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{{subcat guideline|content guideline|Television episodes|WP:EPISODE}} |
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{{IncGuide}} |
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{{guideline|[[WP:EPISODE]]}} |
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{{nutshell |
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Wikipedia contains a large number of articles on television episodes. There is some disagreement as to whether every episode of every show "deserves" an article, which leads to a large number of AFDs for such articles. The following suggestions aim to promote the creation of high-quality articles about television shows and their episodes, which should help to reduce acrimonious AfD debates. |
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| Stick to the [[WP:MOS|Manual of Style]]—specifically [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (writing about fiction)|writing about fiction]]—when writing pages to keep an "out-of-universe" perspective. Articles for individual episodes should assert their [[Wikipedia:Notability|notability]] and be fully [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiable]]. |
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| Check with [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|the image use policy]] before adding images to any article. |
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| Avoid creating lists of [[WP:TRIVIA|trivia]]; instead, incorporate relevant information into the body of the article. |
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}} |
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Wikipedia contains many articles on '''television episodes'''. The following guideline aims to promote the creation of high-quality articles about television shows and their episodes. This includes '''lists of episodes''', '''television series/season articles''', and '''television program articles'''. |
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==Creating articles on television episodes== |
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More important than having many articles on TV episodes is having good articles on those TV episodes. Therefore, it may not be a good idea to create small articles on every episode of a television show. However, it may still make sense to add information about a television episode to Wikipedia. The following process is a suggested method of doing so: |
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*First, create an article on the television show. |
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*Once there's enough independently verifiable information to do so, create articles on each season, or some other logical division, of the show. |
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*Once there's enough independently verifiable information included about individual episodes, spin the information from episodes out into their own articles. |
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== Process for creating articles on television episodes == |
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==Content== |
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*Content about television episodes must conform to Wikipedia content policies, including but not limited to [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] and [[Wikipedia:No original research]]. |
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*[[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information|Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information]]. Avoid excessive trivia and quotations. |
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*Extensive quotation from episodes is a violation of copyright and unlikely to be [[Wikipedia:Fair use|fair use]]. |
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*Here are some ideas for what information to include about a television episode, where possible: |
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**The plot summary of the episode |
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**The episode's relevance in ongoing story arcs, if any |
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**How the episode was received by critics |
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**The episode's impact on popular culture |
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**Information on production and broadcasting of the episode |
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*Elements which are best avoided in any episode article: |
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**A scene-by-scene synopsis. An overall plot summary is much better; the article should not attempt to be a replacement for watching the show itself, it should be about the show |
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**Particularly for comedies, no attempt should be made to recreate the humor of the show. This rarely works, and is contrary to the purpose of an encyclopedia. |
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All articles on Wikipedia must meet '''[[Wikipedia:Notability|notability guidelines]]''', which state that: |
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==Dealing with problem articles== |
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*If the articles are very short, consider merging them into another article (e.g. an article about the show itself, an article that is a list of episodes of the show, or an article that summarizes the plot for one season of the show). |
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*If the same person appears to have created a large number of problematic articles, please refer them to this page. |
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*Try to avoid listing episodes for AfD unless they are completely unverifiable, original research, etc. |
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<blockquote> |
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==See also== |
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''A topic is presumed to be notable if it has received significant coverage in [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|reliable sources]] that are [[Wikipedia:Verifiability#Sources|independent]] of the subject.'' |
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*[[Wikipedia:Notability (fiction)]] |
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</blockquote> |
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*[[Wikipedia:Schools]] |
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It is important to bear this in mind when creating articles, and it is likely that each individual episode of a television series ''will not'' be notable on its own, simply because there are not enough secondary sources available. [[WP:NOT#PLOT|What Wikipedia is not]] explains this further: |
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<blockquote> |
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''Wikipedia articles on works of fiction should contain real-world context and sourced analysis, offering detail on a work's achievements, impact or historical significance.'' |
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</blockquote> |
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While each episode ''on its own'' may not qualify for an article, it is quite likely that sources can be found to support a series or season page, where all the episodes in one season (or series) are presented on one page. (See examples listed below). Such pages must still be notable, and contain out-of-universe context, and not merely be a list of episode titles or cast and crew: [[WP:NOT#DIR|Wikipedia is not a directory]]. |
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Over time, you might find that some episodes or story-arcs have enough real-world information to warrant their own article. Such an episode can be broken out into its own page. |
