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<noinclude>{{Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Templates/RSS description|1=Text from Wikipedia good enough for Oxford University Press to claim as own: Doc James tells us that "The one good thing that has come out of all of this is that Wikipedia’s content passing a major textbook publisher review processes is some external validation of Wikipedia’s quality."}}{{Wikipedia:Signpost/Template:Signpost-header|||}}</noinclude> |
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{{Wikipedia:Signpost/Template:Signpost-article-start|{{{1|Text from Wikipedia good enough for Oxford University Press to claim as own}}}|By [[User:Doc James|Doc James]]| 25 February 2015}} |
{{Wikipedia:Signpost/Template:Signpost-article-start|{{{1|Text from Wikipedia good enough for Oxford University Press to claim as own}}}|By [[User:Doc James|Doc James]]| 25 February 2015}} |
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! scope="row" width="10%" | [[Ebola virus disease]], [[Special:Diff/404199575|15:21, 25 December 2010]] |
! scope="row" width="10%" | [[Ebola virus disease]], [[Special:Diff/404199575|15:21, 25 December 2010]] |
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| Between 1976 and 1998, from 30,000 mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and [[arthropod]]s sampled from outbreak regions, no ''Ebolavirus'' was detected apart from some genetic material found in six rodents (''[[Mus setulosus]]'' and ''[[Praomys]]'') and one [[shrew]] (''[[Sylvisorex ollula]]'') collected from the [[Central African Republic]].<ref name="Pourrut2005">{{Cite |
| Between 1976 and 1998, from 30,000 mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and [[arthropod]]s sampled from outbreak regions, no ''Ebolavirus'' was detected apart from some genetic material found in six rodents (''[[Mus setulosus]]'' and ''[[Praomys]]'') and one [[shrew]] (''[[Sylvisorex ollula]]'') collected from the [[Central African Republic]].<ref name="Pourrut2005">{{Cite journal| title = The natural history of Ebola virus in Africa | journal = Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur | volume = 7 | issue = 7–8 | pages = 1005–1014 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16002313 | doi = 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.006| first1 = X.| last1 = Pourrut| last2 = Kumulungui| first2 = B.| last3 = Wittmann| first3 = T.| last4 = Moussavou| first4 = G.| last5 = Délicat| first5 = A.| last6 = Yaba| first6 = P.| last7 = Nkoghe| first7 = D.| last8 = Gonzalez| first8 = J. P.| last9 = Leroy| first9 = E. M.}}</ref><ref name="Morvan1999">{{Cite journal| title = Identification of Ebola virus sequences present as RNA or DNA in organs of terrestrial small mammals of the Central African Republic | first12 = V.| last12 = Volehkov| journal = Microbes and Infection | first11 = M.| volume = 1| issue = 14| last11 = Colyn| year = 1999| pages = 1193–1201| doi = 10.1016/S1286-4579(99)00242-7 | first10 = A.| pmid = 10580275| last1 = Morvan | first1 = J.| last2 = Deubel | first2 = V.| last3 = Gounon| last10 = Gautier-Hion | first3 = P.| last4 = Nakouné | first4 = E.| last5 = Barrière | first5 = P.| last6 = Murri | first6 = S.| last7 = Perpète | first7 = O.| last8 = Selekon | first8 = B.| last9 = Coudrier | first9 = D.}}</ref> The virus was detected in the carcasses of [[gorilla]]s, chimpanzees, and [[duiker]]s during outbreaks in 2001 and 2003, which later became the source of human infections. However, the high mortality from infection in these species makes them unlikely as a natural reservoir.<ref name="Pourrut2005" /> |
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[[Plant]]s, [[arthropods]], and birds have also been considered as possible reservoirs; however, [[bat]]s are considered the most likely candidate.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Fruit bats may carry Ebola virus |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4484494.stm|work=BBC News|date=2005-12-11|accessdate=2008-02-25}}</ref> Bats were known to reside in the cotton factory in which the [[index case]]s for the 1976 and 1979 outbreaks were employed, and they have also been implicated in Marburg infections in 1975 and 1980.<ref name="Pourrut2005" /> Of 24 plant species and 19 vertebrate species experimentally inoculated with ''Ebolavirus'', only bats became infected.<ref>{{Cite |
[[Plant]]s, [[arthropods]], and birds have also been considered as possible reservoirs; however, [[bat]]s are considered the most likely candidate.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Fruit bats may carry Ebola virus |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4484494.stm|work=BBC News|date=2005-12-11|accessdate=2008-02-25}}</ref> Bats were known to reside in the cotton factory in which the [[index case]]s for the 1976 and 1979 outbreaks were employed, and they have also been implicated in Marburg infections in 1975 and 1980.<ref name="Pourrut2005" /> Of 24 plant species and 19 vertebrate species experimentally inoculated with ''Ebolavirus'', only bats became infected.<ref>{{Cite journal| pmid = 8969248| last1 = Swanepoel| date=Oct 1996 | first = R. L.| last2 = Leman | first2 = P. A.| last3 = Burt | first3 = F. J.| last4 = Zachariades | first4 = N. A.| last5 = Braack | first5 = L. E.| last6 = Ksiazek | first6 = T. G.| last7 = Rollin | first7 = P. E.| last8 = Zaki | first8 = S. R.| last9 = Peters | first9 = C. J.| title = Experimental inoculation of plants and animals with Ebola virus| volume = 2| issue = 4| pages = 321–325| issn = 1080-6040| pmc = 2639914| journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases| doi = 10.3201/eid0204.960407}}</ref> The absence of clinical signs in these bats is characteristic of a reservoir species. In a 2002–2003 survey of 1,030 animals which included 679 bats from [[Gabon]] and the [[Republic of the Congo]], 13 fruit bats were found to contain ''Ebolavirus'' RNA.<ref>{{Cite journal| title = Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus| journal = Nature| volume = 438| issue = 7068| pages = 575–576| year = 2005| pmid = 16319873 | first10 = R.| doi = 10.1038/438575a |bibcode = 2005Natur.438..575L| last1 = Leroy | first1 = E. M.| last2 = Kumulungui | first2 = B.| last10 = Swanepoel| last3 = Pourrut | first3 = X.| last4 = Rouquet | first4 = P.| last5 = Hassanin | first5 = A.| last6 = Yaba | first6 = P.| last7 = Délicat | first7 = A.| last8 = Paweska | first8 = J. T.| last9 = Gonzalez | first9 = J. P. }}</ref> As of 2005, three [[fruit bat]] species (''[[Hypsignathus monstrosus]]'', ''[[Epomops franqueti]]'', and ''[[Myonycteris torquata]]'') have been identified as carrying the virus while remaining asymptomatic... |
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''Reston ebolavirus''—unlike its African counterparts—is non-pathogenic in humans. The high mortality among monkeys and its recent emergence in swine, makes them unlikely natural reservoirs.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Juan|last=Lubroth|title=Ebola-Reston Virus in Pigs: Disease situation in swine in the Philippines|url=http://www.fao.org/Ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/ebola_111208.html|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=2009-09-27}}</ref> |
''Reston ebolavirus''—unlike its African counterparts—is non-pathogenic in humans. The high mortality among monkeys and its recent emergence in swine, makes them unlikely natural reservoirs.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Juan|last=Lubroth|title=Ebola-Reston Virus in Pigs: Disease situation in swine in the Philippines|url=http://www.fao.org/Ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/ebola_111208.html|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=2009-09-27}}</ref> |
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[[Category:Wikipedia Signpost archives 2015-02|25 Oped]] |