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[[Image:Ho Chi Minh.JPG|right|framed|Ho Chi Minh |
[[Image:Ho Chi Minh.JPG|right|framed|Ho Chi Minh lied to the Vietnamese People about his [[Nationalism]] and the Vietnamese [[Communist]], that lead to Vietnam to become of the Poorest Nations in the World and the Commission of Human Rights Violations.]] |
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'''Ho Chi Minh''' ([[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] "Hồ Chí Minh", [[Chinese language|Chinese]] 胡志明) (originally named '''Nguyễn Sinh Cung''', and known as "Bác Hồ" ('''Uncle Ho''') in Vietnam) ([[May 19]], [[1890]] - [[September 3]], [[1969]]) was a [[Vietnam]]ese [[revolutionary]], [[statesman]], Prime Minister (1954) and President (1954 - 1969) of [[North Vietnam]]. |
'''Ho Chi Minh''' ([[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] "Hồ Chí Minh", [[Chinese language|Chinese]] 胡志明) (originally named '''Nguyễn Sinh Cung''', and known as "Bác Hồ" ('''Uncle Ho''') in Vietnam) ([[May 19]], [[1890]] - [[September 3]], [[1969]]) was a [[Vietnam]]ese [[revolutionary]], [[statesman]], Prime Minister (1954) and President (1954 - 1969) of [[North Vietnam]]. |
Revision as of 20:49, 9 August 2004
Ho Chi Minh (Vietnamese "Hồ Chí Minh", Chinese 胡志明) (originally named Nguyễn Sinh Cung, and known as "Bác Hồ" (Uncle Ho) in Vietnam) (May 19, 1890 - September 3, 1969) was a Vietnamese revolutionary, statesman, Prime Minister (1954) and President (1954 - 1969) of North Vietnam.
He received the name Nguyễn Tất Thành at age 10. Ho embraced Communism while living abroad in England (where he trained as a pastry chef under Escoffier) as well as France from 1915 - 1923. His father was a Confucian scholar, and Ho himself received a strong Confucian upbringing. In France, in 1918, Ho Chi Minh tried to win independence from French colonial rule and was ignored. In 1919, he petitioned the powers at the Versailles peace talks for equal rights in Indochina. He soon helped form the Communist Party and spent much time in Moscow. He later moved to Hong Kong, where he founded the Vietnamese Communist Party.
After adopting the name Ho Chi Minh, or "He Who Enlightens," he returned to Vietnam in 1941 and declared the nation's independence from France. He read a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, replacing the words Great Britain with France, hoping for US support in his efforts; he got none. He led the Viet Minh independence movement in 1941, directed successful military actions against the Japanese occupation forces and later against the French bid to reoccupy the country (1946-1954), and became President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) in 1954 (he had declared himself President on March 2, 1946 but this was not recognised internationally). He signed an agreement with France which recognized Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union on March 6, 1946. Ho was a moderate within the Communist Party, and steadily lost influence to militant radicals. He was a leading force in trying to re-unite North Vietnam with South Vietnam through invasion during the 1960s. Ho led a nearly continuous war against the French and, later, the American backers of South Vietnam until his death.
On August 25th, 1945, the Vietminh Communist movement deposed His Imperial Majesty Bao Dai. Under the pressure and vile power of the Vietminh Communist Vietnamese, His Majesty transferred the legitimate Imperial Government of Vietnam to the Communist Leader Ho Chi Minh. In the official Imperial message of abdication, His Majesty insisted His main point of view:
For the sake of "the Happiness of the People of Vietnam and the Independence of Vietnam", His Imperial Majesty Bao Dai sacrificed everything and his Golden Throne, which was succeeded traditionally and legally from his Imperial Ancestors. His Imperial Majesty Bao Dai believed that he transferred the legitimate Imperial Government of Vietnam to the right people who could bring happiness to the people of Vietnam and Independence to the Nation.
Ho Chi Minh took the Emperor, now called 'Citizen Vinh Thuy' to Hanoi as "Supreme Advisor" to the new government. Bao Dai knew the Communists were only using him for his prestige as the legitimate ruler and he soon escaped to China and went into exile in Hong Kong.
When Ho Chi Minh and his Communist Leaders took over the legitimate Imperial Government from His Imperial Majesty, they declared to the People of Vietnam that they decisively perform their duty as His Majesty expected and rebuild the Country better than before.
In reality, His Imperial Majesty Bao Dai had transferred the legitimate Regime, which belonged to the People of Vietnam, to the wrong people. For over 50 years they seized power and did the contrary. Ho Chi Minh and his Communist groups have ruined the country in every aspect and harmed the people to a horrible destiny: They brought the country into slavery. They are ceding territory and sea to their master-country. They brought only unhappiness, starvation, misery and eternal poverty to the people. Only the groups of Communist Leaders enjoy their luxurious life while the people of Vietnam continue to suffer.
During his presidency, Ho was the center of a large personality cult, which increased in force after his death. In 1975 the city Saigon (Sàigòn) was renamed Ho Chi Minh City, after him.
Ho died on September 2, 1969 at age 79. His embalmed body was put on display in a granite mausoleum modeled on Lenin's tomb in Moscow. This was consistent with other Communist leaders who have been similarly displayed before and since, including Mao Zedong, Kim Il-Sung, and for a time, Josef Stalin, but the "honor" violated Ho's final wishes. He wished to be cremated and his ashes buried in urns on three Vietnamese hilltops. He wrote, "Not only is cremation good from the point of view of hygiene, but it also saves farmland."
External Link
Further Reading
- Bernard B. Fall, ed., 1967. Ho Chi Minh on Revolution and War, Selected Writings 1920-1966. New American Library.
- Francis Fitzgerald. 1972. Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and Americans in Vietnam. Little, Brown and Company.
- William J. Duiker. 2000. Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Theia.
- N. Khac Huyen. 1971. Vision Accomplished? The Enigma of Ho Chi Minh. The Macmillan Company.