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=== Process === |
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* Create page for the television PROGRAMME. |
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:: ''Once there's enough verifiable information independent of the show itself, then:'' |
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* Create page for each series/season, or a "List of episodes" page with every season/series. |
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:: ''If there is enough verifiable information from secondary sources about individual episodes, then:'' |
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* Create pages for outstanding episodes. |
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== How to write a good season or episode page == |
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All television pages must conform to Wikipedia content policies, including, but not limited to, '''[[Wikipedia:Verifiability]]''' and '''[[Wikipedia:No original research]]'''. In addition, '''[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (writing about fiction)]]''' has its own requirements, most particularly since: |
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<blockquote> |
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''Wikipedia is an out-of-universe source, and all articles about fiction and elements of fiction should take an overall out-of-universe perspective.'' |
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</blockquote> |
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In other words, the articles do not exist merely to retell the story (which is classed as a [[derivative work]] or a copyright violation) but to provide encyclopaedic information about the creation, production and reception of television programmes. Remember, the article should not attempt to be a replacement for watching the show itself, it should be about the show. |
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=== What a page should contain === |
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* A brief summary of the episode's plot (see below) |
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* How the episode was received by critics |
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* Information on production and broadcasting of the episode |
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* Real-world factors that have influenced the work or fictional element |
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=== Plot summaries === |
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The only purpose of plot summaries is to provide context for the rest of the information. [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (writing about fiction)]] states: |
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<blockquote> |
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''As the Wikipedia servers are located in the U.S. state of Florida, Wikipedia articles must conform to U.S. copyright laws. It has been held in a number of court cases that any work which re-tells original ideas from a fictional source, in sufficient quantity without adding information about that work, or in some way analysing and explaining it, may be construed as a [[derivative work]] or a copyright violation...Information about copyright fictional worlds and plots of works of fiction can be provided only under a claim of [[fair use]], and [[Wikipedia:Fair use criteria|Wikipedia's fair-use policy]] holds that "the amount of copyrighted work used should be as little as possible".'' |
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</blockquote> |
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As a rough guide, this amounts to no more than ten words per minute of screen time. For example, a 45 minute episode would warrant no more than 450 words. |
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=== Reliable sources === |
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Wikipedia is not the place to record [[Wikipedia:No original research|original research]] or speculation. All discussion and interpretation of television episodes must be supported by reliable, published sources. [[Wikipedia:Reliable sources]] states that: |
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<blockquote> |
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''Reliable sources are credible published materials with a reliable publication process; their authors are generally regarded as trustworthy, or are authoritative in relation to the subject at hand...Using reliable sources assures the reader that what is being presented meets the Wikipedia standards for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] and [[Wikipedia:No original research|originality]]. Accurate [[Wikipedia:Citing sources|citation]] allows the reader to go to those sources and gives appropriate credit to the author of the work.'' |
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</blockquote> |
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An actual episode may be used as a source for information about the episode and constitutes a [[Wikipedia:No original research#Primary, secondary, and tertiary sources|primary source]]. Such use does not constitute original research if it is used to verify a fact. However, the episode cannot be used to justify an interpretation. |
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=== Non-free images === |
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The primary purpose of non-free images on Wikipedia is for information rather than decoration. Non-free images (copyrighted images such as screen shots, DVD covers or publicity posters) must meet the [[Wikipedia:Non-free content#Images|non-free content guidelines]] which allows them to be used only to aid critical commentary or discussion. Add images only when you are familiar with [[Wikipedia:Image use policy]]. |
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=== Using an "out-of-universe" approach === |
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[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (writing about fiction)]] states: |
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<blockquote> |
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''Wikipedia is an out-of-universe source, and all articles about fiction and elements of fiction should take an overall out-of-universe perspective.'' |
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</blockquote> |
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This means writing about television programmes from a real-world perspective (ie. discussing the piece as fiction, rather from the perspective of one of the characters, or as if the events had really happened). |
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=== Things to avoid === |
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; Trivia sections |
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: [[WP:TRIV|Trivia sections]] are unencyclopaedic, and [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information|Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information]]. Relevant information should be integrated into the body of the article. |
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; Quotations |
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: Extensive use of these may breach copyright. Also, [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not#Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information|Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information]]. Consider adding these to [[Wikiquote]] instead. |
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; Lists of featured music or song lyrics |
