Mylarryfranky (talk | contribs) Tag: Visual edit |
|||
(40 intermediate revisions by 26 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Document permitting holder to work}} |
{{Short description|Document permitting holder to work}} |
||
{{About|the visa|the work safety management system|Permit |
{{About|the visa|the work safety management system|Permit-to-work}} |
||
A '''work permit''' or '''work visa''' is the permission to take a [[job]] within a foreign country. The foreign country where someone seeks to obtain a work permit for is also known as the "country of work", as opposed to the "country of origin" where someone holds [[citizenship]] or [[nationality]].<ref>Pauline Melin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jG3DDwAAQBAJ The External Dimension of EU Social Security Coordination: Towards a Common EU Approach]'' (2019), p. 120–121. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004415331.</ref> |
|||
A '''work permit''' or '''work visa''' is the permission to take a [[job]] within a foreign country. |
|||
== European Union == |
== European Union == |
||
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
===Czech Republic=== |
===Czech Republic=== |
||
The issuing of work permit in the Czech Republic is governed by three basic sources: labor code, Act No. 435/2004 Coll. On employment and Act no. 326/1999 Coll. On the residence of foreign nationals. There are various rights and obligations depending on nationality. |
The issuing of work permit in the Czech Republic is governed by three basic sources: labor code, Act No. 435/2004 Coll. On employment and Act no. 326/1999 Coll. On the residence of foreign nationals. There are various rights and obligations depending on nationality.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ppropo.mpsv.cz/zakon_435_2004 | title=Příručka pro personální agendu a odměňování zaměstnanců }}</ref> |
||
===France=== |
===France=== |
||
A foreigner seeking to work in France must obtain work authorization ({{lang|fr|authorisation de travail}}) with a visa, a [[residence permit]] or a special document by the government.<ref>{{cite web |title=Autorisation de travail d'un étranger salarié en France |url=https://www.demarches.interieur.gouv.fr/particuliers/autorisation-travail-etranger-salarie-france |publisher=Direction de l’information légale et administrative}}</ref> |
|||
The procedure to get a work permit is quite elaborate since the applicant should prove that no French jobseeker fitted the position.<ref>{{cite web|first=Alain-Christian |last=Monkam|title=How to get a work permit in France|website= Village de la Justice|year= 2011|url= http://www.village-justice.com/articles/permit-France,11079.html}}</ref>{{POV statement|date=June 2019}} |
|||
==United Kingdom== |
==United Kingdom== |
||
{{main article|Work permit (United Kingdom)}} |
{{main article|Work permit (United Kingdom)}} |
||
There are seven standard ways to apply for a work permit in the United Kingdom: the Business and Commercial Arrangements, the Training and Work Experience Arrangements, the Sports people and Entertainers Arrangements, Student Internships, GATS, Ancestry Visa and the Sectors Based Scheme. All applications require the work permit holder to leave the country where the work permit was issued every three months under the Work Permit Arrangements. Costs for leaving the airport are £64, per person and you must return to the airport after 24 hours or one working day to leave the country. If you remain in the airport the cost is £35 per person and you must leave the country after 24 hours or one working day in the airport.<ref name="Working in the UK - Work Permit Arrangements">{{cite web |url=http://www.workingintheuk.gov.uk/working_in_the_uk/en/homepage/work_permits0/applying_for_a_work.html |title=Working in the UK - Work Permit Arrangements |access-date=2007-03-03 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Each of these involves its own application process, and generally requires a job offer from a UK employer. |
There are seven standard ways to apply for a work permit in the United Kingdom: the Business and Commercial Arrangements, the Training and Work Experience Arrangements, the Sports people and Entertainers Arrangements, Student Internships, GATS, Ancestry Visa and the Sectors Based Scheme. All applications require the work permit holder to leave the country where the work permit was issued every three months under the Work Permit Arrangements. Costs for leaving the airport are £64, per person and you must return to the airport after 24 hours or one working day to leave the country. If you remain in the airport the cost is £35 per person and you must leave the country after 24 hours or one working day in the airport.<ref name="Working in the UK - Work Permit Arrangements">{{cite web |url=http://www.workingintheuk.gov.uk/working_in_the_uk/en/homepage/work_permits0/applying_for_a_work.html |title=Working in the UK - Work Permit Arrangements |access-date=2007-03-03 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Each of these involves its own application process, and generally requires a job offer from a UK employer. |
||
UK Work visas allow for extended visa options which may lead to permanent residence. With Europe at its doorstep and a large domestic market, the various UK work visa categories offer a gateway for thousands of applicants seeking the experience of European life.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.migrationexpert.co.uk/work_visa/|title= UK Work Visa - Visa Service & Advice Online}}</ref> |
|||
The UK work permit system is currently being replaced by a new [[Points-based immigration system (United Kingdom)|points-based immigration system]]. |
The UK work permit system is currently being replaced by a new [[Points-based immigration system (United Kingdom)|points-based immigration system]]. |
||
Line 41: | Line 39: | ||
== Ukraine == |
== Ukraine == |
||
Foreigners and [[Statelessness|stateless]] persons can be employed in [[Ukraine]] after obtaining an appropriate permit. These requirements are established by article 42 of the Law of Ukraine "On Employment". |
Foreigners and [[Statelessness|stateless]] persons can be employed in [[Ukraine]] after obtaining an appropriate permit. These requirements are established by article 42 of the Law of Ukraine "On Employment". State Employment Service of Ukraine is the main authority to issue work permit. |
||
Does not require obtaining a work permit for: |
Does not require obtaining a work permit for: |
||
Line 57: | Line 55: | ||
* foreigners who arrived in Ukraine to conduct teaching and / or scientific activities in higher education institutions; |
* foreigners who arrived in Ukraine to conduct teaching and / or scientific activities in higher education institutions; |
||
