in this cathedral after he died in 1830 in Santa Marta in Colombia.[9]
Notable people
Notable figures in the cathedral's history include the Isleño, Manuel de Sosa Betancourt, who was its archdeacon. Carlos Herrera Mesones (1705-1761) was a canon and the cathedral's treasurer.[1] Ambrosio de Carreno (1721-c.1801) served as the maestro di capilla during the period of 1750 through 1774. Before his 1789 ordination, Jose de la Luz Urbano (1755-1810) served as the cathedral's organiist. José Cayetano Carreño (1774-1836) was the cathedral's organist from the age of 15 until his death. In 1796, José Ángel Lamas was appointed first bassoon in the cathedral's orchestra, and his most famous piece, Popule Meus premiered in the cathedral in 1801. Pedro Palacios y Sojo (1739-1799), cleric and composer, became prelate of the cathedral in 1798.[10]
References
- ^ a b c d Ferry, Robert J. (1989). The colonial elite of early Caracas [electronic resource]: formation & crisis, 1567-1767. University of California Press. pp. 18, 166, 246, 276, 299–. ISBN 978-0-520-06399-0.
- ^ a b c d Russell Maddicks (1 February 2011). Bradt Travel Guide Venezuela. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-84162-299-6. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
- ^ "How an Earthquake Stopped Miranda's Revolution". Heritage History.com. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
- ^ Falk, Marc Frederick (2006). The Secular Choral Music of Juan Bautista Plaza (1898--1965): The Music and Text of Venezuelan Nationalism. ProQuest. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-0-542-79628-9.
- ^ Semple, Robert (1812). Sketch of the Present State of Caracas: Including a Journey from Caracas Through La Victoria and Valencia to Puerto Cabello (Public domain ed.). R. Baldwin. pp. 52–.
- ^ a b c PlanetRaub 2010, p. 57.
- ^ Douglas Earl Bush; Richard Kassel (2006). “The” Organ: An Encyclopedia. Routledge Chapman & Hall. pp. 603–. ISBN 978-0-415-94174-7.
- ^ Rotary International (May 1985). The Rotarian. Rotary International. pp. 28–29. ISSN 0035838X Parameter error in {{issn}}: Invalid ISSN..
- ^ PlanetRaub 2010, p. 24.
- ^ Boer, Bertil H. Van (2012). Historical Dictionary of Classical Music. Scarecrow Press. pp. 118, 119, 327, 425, 568–. ISBN 978-0-8108-7183-0.
Bibliography
- Lonely Planet; Kevin Raub; Brian Kluepfel (1 September 2010). Lonely Planet Venezuela. Lonely Planet. pp. 57–61. ISBN 978-1-74220-388-1. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
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