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: Original song lyrics for a television episode breach copyright. References to featured music should be supported by reliable sources to establish notability. Do not just list music: [[WP:NOT#DIR|Wikipedia is not a directory]]. |
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; Technical errors and continuity issues ("bloopers" or "goofs") |
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: Unsourced sections about technical errors or [[Continuity (fiction)|continuity]] issues should generally be avoided. If there is a major mistake that is discussed by a reliable source it can become a part of the production section. |
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== Dealing with problem articles == |
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If the article(s) contain little content, consider [[WP:MERGE|merging]] or redirecting them into another article (e.g. an article about the show itself, an article that is a list of episodes of the show, or an article that summarizes the plot for one season of the show). |
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To start this process, tag the article(s) with '''<nowiki>{{Notability|episode}}</nowiki>''' on the page. (A proposed process for reviewing problem articles can be found at: [[Wikipedia:Television article review process]].) If the same editor appears to have created a large number of problematic articles, please refer them to this page. Avoid listing episodes for AfD unless they are completely unverifiable and original research. |
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'''Note:''' [[Wikipedia:Stub|Stubs]] are allowed on Wikipedia and many articles are stubs. It may be inappropriate to merge or redirect an article about a television episode just because it is a stub. Before executing a merge, ask yourself: |
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* ''Will the merge reduce the quality or coherence of the target article?'' |
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* ''Are more sources available?'' (Do some basic looking for additional source material that could be used to improve the article.) |
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If the answer to either of these questions is "yes", it is probably better to avoid merging or redirecting. Instead, consider improving it, or offer suggestions for its improvement on the talk page. |
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== Examples of good pages == |
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Below are examples of each type of article that have all reached [[WP:FEATURED|featured article]] or [[Wikipedia:Featured lists|featured list]] status. |
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=== Programme pages === |
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* ''[[Only Fools and Horses]]'' |
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* ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]'' |
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* ''[[Doctor Who]]'' |
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=== "List of" pages === |
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* [[List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes|List of ''Avatar: The Last Airbender'' episodes]] |
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* [[List of The Batman episodes|List of ''The Batman'' episodes]] |
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* [[List of The Sopranos episodes|List of ''The Sopranos'' episodes]] |
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=== Season pages === |
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* [[The Simpsons (season 8)|''The Simpsons'' (season 8)]] |
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=== Episode pages === |
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* "[[Abyssinia, Henry]]" - episode of ''[[M*A*S*H (TV series)|M*A*S*H]]'' |
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* "[[Pilot (House)|Pilot]]" - first episode of ''[[House (TV series)|House]]'' |
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* "[[Cape Feare]]" - episode of ''[[The Simpsons]]'' |
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* "[[Through the Looking Glass (Lost)|Through the Looking Glass]]" - episode of ''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]'' |
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== See also == |
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* [[Wikipedia:Notability (fiction)]] |
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* [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (writing about fiction)]] |
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* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Television/How to write an episode article]] - WikiProject guidelines and tips for articles on television episodes |
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* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Films/Style guidelines#Plot | WikiProject Films guidelines on plot summaries]] |
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* [[WP:DEADLINE]] & [[Wikipedia:The world will not end tomorrow]] - 2 [[WP:ESSAY|essays]] |
Revision as of 21:13, 26 September 2007
Wikipedia contains many articles on television episodes. The following guideline aims to promote the creation of high-quality articles about television shows and their episodes. This includes lists of episodes, television series/season articles, and television program articles.
Process for creating articles on television episodes
All articles on Wikipedia must meet notability guidelines, which state that:
A topic is presumed to be notable if it has received significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject.
It is important to bear this in mind when creating articles, and it is likely that each individual episode of a television series will not be notable on its own, simply because there are not enough secondary sources available. What Wikipedia is not explains this further:
Wikipedia articles on works of fiction should contain real-world context and sourced analysis, offering detail on a work's achievements, impact or historical significance.
While each episode on its own may not qualify for an article, it is quite likely that sources can be found to support a series or season page, where all the episodes in one season (or series) are presented on one page. (See examples listed below). Such pages must still be notable, and contain out-of-universe context, and not merely be a list of episode titles or cast and crew: Wikipedia is not a directory.
Over time, you might find that some episodes or story-arcs have enough real-world information to warrant their own article. Such an episode can be broken out into its own page.
Process
- Create page for the television PROGRAMME.
- Once there's enough verifiable information independent of the show itself, then:
- Create page for each series/season, or a "List of episodes" page with every season/series.
- If there is enough verifiable information from secondary sources about individual episodes, then:
- Create pages for outstanding episodes.
How to write a good season or episode page
All television pages must conform to Wikipedia content policies, including, but not limited to, Wikipedia:Verifiability and Wikipedia:No original research. In addition, Wikipedia:Manual of Style (writing about fiction) has its own requirements, most particularly since:
Wikipedia is an out-of-universe source, and all articles about fiction and elements of fiction should take an overall out-of-universe perspective.
In other words, the articles do not exist merely to retell the story (which is classed as a derivative work or a copyright violation) but to provide encyclopaedic information about the creation, production and reception of television programmes. Remember, the article should not attempt to be a replacement for watching the show itself, it should be about the show.
