→Development: passive -> active voice |
Adamgerber80 (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 76: | Line 76: | ||
Prototypes were test-launched first from a [[Tu-22M3]] bomber in 2012-2013. Launches from a ground platform followed in 2015, with first success achieved in 2016. Completion of state trials on the whole family is projected for 2020. |
Prototypes were test-launched first from a [[Tu-22M3]] bomber in 2012-2013. Launches from a ground platform followed in 2015, with first success achieved in 2016. Completion of state trials on the whole family is projected for 2020. |
||
In April 2017, |
In April 2017, it was reported that the Zircon had reached a speed of {{convert|8|Mach|mph km/h m/s}} during a test.<ref>[http://tass.com/defense/941559 Russia’s hypersonic Zircon anti-ship missile reaches eight times speed of sound] - TASS.com, 15 April 2017</ref> |
||
==Export== |
==Export== |
Revision as of 17:46, 7 December 2017
3M22 Tsirkon Zircon | |
---|---|
Type | Hypersonic missile |
Place of origin | Russia |
Service history | |
In service | In production |
Used by | Russia |
Production history | |
Designer | NPO Mashinostroyeniya |
Produced | 2012–present |
Specifications | |
Engine | Scramjet |
Fuel capacity | 600 miles (970 km) |
Operational range | 1,000 km (540 nmi; 620 mi) |
Maximum speed | Mach 8 (6,100 mph; 9,800 km/h; 2,700 m/s) |
Launch platform | Aircraft, submarines, ships, and ground based SAM systems |
Zircon or 3M22 Tsirkon (Russian: Циркон, NATO reporting name: SS-N-33)[1] is a maneuvering hypersonic missile being developed by the Russian military.[2][3] Its latest successful launch was on June 3, 2017, almost a year earlier than had been announced by Russian officials.[4]
Design
The Zircon is believed to be a maneuvering, winged hypersonic cruise missile with a lift-generating center body. A booster stage with solid-fuel engines accelerates it to supersonic speeds, after which a scramjet motor in the second stage accelerates it to hypersonic speeds.[3][5] The missile represents a further development of the HELA (Hypersonic Experimental Flying Vehicle) developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya[6] that was on display at the MAKS Air Show in 1995.
The Zircon's range is estimated to be 135 to 270 nautical miles (155 to 311 mi; 250 to 500 km) at low level, and up to 400 nmi (460 mi; 740 km) in a semi-ballistic trajectory;[7] average range is around 400–450 km (250–280 mi; 220–240 nmi).[8] According to the state-owned media, the longest range is 540 nmi (620 mi; 1,000 km) and for this purpose a new fuel was created.[9][10][11]
The Zircon can travel at speed of Mach 5 – Mach 6 (3,800–4,600 mph; 6,100–7,400 km/h; 1,700–2,000 m/s). Such high speed have led to concerns that it could penetrate existing naval defense systems; the Royal Navy's Sea Ceptor surface-to-air missile is only capable of intercepting targets flying up to Mach 3.[12][13][14]
The missile will be incorporated into the Kirov-class battlecruiser Admiral Nakhimov in 2018, and the Pyotr Velikiy in 2022. The ships will have their P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles replaced with 3S-14 vertical launch systems capable of holding P-800 Oniks and Kalibr missiles as well as the Zircon; each battlecruiser will be equipped with 72 such missiles.[15] After the upgrade, the battlecruisers can carry 40–80 anti-ship missiles of different types.[16] Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates will have possibility to carry 8 while the Admiral Gorshkov-class frigates 16 Zircon missiles.[17][18] The missile will be also used by undersea and aerial platforms, including the Lider-class destroyer, Husky-class submarine, Yasen-class submarine[17] and Tu-160M2 Blackjack and Tupolev PAK DA strategic bombers.