* other foreigners in cases provided by laws and international treaties of Ukraine; |
* other foreigners in cases provided by laws and international treaties of Ukraine; |
||
* Foreign Ukrainians, as long as they hold a Foreign Ukrainian ID Booklet. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про закордонних українців |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1582-15 |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України |language=uk}}</ref> |
|||
* Obtaining work permit in Ukraine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.clc.co.ua/work-permit-in-ukraine/|title=Work permit in Ukraine. Legal services and advisory - Law Firm "Capital Law Consulting"}}</ref> is one of the basics to obtain residence permit. |
|||
== United States == |
== United States == |
||
[[File:Getting_working_papers._New_York._-_NARA_-_523068.jpg|thumb|Applying for working papers, 1908 ([[United States Children's Bureau]])]] |
[[File:Getting_working_papers._New_York._-_NARA_-_523068.jpg|thumb|Applying for working papers, 1908 ([[United States Children's Bureau]])]] |
||
In general, the United States does not require work permits for adult [[Citizenship in the United States|citizen]]s. However, certain |
In general, the United States does not require work permits for adult [[Citizenship in the United States|citizen]]s. However, certain people are required to have an [[Employment Authorization Document]] from the [[United States Citizenship and Immigration Services]] (USCIS) of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS). |
||
The [[federal government of the United States]] does not require work permits or proof-of-age certificates for a minor to be employed.<ref name="dol_youth_certs">{{cite web | title= Youth & Labor: Work Permits & Age Certificates | url= http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/youthlabor/workpermitsagecert.htm}}</ref> However, the possession of an age certificate constitutes a good faith effort to comply with minimum age requirements of the [[Fair Labor Standards Act]] of 1938.<ref name="dol_youth_certs"/> The [[United States Department of Labor]] will issue a "certificate of age" if the minor employee's state does not issue them, or if the minor is requested by his or her employer to provide one.<ref name="dol_youth_certs"/><ref>{{USCFR|29|570}}</ref> Several states are not listed in {{USCFR|29|570|9}}(a), such as Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Kansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, and Utah, and thus their certificates may not meet the requirements of {{USCFR|29|570|5}}(b) as being evidence of compliance with the Fair Labor Standards Act. |
The [[federal government of the United States]] does not require work permits or proof-of-age certificates for a minor to be employed.<ref name="dol_youth_certs">{{cite web | title= Youth & Labor: Work Permits & Age Certificates | url= http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/youthlabor/workpermitsagecert.htm}}</ref> However, the possession of an age certificate constitutes a good faith effort to comply with minimum age requirements of the [[Fair Labor Standards Act]] of 1938.<ref name="dol_youth_certs"/> The [[United States Department of Labor]] will issue a "certificate of age" if the minor employee's state does not issue them, or if the minor is requested by his or her employer to provide one.<ref name="dol_youth_certs"/><ref>{{USCFR|29|570}}</ref> Several states are not listed in {{USCFR|29|570|9}}(a), such as Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Kansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, and Utah, and thus their certificates may not meet the requirements of {{USCFR|29|570|5}}(b) as being evidence of compliance with the Fair Labor Standards Act. |
||
Line 69: | Line 67: | ||
== Turkey == |
== Turkey == |
||
The immigration in Turkey is regulated by the {{ill|General Directorate of Immigration Management|tr|Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goc.gov.tr/main/Eng_3|title=Ministry Of Interior Directorate General Of Migration Management|website=www.goc.gov.tr}}</ref> (Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü) under the supervision of the [[Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)|Ministry of Interior]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mia.gov.tr/|title=Ministry of Interior - Republic of Turkey|website=www.mia.gov.tr}}</ref> while work permits are delivered by the {{ill|General Directorate of Labor Immigration|tr|Uluslararası İşgücü Genel Müdürlüğü}} (Uluslararası İşgücü Genel Müdürlüğü) under the supervision of the [[Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)|Ministry of Labour and Social Security]] (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csgb.gov.tr/En|title=T.C. ÇALIŞMA VE SOSYAL GÜVENLİK BAKANLIĞI - Anasayfa|first=T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı - Bilgi İşlem Daire Başkanlığı, İnternet Hizmetleri Şubesi|last=Müdürlüğü|website=www.csgb.gov.tr|access-date=2016-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029043402/http://www.csgb.gov.tr/En|archive-date=2016-10-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> All applications for both residence permit and work permit are made through online government portals. The residence permit application is made through " "e-Residence" (e-İkamet)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://e-ikamet.goc.gov.tr/|title=Directorate General of Migration Management|website=e-ikamet.goc.gov.tr}}</ref> while {{ill|Turkish work permit|tr|Türkiye'de çalışma izni}} application are made through [[e-Government (Turkey)]] (e-Devlet).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/|title=e-Devlet Kapısı Devletin Kısayolu - www.türkiye.gov.tr|website=www.turkiye.gov.tr |
The immigration in Turkey is regulated by the {{ill|General Directorate of Immigration Management|tr|Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goc.gov.tr/main/Eng_3|title=Ministry Of Interior Directorate General Of Migration Management|website=www.goc.gov.tr}}</ref> (Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü) under the supervision of the [[Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)|Ministry of Interior]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mia.gov.tr/|title=Ministry of Interior - Republic of Turkey|website=www.mia.gov.tr}}</ref> while work permits are delivered by the {{ill|General Directorate of Labor Immigration|tr|Uluslararası İşgücü Genel Müdürlüğü}} (Uluslararası İşgücü Genel Müdürlüğü) under the supervision of the [[Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)|Ministry of Labour and Social Security]] (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csgb.gov.tr/En|title=T.C. ÇALIŞMA VE SOSYAL GÜVENLİK BAKANLIĞI - Anasayfa|first=T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı - Bilgi İşlem Daire Başkanlığı, İnternet Hizmetleri Şubesi|last=Müdürlüğü|website=www.csgb.gov.tr|access-date=2016-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029043402/http://www.csgb.gov.tr/En|archive-date=2016-10-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> All applications for both residence permit and work permit are made through online government portals. The residence permit application is made through " "e-Residence" (e-İkamet)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://e-ikamet.goc.gov.tr/|title=Directorate General of Migration Management|website=e-ikamet.goc.gov.tr}}</ref> while {{ill|Turkish work permit|tr|Türkiye'de çalışma izni}} application are made through [[e-Government (Turkey)]] (e-Devlet).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/|title=e-Devlet Kapısı Devletin Kısayolu - www.türkiye.gov.tr|website=www.turkiye.gov.tr}}</ref> |
