Content deleted Content added
Chiswick Chap (talk | contribs) |
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
(15 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} |
|||
{{TAFI}} |
|||
{{About|maps of Earth}} |
{{About|maps of Earth}} |
||
{{pp-semi-indef}} |
{{pp-semi-indef}} |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | the map represents state-of-the art knowledge of the time, actively collected from Portuguese sources by the makers of the [[Dieppe maps]] during the 1540s to 1560s. The presentation of ''[[Terra Australis]]'' is conventional, imagined as attaching to the [[Strait of Magellan]]. A possible sighting of Australia prior to 1560 has been discussed in scholarship but is mostly considered unlikely. The interior of Africa was at the time largely unexplored and is filled in with partially fictional geography.</ref>]] |
||
[[File:Winkel triple projection SW.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A world map on the [[Winkel tripel projection]], a low-error map projection<ref>''[http://www.physics.drexel.edu/~goldberg/projections/goldberg_gott.pdf Large-Scale Distortions in Map Projections]'', 2007, David M. Goldberg & [[J. Richard Gott]] III, 2007, V42 N4.</ref> adopted by the [[National Geographic Society]] for reference maps.]] |
[[File:Winkel triple projection SW.jpg|right|300px|thumb|A world map on the [[Winkel tripel projection]], a low-error map projection<ref>''[http://www.physics.drexel.edu/~goldberg/projections/goldberg_gott.pdf Large-Scale Distortions in Map Projections]'', 2007, David M. Goldberg & [[J. Richard Gott]] III, 2007, V42 N4.</ref> adopted by the [[National Geographic Society]] for reference maps.]] |
||
A '''world map''' is a [[map]] of most or all of the surface of [[Earth]]. World maps |
A '''world map''' is a [[map]] of most or all of the surface of [[Earth]]. World maps, because of their scale, must deal with the problem of [[map projection|projection]]. Maps rendered in two dimensions by necessity distort the display of the three-dimensional surface of the earth. While this is true of any map, these distortions reach extremes in a world map. Many techniques have been developed to present world maps which address diverse technical and aesthetic goals.<ref name="ACA1988"> |
||
{{cite book |
{{cite book |
||
| title = Choosing a World Map |
| title = Choosing a World Map |
||
Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
||
Charting a world map requires global knowledge of the earth, its oceans, and its continents. From prehistory through the [[Middle ages]], creating an accurate world map would have been impossible because less than half of Earth's coastlines and only a small fraction of its continental interiors were known to any culture. With exploration that began during the European [[Renaissance]], knowledge of the Earth's surface accumulated rapidly such that most of the world's coastlines had been mapped at least roughly by the mid 1700s and continental interiors by the 20th century. |
|||
Maps of the world generally focus either on political features or on physical features. Political maps emphasize territorial boundaries and human settlement. Physical maps show [[geography|geographic]] features such as |
Maps of the world generally focus either on political features or on physical features. Political maps emphasize territorial boundaries and human settlement. Physical maps show [[geography|geographic]] features such as mountains, soil type or [[land use]]. [[Geological map]]s show not only the surface, but characteristics of the underlying rock, [[Geologic fault|fault]] lines, and subsurface structures. [[Choropleth map]]s use color hue and intensity to contrast differences between regions, such as demographic or economic statistics. |
||
==Map projections== |
==Map projections== |
||
⚫ | |||
{{further|Map projection}} |
{{further|Map projection}} |
||
{{see also|List of map projections}} |
{{see also|List of map projections}} |
||
⚫ | |||
All world maps are based on one of several map projections, or methods of representing a [[globe]] on a plane. All projections distort geographic features, distances, and directions in some way; the various map projections that have been developed provide different ways of balancing accuracy and the unavoidable distortion inherent in making world maps. |
|||
Perhaps the best known projection is the [[Mercator Projection]], originally designed as a [[nautical chart]]. |
|||
<center> |
<center> |
||
<gallery widths="175px"> |
<gallery widths="175px"> |
||
Line 41: | Line 42: | ||