What a page should contain
- A brief summary of the episode's plot (see below)
- How the episode was received by critics
- Information on production and broadcasting of the episode
- Real-world factors that have influenced the work or fictional element
Plot summaries
The only purpose of plot summaries is to provide context for the rest of the information. Wikipedia:Manual of Style (writing about fiction) states:
As the Wikipedia servers are located in the U.S. state of Florida, Wikipedia articles must conform to U.S. copyright laws. It has been held in a number of court cases that any work which re-tells original ideas from a fictional source, in sufficient quantity without adding information about that work, or in some way analysing and explaining it, may be construed as a derivative work or a copyright violation...Information about copyright fictional worlds and plots of works of fiction can be provided only under a claim of fair use, and Wikipedia's fair-use policy holds that "the amount of copyrighted work used should be as little as possible".
As a rough guide, this amounts to no more than ten words per minute of screen time. For example, a 45 minute episode would warrant no more than 450 words.
Reliable sources
Wikipedia is not the place to record original research or speculation. All discussion and interpretation of television episodes must be supported by reliable, published sources. Wikipedia:Reliable sources states that:
Reliable sources are credible published materials with a reliable publication process; their authors are generally regarded as trustworthy, or are authoritative in relation to the subject at hand...Using reliable sources assures the reader that what is being presented meets the Wikipedia standards for verifiability and originality. Accurate citation allows the reader to go to those sources and gives appropriate credit to the author of the work.
An actual episode may be used as a source for information about the episode and constitutes a primary source. Such use does not constitute original research if it is used to verify a fact. However, the episode cannot be used to justify an interpretation.
Non-free images
The primary purpose of non-free images on Wikipedia is for information rather than decoration. Non-free images (copyrighted images such as screen shots, DVD covers or publicity posters) must meet the non-free content guidelines which allows them to be used only to aid critical commentary or discussion. Add images only when you are familiar with Wikipedia:Image use policy.
Using an "out-of-universe" approach
Wikipedia:Manual of Style (writing about fiction) states:
Wikipedia is an out-of-universe source, and all articles about fiction and elements of fiction should take an overall out-of-universe perspective.
This means writing about television programmes from a real-world perspective (ie. discussing the piece as fiction, rather from the perspective of one of the characters, or as if the events had really happened).
Things to avoid
- Trivia sections
- Trivia sections are unencyclopaedic, and Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. Relevant information should be integrated into the body of the article.
- Quotations
- Extensive use of these may breach copyright. Also, Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of information. Consider adding these to Wikiquote instead.
- Lists of featured music or song lyrics
- Original song lyrics for a television episode breach copyright. References to featured music should be supported by reliable sources to establish notability. Do not just list music: Wikipedia is not a directory.
- Technical errors and continuity issues ("bloopers" or "goofs")
- Unsourced sections about technical errors or continuity issues should generally be avoided. If there is a major mistake that is discussed by a reliable source it can become a part of the production section.
Dealing with problem articles
If the article(s) contain little content, consider merging or redirecting them into another article (e.g. an article about the show itself, an article that is a list of episodes of the show, or an article that summarizes the plot for one season of the show).
To start this process, tag the article(s) with {{Notability|episode}} on the page. (A proposed process for reviewing problem articles can be found at: Wikipedia:Television article review process.) If the same editor appears to have created a large number of problematic articles, please refer them to this page. Avoid listing episodes for AfD unless they are completely unverifiable and original research.
Note: Stubs are allowed on Wikipedia and many articles are stubs. It may be inappropriate to merge or redirect an article about a television episode just because it is a stub. Before executing a merge, ask yourself:
- Will the merge reduce the quality or coherence of the target article?
- Are more sources available? (Do some basic looking for additional source material that could be used to improve the article.)
If the answer to either of these questions is "yes", it is probably better to avoid merging or redirecting. Instead, consider improving it, or offer suggestions for its improvement on the talk page.
Examples of good pages
Below are examples of each type of article that have all reached featured article or featured list status.
Programme pages
"List of" pages
- List of Avatar: The Last Airbender episodes
- List of The Batman episodes
- List of The Sopranos episodes
Season pages
Episode pages
- "Abyssinia, Henry" - episode of M*A*S*H
- "Pilot" - first episode of House
- "Cape Feare" - episode of The Simpsons
- "Through the Looking Glass" - episode of Lost
See also
- Wikipedia:Notability (fiction)
- Wikipedia:Manual of Style (writing about fiction)
- Wikipedia:WikiProject Television/How to write an episode article - WikiProject guidelines and tips for articles on television episodes
- WikiProject Films guidelines on plot summaries
- WP:DEADLINE & Wikipedia:The world will not end tomorrow - 2 essays