||
==South Africa== |
==South Africa== |
||
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2024}} |
|||
There are three categories of South African work visa or permit available to a foreigner each with its own set of specific requirements all assisting in immigration to South Africa or working in South Africa. These are the ''General Work Visa/Permit'', the ''Critical Skills Work Visa/Permit'' and the ''Intra-Company Transfer Work Visa/Permit''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Work Permits in South Africa |url=http://www.immigrationsouthafrica.org/work-permit-south-africa/ |access-date=2015-07-08 |publisher=Immigration South Africa™}}</ref> Due to recent immigration law changes (May, 2014), the obtaining of work visas or permits in South Africa has become much more arduous. Furthermore, these work permits are now referred to as visas. |
|||
The South African Immigration Act as amended and which came into effect on 26 May 2014, makes provision for three different categories work visas that a foreigner may apply for to work in South Africa. These are the ''General Work Visa'', the ''Critical Skills Work Visa'' and the ''Intra-Company Transfer Work Visa''. |
|||
'''General Work Visa |
'''General Work Visa''' - |
||
This work visa is based on an offer of employment from a South African prospective employer. The employer must apply to the Department of Labour (DOL) for a certification which will confirm to the DHA directly confirmation of whether there exists suitably qualified South African candidates for the position and that the foreign Applicant possess the necessary skills and qualifications for the offered position. Once the DOL has concluded its mandate and conveyed to the DHA its certification (either positive or negative) the Applicant will then file the visa application. The DHA will approve or refuse a general work visa application, depending on its compliance with the statutory scheme the DOL issues a positive certification. |
|||
The basis of a general work visa/permit is that a firm offer of employment has been made by a prospective employer to a foreigner after such employer has unsuccessfully exploited the local labour market in attempting to procure the needed skills, experiences or qualifications equivalent of such foreigner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.immigrationsouthafrica.org/general-work-visa-south-africa/|title=General Work Visa - Immigration South Africa™|website=www.immigrationsouthafrica.org}}</ref> |
|||
⚫ | |||
A critical skills work visa may be issued to a foreigner on the basis of educational qualifications and/or professional experiences for up to 5 years when the application is supported by a contract of employment or for 1 year in absence of the supporting contract of employment. Skills that are recognised to be critical in terms of South African immigration are listed in the Critical Skills List which is published in the Government Gazzette. Each skill is listed as critical specifically to a sector of employment. The sector is relevant not only in respect of the specific requirements including the applicable SAQA recognised professional body but also in respect of the supporting employment which needs to be within that specific sector. |
|||
''' |
'''Intra-Company Transfer Work Visa''' - |
||
An intra company transfer (ICT) work visa is issued to a foreigner who can demonstrate to have been employed by a foreign entity for at least 6 months and who, based on his/her foreign employment, deployed or seconded to South African branch, subsidiary or associate office of the corporate entity aboard. A skills transfer plan needs to support the application. An Intra-Company-Transfer work visa does not allow its holder to change status from within South Africa. The visa is issued for up to 4 years and cannot be renewed from within South Africa. Holding an ICT work visa does not accrue its holder any rights in terms of applying for permanent residence in South Africa. |
|||
A critical skills work permit may be issued to a foreigner who possesses critical skills or qualifications and is able to demonstrate with supporting documentation in the form of testimonials, publications. This is based on a list published by the Department of Home Affairs in South Africa called the Critical Skills List<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.immigrationsouthafrica.org/Critical_Skills_Work_Visa_List.pdf|title=South Africa's latest Critical Skills List (PDF)}}</ref> A letter of motivation from an authoritative body to substantiate the benefits that those skills will bring to South Africa. This critical skills work permit is granted for up to five years and may be renewed for a further period, if required.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.immigrationsouthafrica.org/critical-skills/|title=Critical Skills Work Visa - Immigration South Africa™|website=www.immigrationsouthafrica.org}}</ref> This visa type replaces the previously issued Quota Work Permit and the Exceptional Skills Work Permit. |
|||
⚫ | |||
An intra company transfer work permit is issued to a foreigner who is normally deployed or seconded to South African branch, subsidiary or associate office of a corporate entity aboard. |
|||
There are strict controls to ensure that the foreigner remains employed in his or her specific position during the tour of duty. This type of visa is only valid for two years, and often no extension is possible. Also, any applicant must have first worked for a minimum of 6 months in the employ of the company's foreign office before applying to relocate and immigrate to the South African branch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.immigrationsouthafrica.org/work-permit-south-africa/|title=Work Visas for South Africa - Immigration South Africa™|website=www.immigrationsouthafrica.org}}</ref> |
|||
==Canada== |
==Canada== |
||
Canada work permits are issued under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) by Canada immigration and Citizenship. |