==Thematic maps== |
==Thematic maps== |
||
⚫ | |||
{{Cleanup gallery|date=October 2018}} |
{{Cleanup gallery|date=October 2018}} |
||
⚫ | A [[thematic map]] shows geographic information about one or a few focused subjects. These maps "can portray physical, social, political, cultural, economic, sociological, agricultural, or any other aspects of a city, state, region, nation, or continent".<ref>[http://www.lib.washington.edu/maps/MapResources/thematic2.html Thematic Maps] Map Collection & Cartographic Information Services Unit. University Library, University of Washington. Accessed 27 December 2009.</ref> |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | A [[thematic map]] shows geographic information about one or a few focused subjects. These maps "can portray physical, social, political, cultural, economic, sociological, agricultural, or any other aspects of a city, state, region, nation, or continent".<ref>[http://www.lib.washington.edu/maps/MapResources/thematic2.html Thematic Maps] Map Collection & Cartographic Information Services Unit. University Library, University of Washington. Accessed 27 |
||
<center> |
<center> |
||
<gallery widths="175px" perrow="5"> |
<gallery widths="175px" perrow="5"> |
||
Line 60: | Line 61: | ||
==Historical maps== |
==Historical maps== |
||
⚫ | |||
{{Further|Early world maps}} |
{{Further|Early world maps}} |
||
⚫ | |||
[[Early world maps]] cover depictions of the [[world]] from the [[Iron Age]] to the [[Age of Discovery]] and the emergence of modern [[geography]] during the [[early modern period]]. Old maps provide |
[[Early world maps]] cover depictions of the [[world]] from the [[Iron Age]] to the [[Age of Discovery]] and the emergence of modern [[geography]] during the [[early modern period]]. Old maps provide information about places which were known in past times, as well as the philosophical and cultural basis of the map, which were often much different from modern cartography. Maps are one means by which scientists distribute their ideas and pass them on to future generations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/map/h_map/h_map.htm|title=History of maps and cartography|work=emporia.edu}}</ref> |
||
<center> |
<center> |
||
<gallery widths="175px"> |
<gallery widths="175px"> |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | the map represents state-of-the art knowledge of the time, actively collected from Portuguese sources by the makers of the [[Dieppe maps]] during the 1540s to 1560s. The presentation of ''[[Terra Australis]]'' is conventional, imagined as attaching to the [[Strait of Magellan]]. A possible sighting of Australia prior to 1560 has been discussed in scholarship but is mostly considered unlikely. The interior of Africa was at the time largely unexplored and is filled in with partially fictional geography.</ref>]] |
||
File:Anaximander world map-en.svg|Hypothetical reconstruction of the world map of [[Anaximander]] (610–546 BC) |
File:Anaximander world map-en.svg|Hypothetical reconstruction of the world map of [[Anaximander]] (610–546 BC) |
||
Image:Worldmaphedo.jpg | World map according to [[Posidonius]] (150–130 BC), drawn in 1628. |
Image:Worldmaphedo.jpg | World map according to [[Posidonius]] (150–130 BC), drawn in 1628. |
||
Line 79: | Line 82: | ||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
{{Portal|Geography}} |
* {{Portal inline|Geography}} |
||
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}} |
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}} |
||
⚫ | |||
* Wikipedia's [[Template:Clickable world map|clickable world map]] |
* Wikipedia's [[Template:Clickable world map|clickable world map]] |
||
* [[Global Map]] |
* [[Global Map]] |
||
Line 89: | Line 91: | ||
* [[List of world map changes]] |
* [[List of world map changes]] |
||
* [[Mappa mundi]] |
* [[Mappa mundi]] |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
* [[Rhumbline network]] |
* [[Rhumbline network]] |
||
⚫ | |||
{{Div col end}} |
{{Div col end}} |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Line 102: | Line 104: | ||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{Commons category |
{{Commons category|Maps of the world}} |
||
{{Wikibooks}} |
{{Wikibooks}} |
||
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}} |
|||
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/refmaps.html World maps from the CIA World Factbook] |
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/refmaps.html World maps from the CIA World Factbook] |
||
{{Div col end}} |
|||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
||