In flight, the missile is completely covered by the plasma cloud, the cloud absorbs any rays of the radio frequencies and making the missile invisible to radards.[15][18] Missiles exchange information in flight and can be controlled by commands if necessary.[19]
Development
Prototypes were test-launched first from a Tu-22M3 bomber in 2012-2013. Launches from a ground platform followed in 2015, with first success achieved in 2016. Completion of state trials on the whole family is projected for 2020.
In April 2017, it was reported that the Zircon had reached a speed of Mach 8 (6,100 mph; 9,800 km/h; 2,700 m/s) during a test.[20]
Export
A version for export will have range limited to under 300 km in compliance with the MTCR[7] or up to 400 km.[9]
Service
According to the Viktor Bondarev, the Zircon missile is already a part of the arsenal of the Russian Armed Forces.[21][22]
See also
- BrahMos-II
- Kh-90
- Boeing X-51
- Kh-22 up to 1000 km
- skiff (missile) for seabed-based (in service)[23]
References
- ^ CMANO:WOTY DB
- ^ "Russia develops hypersonic 4,600 mph Zircon missile". Fox News. 1 April 2017.
- ^ a b "Эксперт рассказал о суперспособности ракеты "Циркон" преодолеть системы ПРО". РЕН ТВ. 15 April 2017.
- ^ Marsden, Harriet (3 June 2017). "New Russian missile 'makes Western defences obselete'". The Independent. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
- ^ "Российские ракеты «Циркон» делают американский «Джеральд Форд» «авианедоносцем». | Блог Малюта | КОНТ". cont.ws.
- ^ Ivanov, Yuri (17 April 2017). "Гиперзвуковая ракета "Циркон" ослабит позиции США" (in Russian). ОРУЖИЕ РОССИИ. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
- ^ a b Russia and India Test Hypersonic and Supersonic Missiles - Ainonline.com, 25 April 2017
- ^ Dave Majumdar (2016-04-22). "Russia's Lethal Hypersonic Zircon Cruise Missile to Enter Production". nationalinterest.org. The National Interest Blog. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ a b "Для гиперзвуковых крылатых ракет в России создано принципиально новое топливо". vesti.ru. Вести. 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Российские ракеты «Циркон» делают американский «Джеральд Форд» «авианедоносцем». | Блог Малюта | КОНТ". Cont.ws. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Ракеты «Циркон» окончательно определили технологическое превосходство России над США". ruspolitica.ru. Русская политика. 2016-10-28. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ Mizokami, Kyle (2016-04-26). "Russia's Putting Hypersonic Missiles on Its Battlecruisers". Popularmechanics.com. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
- ^ Caroline Mortimer. "Royal Navy's new aircraft carriers cannot stop Russia's new hypersonic Zircon missiles". The Independent. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
- ^ Britain Admits that Russian Missiles Can Blow Its New Aircraft Carriers Out of the Water - Nationalinterest.org, 30 April 2017
- ^ a b Виктория Фоменко (2016-05-17). "Опаснее «Калибра»: Россия начала испытание гиперзвуковой ракеты «Циркон» - Газета Труд". trud.ru. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "Начались испытания гиперзвуковой ракеты "Циркон"". rg.ru. 2016-03-17. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ a b "Российская ракета "Циркон" достигла восьми скоростей звука". rg.ru. 2017-04-15. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ a b п÷п╣я─п╡я▀п╧ п╨п╟п╫п╟п╩ (2017-05-21). "В России успешно провели испытания новой гиперзвуковой ракеты «Циркон», не имеющей аналогов в мире". 1tv.ru. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ "«Циркон» выходит на рабочую скорость". vz.ru. 2017-04-17. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
- ^ Russia’s hypersonic Zircon anti-ship missile reaches eight times speed of sound - TASS.com, 15 April 2017
- ^ https://news.rambler.ru/weapon/38474761-u-vs-rf-est-tsirkon-i-skif/?updated
- ^ http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/4746647
- ^ http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/4746647
Further reading
- Photo of the hypersonic missile in flight
- Hypersonic missile "Zircon" why NATO is afraid of new Russian weapons (Russian)
- Hunting in Russian "Zircon" (Russian)