Canada work permits are issued under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) by Canada immigration and Citizenship. |
||
The TFWP has four streams: high-skilled workers, low-skilled workers, the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program, and the Live-In Caregiver Program. |
The TFWP has four streams: high-skilled workers, low-skilled workers, the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program, and the Live-In Caregiver Program.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}} |
||
The Canadian work permit is divided into two which include are the “''open work permits''” and “''employer-specific work permits''.” With an open work permit, an applicant can work for any employer, but an employer-specific work permit allows the applicant to work for only one employer. |
The Canadian work permit is divided into two which include are the “''open work permits''” and “''employer-specific work permits''.” With an open work permit, an applicant can work for any employer, but an employer-specific work permit allows the applicant to work for only one employer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/work-canada/permit/temporary/work-permit.html |title=Work permit: About the process |date=2024-01-24 |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=[[Government of Canada]] |language=en}}</ref> |
||
⚫ | For a foreigner to apply for a work permit in Canada, their employer may have to apply for a [[Labour Market Impact Assessment]] (LMIA) from Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC), as this is the most used approach. It would then be the duty of the Canadian employer to undertake domestic recruitment efforts and agrees that no Canadian permanent residents or citizens are qualified for the position at hand. After a positive LMIA has been issued to the applicant, the employer can go ahead to apply for a work permit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ircc.canada.ca/english/helpcentre/answer.asp?qnum=163&top=17 |title=What is a Labour Market Impact Assessment?|date=2024-02-26 |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=[[Government of Canada]] |language=en}}</ref> |
||
It is required that you already have a job offer before applying for a work permit, although in some cases, you can apply for a work permit without a job offer. |
|||
==Israel-Palestine== |
|||
⚫ | For |
||
{{excerpt|Israeli permit regime in the West Bank}} |
|||
==Philippines== |
==Philippines== |
||
Line 120: | Line 118: | ||
== Thailand == |
== Thailand == |
||
Foreigners holding a "B" visa and wishing to work or start a business in Thailand are required to obtain a work permit. The issuance of work permits is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Labor of Thailand. Work without permission in the Kingdom is criminally punishable. It takes 7 working days to process the application for a permit. If the applicant is qualified and able to use "One Stop Service Center", the work permit will only take one day. |
Foreigners holding a "B" visa and wishing to work or start a business in Thailand are required to obtain a work permit. The issuance of work permits is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Labor of Thailand. Work without permission in the Kingdom is criminally punishable. It takes 7 working days to process the application for a permit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.boi.go.th/index.php?page=WorkinginThailand&language=en |title=Working in Thailand – Work Permit Overview |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=[[Thailand Board of Investment]] |language=en}}</ref> If the applicant is qualified and able to use "One Stop Service Center", the work permit will only take one day. |
||
⚫ | According to the Emergency Decree on Non-Thais' Working Management No. 2, 2018, foreigners can work anywhere in the country without having to record these changes in the permit, but each employer must be listed in the book. If the employee is transferred to another office in another part of the country, the employer should notify the office of the Employment Department.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Phuket News: New Work Permit rules confirmed by Phuket Employment Office Chief|first=The Phuket News|last=Com|url=https://www.thephuketnews.com/new-work-permit-rules-confirmed-by-phuket-employment-office-chief-68463.php#hKPzXuOSWSyAwLX3.97|work=The Phuket News Com|access-date=2018-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> |
||
=== Duties === |
=== Duties === |
||
Thai government fees for a work permit:<ref name="mol.go.thFees">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mol.go.th/employee/rate_free |date=2015 |access-date=2024-04-07 |website=[[Ministry of Labour (Thailand)]] |language=th |script-title=th:อัตราค่าธรรมเนียม}}</ref> |
|||
'''Thai government fees for a work permit:''' |
|||
*100 Baht/form = Permit application Fee. |
*100 Baht/form = Permit application Fee. |
||
*750 Baht = work permit not longer than 3 months. |
*750 Baht = work permit not longer than 3 months. |
||
*1,500 Baht = work permit longer than 3 months but does not exceed 6 months. |
*1,500 Baht = work permit longer than 3 months but does not exceed 6 months. |
||
*3,000 Baht = work permit longer than 6 months but does not exceed 12 months. |
*3,000 Baht = work permit longer than 6 months but does not exceed 12 months. |
||
Thai government fees for amendments:<ref name="mol.go.thFees"/> |
|||
*500 Baht/Book = Substitute of a permit. |
*500 Baht/Book = Substitute of a permit. |
||
*1,000 Baht/time = Permission to change or add job description. |
*1,000 Baht/time = Permission to change or add job description. |
||
*3,000 Baht/time = Permission to remove or add an employer. |
*3,000 Baht/time = Permission to remove or add an employer. |
||
*1,000 Baht/time = Permission to change or add the locality or place of work. |
*1,000 Baht/time = Permission to change or add the locality or place of work. |
||
*150 Baht/time = Permission to change or add conditions. |
|||
*150 Baht/time = Permission to change or add conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gam-legalalliance.com/services/immigration/thai-visas/thai-work-permit/work-permit-fees-in-thailand/|title=Work Permit Fees in Thailand {{!}} G.A.M. Legal Alliance|publisher=gam-legalalliance.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-11}}</ref> |
|||
⚫ | According to the Emergency Decree on Non-Thais' Working Management No. 2, 2018, foreigners can work anywhere in the country without having to record these changes in the permit, but each employer must be listed in the book. If the employee is transferred to another office in another part of the country, the employer should notify the office of the Employment Department.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Phuket News: New Work Permit rules confirmed by Phuket Employment Office Chief|first=The Phuket News|last=Com|url=https://www.thephuketnews.com/new-work-permit-rules-confirmed-by-phuket-employment-office-chief-68463.php#hKPzXuOSWSyAwLX3.97|work=The Phuket News Com|access-date=2018-09-11|language=en-US}}</ref> |
||
=== Professions that are prohibited for foreigners === |
|||
The Thai Ministry of Labor has developed a list of professions that foreigners are prohibited from working in the Kingdom. This is done so that the local population does not suffer from unemployment due to the influx of immigrants.<br> |
|||
'''List of prohibited professions:''' |
|||
#Labour work except labour work in fishing boats under the next category below. The said work which is forbidden to aliens shall not apply to aliens who have entered into Thailand under an agreement on hire of labour concluded between the Government of Thailand and other nations, and also aliens whose status has been prescribed as legal immigrant and who possess a residence certificate under the law governing immigration. |
|||
#Agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry or fishery, except work requiring specialized knowledge, farm supervision, or labour work in fishing boats, particularly marine fishery. |
|||
#Bricklaying, carpentry, or other construction work. |
|||
#Wood carving. |
|||
#Driving motor vehicles or vehicles which do not use machinery or mechanical devices, except piloting aircraft internationally. |
|||
#Front shop sales and auction sale work. |
|||
#Supervising, auditing, or giving service in accountancy, except occasional internal auditing. |
|||
#Cutting or polishing precious or semi-precious stones. |
|||
#Haircutting, hairdressing, or beautification. |
|||
#Cloth weaving by hand. |
|||
#Mat weaving or making utensils from reed, rattan, jute, hay, or bamboo. |
|||
#Making rice paper by hand. |
|||
#Lacquer work. |
|||
#Making Thai musical instruments. |
|||
#Niello work. |
|||
#Goldsmith, silversmith, or gold/copper alloy smith work. |
|||
#Stone work. |
|||
#Making Thai dolls. |
|||
#Making mattresses or quilts. |
|||
#Making alms bowls. |
|||
#Making silk products by hand. |
|||
#Making Buddha images. |
|||
#Knifemaking. |
|||
#Making paper or cloth umbrellas. |
|||
#Making shoes. |
|||
#Making hats. |
|||
#Brokerage or agency except in international trading. |
|||
#Professional civil engineering concerning design and calculation, systemization, analysis, planning, testing, construction supervision, or consulting services, excluding work requiring specialized techniques. |
|||
#Professional architectural work concerning design, drawing/making, cost estimation, or consulting services. |
|||
#Dressmaking. |
|||
#Pottery. |
|||
#Cigarette rolling by hand. |
|||
#Tour guiding or conducting. |
|||
#Hawking of goods & Thai typesetting by hand. |
|||
#Unwinding and twisting silk by hand. |
|||
#Clerical or secretarial work. |
|||
#Providing legal services or engaging in legal work, except arbitration work; and work relating to defense of cases at arbitration level, provided the law governing the dispute under consideration by the arbitrators is not Thai law, or it is a case where there is no need to apply for the enforcement of such arbitration award in Thailand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thailawonline.com/en/others/labour-law/forbidden-occupations-for-foreigners-jobs.html|title=Forbidden Occupations for Foreigners (Jobs) - thailawonline|publisher=thailawonline.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-09-11}}</ref> |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Line 181: | Line 139: | ||
* [[Expatriate]] |
* [[Expatriate]] |
||
* [[Stamp 4]] |
* [[Stamp 4]] |
||
==Notes== |
|||
{{notelist}} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Line 193: | Line 154: | ||
[[Category:Legal documents]] |
[[Category:Legal documents]] |
||
[[Category:Immigration law]] |
[[Category:Immigration law]] |
||
[[Category:Employment of foreign-born]] |
[[Category:Employment of foreign-born people]] |
Latest revision as of 18:51, 7 April 2024
A work permit or work visa is the permission to take a job within a foreign country. The foreign country where someone seeks to obtain a work permit for is also known as the "country of work", as opposed to the "country of origin" where someone holds citizenship or nationality.[1]
European Union
Currently, every EU country has a different process for granting work permits to nationals of non-EU countries. To address this issue, the European Commission began work in 1999 on developing an EU-wide process for the entry of non-EU nationals into the work force.[2] In October 2007, they adopted a proposal to introduce a work permit similar to the United States' "Green Card" program, called the "Blue Card". It is similar to the UK's Highly Skilled Migrant Programme, with the exception that it will require an employment contract in place prior to migration. After two years in the first country, the migrant will be allowed to move and work in another EU country, and can sum the number of years spent in the EU for purposes of residency. This new card will abolish work permits across the EU and centralize the issuing from Brussels. [3]
Belgium
Czech Republic
The issuing of work permit in the Czech Republic is governed by three basic sources: labor code, Act No. 435/2004 Coll. On employment and Act no. 326/1999 Coll. On the residence of foreign nationals. There are various rights and obligations depending on nationality.[4]
France
A foreigner seeking to work in France must obtain work authorization (authorisation de travail) with a visa, a residence permit or a special document by the government.[5]
United Kingdom
There are seven standard ways to apply for a work permit in the United Kingdom: the Business and Commercial Arrangements, the Training and Work Experience Arrangements, the Sports people and Entertainers Arrangements, Student Internships, GATS, Ancestry Visa and the Sectors Based Scheme. All applications require the work permit holder to leave the country where the work permit was issued every three months under the Work Permit Arrangements. Costs for leaving the airport are £64, per person and you must return to the airport after 24 hours or one working day to leave the country. If you remain in the airport the cost is £35 per person and you must leave the country after 24 hours or one working day in the airport.[6] Each of these involves its own application process, and generally requires a job offer from a UK employer.
The UK work permit system is currently being replaced by a new points-based immigration system.
Russia
According to the Federal Migration Service of Russia estimates, in Russia today there are 5 million working foreign nationals.
In order to work in Russia, foreign citizens must have a work visa (visa for arriving at the order) to obtain a work permit and get on migration registration in the Russian Federal Migration Service bodies.
For foreign citizens arriving without visas (CIS countries except Turkmenistan and Georgia) there is a simplified procedure. The period of temporary stay for them is 90 days, but can be extended up to one year from the date of entry into the Russian Federation on presentation of the migration service of the employment contract or a contract of civil-legal nature. That is, a foreigner can obtain a work permit for up to 90 days, and then to extend it after the job. However, it is recommended to immediately impose a labor or civil contract and to issue a work permit for the duration of its validity.
Issuance of work permits is carried out taking into account the established quota. The quota is divided by region, Russia and the integrated vocational qualification groups.
A work permit is divided to some categories:
- Qualified professionals are employed by their existing profession (specialty), included in the approved list of professions (specialties, positions);
- Highly qualified professionals engaged in labor activity in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of the Federal Law "On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation."
The work permit is valid within the subject of the Russian Federation, in which it was issued.
Ukraine
Foreigners and stateless persons can be employed in Ukraine after obtaining an appropriate permit. These requirements are established by article 42 of the Law of Ukraine "On Employment". State Employment Service of Ukraine is the main authority to issue work permit.
Does not require obtaining a work permit for:
- foreigners who have residence permit in Ukraine;
- refugees;
- foreigners who have permission to immigrate to Ukraine;
- foreigners who are recognized as persons in need of additional protection, or who are granted temporary protection in Ukraine;
- representatives of foreign maritime (river) fleet and airlines that serve such companies on the territory of Ukraine;
- employees of foreign media who are accredited to work in Ukraine;
- professional athletes, artists and art workers to work in Ukraine;
- workers of emergency services for urgent work;
- employees of foreign representative (branch) office that are registered in the territory of Ukraine in accordance with the procedure established by the law;
- ecclesiastic who are to reside in Ukraine temporarily (on the ground of invitation of religious organization) for canonical activity only in such religious organization;
- foreigners who arrived in Ukraine to participate in the implementation of international technical assistance projects;
- foreigners who arrived in Ukraine to conduct teaching and / or scientific activities in higher education institutions;
- other foreigners in cases provided by laws and international treaties of Ukraine;
- Foreign Ukrainians, as long as they hold a Foreign Ukrainian ID Booklet. [7]
United States
In general, the United States does not require work permits for adult citizens. However, certain people are required to have an Employment Authorization Document from the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
The federal government of the United States does not require work permits or proof-of-age certificates for a minor to be employed.[8] However, the possession of an age certificate constitutes a good faith effort to comply with minimum age requirements of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.[8] The United States Department of Labor will issue a "certificate of age" if the minor employee's state does not issue them, or if the minor is requested by his or her employer to provide one.[8][9] Several states are not listed in 29 CFR 570.9(a), such as Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Kansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, and Utah, and thus their certificates may not meet the requirements of 29 CFR 570.5(b) as being evidence of compliance with the Fair Labor Standards Act.
Many states also require them for workers of certain ages.[8] In some states, for example New Jersey, permits are only required for minors 14 and 15 years old, while others such as Massachusetts require, at least in theory, work permits for all minors until they turn 18 years of age. In some states, enforcement is strict. Permits are usually issued through the school system the minor attends, and typically at a minimum is conditioned on enrollment in high school with regular attendance (no chronic absenteeism, tardiness, or truancy). Some states such as New York and Indiana require high school students with part-time jobs to maintain a certain grade point average. Minors who are working are usually restricted in the number of hours each day or week they are permitted to work as well as the types of jobs they may hold.
Turkey
The immigration in Turkey is regulated by the General Directorate of Immigration Management[10] (Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü) under the supervision of the Ministry of Interior[11] while work permits are delivered by the General Directorate of Labor Immigration (Uluslararası İşgücü Genel Müdürlüğü) under the supervision of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı).[12] All applications for both residence permit and work permit are made through online government portals. The residence permit application is made through " "e-Residence" (e-İkamet)[13] while Turkish work permit application are made through e-Government (Turkey) (e-Devlet).[14]
South Africa
The South African Immigration Act as amended and which came into effect on 26 May 2014, makes provision for three different categories work visas that a foreigner may apply for to work in South Africa. These are the General Work Visa, the Critical Skills Work Visa and the Intra-Company Transfer Work Visa.
General Work Visa - This work visa is based on an offer of employment from a South African prospective employer. The employer must apply to the Department of Labour (DOL) for a certification which will confirm to the DHA directly confirmation of whether there exists suitably qualified South African candidates for the position and that the foreign Applicant possess the necessary skills and qualifications for the offered position. Once the DOL has concluded its mandate and conveyed to the DHA its certification (either positive or negative) the Applicant will then file the visa application. The DHA will approve or refuse a general work visa application, depending on its compliance with the statutory scheme the DOL issues a positive certification. Critical Skills Work Visa - A critical skills work visa may be issued to a foreigner on the basis of educational qualifications and/or professional experiences for up to 5 years when the application is supported by a contract of employment or for 1 year in absence of the supporting contract of employment. Skills that are recognised to be critical in terms of South African immigration are listed in the Critical Skills List which is published in the Government Gazzette. Each skill is listed as critical specifically to a sector of employment. The sector is relevant not only in respect of the specific requirements including the applicable SAQA recognised professional body but also in respect of the supporting employment which needs to be within that specific sector.
Intra-Company Transfer Work Visa - An intra company transfer (ICT) work visa is issued to a foreigner who can demonstrate to have been employed by a foreign entity for at least 6 months and who, based on his/her foreign employment, deployed or seconded to South African branch, subsidiary or associate office of the corporate entity aboard. A skills transfer plan needs to support the application. An Intra-Company-Transfer work visa does not allow its holder to change status from within South Africa. The visa is issued for up to 4 years and cannot be renewed from within South Africa. Holding an ICT work visa does not accrue its holder any rights in terms of applying for permanent residence in South Africa.
Canada
Canada work permits are issued under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP) by Canada immigration and Citizenship.
The TFWP has four streams: high-skilled workers, low-skilled workers, the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program, and the Live-In Caregiver Program.[citation needed]
The Canadian work permit is divided into two which include are the “open work permits” and “employer-specific work permits.” With an open work permit, an applicant can work for any employer, but an employer-specific work permit allows the applicant to work for only one employer.[15]
For a foreigner to apply for a work permit in Canada, their employer may have to apply for a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) from Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC), as this is the most used approach. It would then be the duty of the Canadian employer to undertake domestic recruitment efforts and agrees that no Canadian permanent residents or citizens are qualified for the position at hand. After a positive LMIA has been issued to the applicant, the employer can go ahead to apply for a work permit.[16]
Israel-Palestine
The Israeli permit regime in the West Bank is the legal regime that requires Palestinians to obtain a number of separate permits from the Israeli military authorities governing Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank for a wide range of activities.[17][18][a] The first military order requiring permits for the Palestinians was issued before the end of the 1967 Six-Day War. The two uprisings of 1987 and 2001 were met by increased security measures, differentiation of IDs into green and red, policies of village closures, curfews and more stringent restrictions on Palestinian movement, with the general exit permit of 1972 replaced by individual permits. The stated Israeli justification for this new permit regime regarding movements was to contain the expansion of the uprisings and protect both the IDF and Israeli civilians from military confrontations with armed Palestinians.[19] The regime has since expanded to 101 different types of permits covering nearly every aspect of Palestinian life,[20][21] governing movement in Israel and in Israeli settlements, transit between Gaza and the West Bank, movement in Jerusalem and the seam zone, and travel abroad via international borders.[22] The Israeli High Court has rejected petitions against the permit regime, allowing that it severely impinges on the rights of Palestinian residents but that the harm was proportionate.[23]
Considered an example of racial profiling by scholars like Ronit Lentin, Yael Berda and others,[24][25][26] the regime has been characterized as arbitrary and as one that turned such rights as freedom of movement into mere privileges that could be granted or revoked by the military authority.[27] The regime itself has been likened to the South African pass laws under apartheid,[b][28][29][30][31] with Jennifer Loewenstein writing that the regime is "more complex and ruthlessly enforced than the pass system of the apartheid regime."[32] Israel has defended the permit regime as necessary to protect Israelis in the West Bank against what it describes as continued threats of attacks by Palestinian militants.[33]Philippines
In the Philippines, legal employment of a foreigner in the country for a period of more than six months requires an alien employment permit (AEP) which is issued by the Department of Labor and Employment. A special working permit (SWP) issued by the Bureau of Immigration is required instead for foreigners intending to work in the country for a period of less than six months.[34]
Singapore
In Singapore, the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) issues work passes to eligible foreigners in accordance to the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act (EFMA).[35]
There are three main categories of work passes:[36]
- Work Permit (WP) - for unskilled and semi-skilled workers. Subject to quotaa, levyb and nationality requirements. Not allowed to bring family members to Singapore. Not eligible to apply for permanent residence. Marriage restrictions apply; current or former WP holders must seek approval from MOM before marrying a Singapore citizen or permanent resident.
- Subsets of Work Permit include Work Permit for foreign domestic worker, Work Permit for confinement nanny and Work Permit for performing artiste working in public entertainment outlets.
- S Pass (SP) - for mid-level skilled staff and technicians earning a fixed monthly salary of at least S$2,300. Subject to quota and levy requirements but not subject to nationality restriction. Allowed to bring family members to Singapore if earning a fixed monthly salary of at least S$6,000. Eligible to apply for permanent residence.
- Employment Pass (EP) - for professionals, managers and executives earning a fixed monthly salary of at least S$3,600. Not subject to quota, levy and nationality requirements, but fair consideration must be given to qualified local jobseekers.[37] Allowed to bring family members to Singapore if earning a fixed monthly salary of at least S$6,000. Eligible to apply for permanent residence.
- A special type of EP is the Personalised Employment Pass (PEP). An EP holder can apply for a PEP if he/she earns a fixed monthly salary of at least S$12,000. For foreign executives relocating to Singapore and applying for a PEP, their last drawn fixed monthly salary must be at least S$18,000. The PEP is not tied to a particular employer, and the PEP holder can spend up to six months unemployed in Singapore. The PEP is valid for up to 3 years and non-renewable.[38][39]
Other types of work passes include EntrePass (allowing entrepreneurs to set up businesses in Singapore), Work Holiday Pass (for eligible foreign students to work and holiday in Singapore), Training Employment Pass (short-term training for professionals) and Training Work Permit (short-term training for semi-skilled trainees).
In November 2020, the Singapore government announced plans for a new work pass called Tech.Pass, which will be available to applicants by January 2021.[40] According to the Economic Development Board the Tech.Pass will be valid for two years, and is meant to attract skilled technology professionals in fields like e-commerce, artificial intelligence and cyber security.[41]
Notes:
- ^a a number of locals (Singapore citizens or permanent residents) must be employed by the employer before a foreign worker can be hired
- ^b a daily or monthly tax on each foreign worker, borne by the employer
Australia
Several different types of visas are available for immigrants. [citation needed]
Thailand
Foreigners holding a "B" visa and wishing to work or start a business in Thailand are required to obtain a work permit. The issuance of work permits is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Labor of Thailand. Work without permission in the Kingdom is criminally punishable. It takes 7 working days to process the application for a permit.[42] If the applicant is qualified and able to use "One Stop Service Center", the work permit will only take one day.
According to the Emergency Decree on Non-Thais' Working Management No. 2, 2018, foreigners can work anywhere in the country without having to record these changes in the permit, but each employer must be listed in the book. If the employee is transferred to another office in another part of the country, the employer should notify the office of the Employment Department.[43]
Duties
Thai government fees for a work permit:[44]
- 100 Baht/form = Permit application Fee.
- 750 Baht = work permit not longer than 3 months.
- 1,500 Baht = work permit longer than 3 months but does not exceed 6 months.
- 3,000 Baht = work permit longer than 6 months but does not exceed 12 months.
Thai government fees for amendments:[44]
- 500 Baht/Book = Substitute of a permit.
- 1,000 Baht/time = Permission to change or add job description.
- 3,000 Baht/time = Permission to remove or add an employer.
- 1,000 Baht/time = Permission to change or add the locality or place of work.
- 150 Baht/time = Permission to change or add conditions.
See also
- Employment contract: proofs that a person has indeed acquired a work contract in a particular country
- Expatriate
- Stamp 4
Notes
- ^ "The most common permits are those allowing Palestinians to work in Israel, or in Jewish settlements in the West Bank. Over the decades, however, the permit regimen has grown into a vast, triple-digit bureaucracy." (Levinson 2011)
- ^ "Both South Africa and Israel have turned questions of land and 'demography' (to abide by the Israeli euphemism) into national obsessions, and have devised elaborate systems of repression and discrimination around them. Both view themselves as 'outposts of western civilization'; both are wont to claim Biblical justification and enjoy the support of organized religion domestically (though not unanimously); both are national security states with a broad emphasis on counterinsurgency and methods of psychological warfare. The parallels extend to the finer print as well, with South Africa's pass laws, and Israel's special IDs for Arabs (stamped with a 'B') and requirements for travel passes in the occupied territories." (Pieterse 1984, p. 65)
References
- ^ Pauline Melin, The External Dimension of EU Social Security Coordination: Towards a Common EU Approach (2019), p. 120–121. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004415331.
- ^ "Towards a Common European Union Immigration Policy". European Commission. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
- ^ "EU Blue Card to encourage highly-qualified non-EU citizens to work in the EU". European Commission, Irish Press Office. Retrieved 2007-03-03.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Příručka pro personální agendu a odměňování zaměstnanců".
- ^ "Autorisation de travail d'un étranger salarié en France". Direction de l’information légale et administrative.
- ^ "Working in the UK - Work Permit Arrangements". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
- ^ "Про закордонних українців". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2024-04-03.
- ^ a b c d "Youth & Labor: Work Permits & Age Certificates".
- ^ 29 CFR 570
- ^ "Ministry Of Interior Directorate General Of Migration Management". www.goc.gov.tr.
- ^ "Ministry of Interior - Republic of Turkey". www.mia.gov.tr.
- ^ Müdürlüğü, T.C. Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı - Bilgi İşlem Daire Başkanlığı, İnternet Hizmetleri Şubesi. "T.C. ÇALIŞMA VE SOSYAL GÜVENLİK BAKANLIĞI - Anasayfa". www.csgb.gov.tr. Archived from the original on 2016-10-29. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Directorate General of Migration Management". e-ikamet.goc.gov.tr.
- ^ "e-Devlet Kapısı Devletin Kısayolu - www.türkiye.gov.tr". www.turkiye.gov.tr.
- ^ "Work permit: About the process". Government of Canada. 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
- ^ "What is a Labour Market Impact Assessment?". Government of Canada. 2024-02-26. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
- ^ Berda 2017a.
- ^ Gross 2017, p. 324.
- ^ Al-Qadi 2018, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Levinson 2011.
- ^ Gordon 2008a, p. 34.
- ^ Al-Qadi 2018, p. 7.
- ^ Cahana & Kanonich 2013, p. 7.
- ^ Peteet 2017, p. 9.
- ^ Abowd 2014, pp. 29, 191, 204–205.
- ^ Lentin 2018, p. 39.
- ^ Gordon 2008a, p. 25.
- ^ Clarno 2017, p. 4.
- ^ Ben-Naftali, Sfard & Viterbo 2018, p. 335—336.
- ^ Essed et al. 2018, p. 255.
- ^ Peteet 2017, p. 89.
- ^ Loewenstein 2006, p. 25.
- ^ Laub & Daraghmeh 2018.
- ^ Medenilla, Samuel (27 March 2018). "Rising number of foreign workers shows job-skills mismatch persisting in PHL". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ^ "Employment of Foreign Manpower Act". Ministry of Manpower (Singapore). Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Work passes and permits". Ministry of Manpower (Singapore). Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Fair Consideration Framework". Ministry of Manpower (Singapore). Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Key facts on Personalised Employment Pass". Ministry of Manpower (Singapore). Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Eligibility and requirements for Personalised Employment Pass". Ministry of Manpower (Singapore). Retrieved 11 October 2019.
- ^ "Singapore prime minister clarifies details on new work pass for global tech talent". www.techinasia.com. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
- ^ Baharudin, Hariz (2020-11-12). "New work pass in Singapore for top-tier foreign tech professionals to launch in January". The Straits Times. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
- ^ "Working in Thailand – Work Permit Overview". Thailand Board of Investment. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
- ^ Com, The Phuket News. "Phuket News: New Work Permit rules confirmed by Phuket Employment Office Chief". The Phuket News Com. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
- ^ a b อัตราค่าธรรมเนียม. Ministry of Labour (Thailand) (in Thai). 2015. Retrieved 2024-04-07.