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Northamerica1000 (talk | contribs) add image: thumb|The [[Birmingham Wholesale Markets at 4:00 AM]] |
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{{short description|Sale of goods or merchandise to retailers rather than end consumers}} |
{{short description|Sale of goods or merchandise to retailers rather than end consumers}} |
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{{Globalize|date=March 2018}} |
{{Globalize|date=March 2018}} |
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[[File:Centrala Grupy Eurocash w Komornikach.JPG|thumb|Headquarters of Eurocash Group, a Polish wholesaler]] |
[[File:Centrala Grupy Eurocash w Komornikach.JPG|thumb|Headquarters of Eurocash Group, a Polish wholesaler]] |
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[[File:Gate8 Business Park toimistorakennus.jpg|thumb|The headquarters of ''Suomen Palvelutukkurit Oy'', or ''PATU'',<ref> |
[[File:Gate8 Business Park toimistorakennus.jpg|thumb|The headquarters of ''Suomen Palvelutukkurit Oy'', or ''PATU'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://palvelutukkurit.fi/en/|title=Palvelutukkurit | PATU | Tukkuliike | Elintarvikkeet - lähiruoka|website=palvelutukkurit.fi}}</ref> is located at Gate8 Business Park in [[Vantaa]], [[Finland]]]] |
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[[File:Birmingham Wholesale Markets.jpg|thumb|The [[Birmingham Wholesale Markets]] at 4:00 |
[[File:Birmingham Wholesale Markets.jpg|thumb|The [[Birmingham Wholesale Markets]] at 4:00 am]] |
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'''Wholesaling''' or '''distributing''' is the sale of goods or [[merchandise]] to |
'''Wholesaling''' or '''distributing''' is the sale of goods or [[merchandise]] to retailers; to [[manufacturing|industrial]], commercial, [[institutional]] or other professional business users; or to other '''wholesalers''' ('''wholesale businesses''') and related subordinated services.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protocols of accession for new members since 1995, including commitments in goods and services |url=http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/completeacc_e.htm#chn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304113229/https://www.wto.org/english/theWTO_e/acc_e/completeacc_e.htm#chn |archive-date=4 March 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |publisher=[[World Trade Organization|WTO]]}}</ref> In general, it is the sale of [[good (economics)|goods]] in [[bulk sale|bulk]] to anyone other than a standard consumer. Wholesaling is the selling of merchandise to anyone either a person or an organization other than the end consumer of that merchandise. |
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Wholesaling is selling of goods in large quantities but at lower prices for selling the goods at a profit. Wholesaling is buying goods in bulk quantity at discounted rate and selling to the retailer at higher price.<ref>{{ |
Wholesaling is the selling of goods in large quantities but at lower prices for selling the goods at a profit. Wholesaling is buying goods in bulk quantity at a discounted rate and selling to the retailer at a higher price.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kolodny |first=Joseph |date=September 1949 |title=The Mechanics of Wholesaling |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1247896 |journal=Journal of Marketing |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=225 |doi=10.2307/1247896 |issn=0022-2429}}</ref> |
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According to the [[United Nations Statistics Division]], ''wholesale'' is the resale |
According to the [[United Nations Statistics Division]], ''wholesale'' is the [[:wiktionary:resale|resale]] of new and used goods to retailers, to industrial, commercial, institutional or professional users, or to other wholesalers, or involves acting as an [[Law of agency|agent]] or broker in buying merchandise for, or selling merchandise to, such persons or companies. Wholesalers frequently physically assemble, sort, and grade goods in large lots, [[breakbulk cargo|break-bulk]], repack, and redistribute in smaller lots.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Statistics Division – Classifications Registry |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=9&Lg=1&Co=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321131122/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=9&Lg=1&Co=6 |archive-date=21 March 2018 |access-date=8 May 2018 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref> While wholesalers of most products usually operate from independent premises, [[wholesale marketing]] for foodstuffs can take place at specific wholesale markets where all traders are [[:wiktionary:congregate|congregated]]. |
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Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products.<ref> |
Traditionally, wholesalers were closer to the markets they supplied than the source from which they got the products.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandler |first=A. D. |title=Scale and scope The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. |year=1994 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=29}}</ref> However, with the advent of the internet and [[e-procurement]] there is an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in China, [[Taiwan]], and Southeast Asia. |
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{{cite book |
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| last = Chandler |
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| first = A. D. |
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| title = Scale and scope The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism |
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| publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. |
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| year = 1994 |
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| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts |
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| pages = 29 |
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}} |
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</ref> However, with the advent of the internet and [[e-procurement]] there are an increasing number of wholesalers located nearer to the manufacturers in [[China]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Southeast Asia]]. |
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In the banking industry "wholesale" usually refers to [[wholesale banking]], providing tailored services to large customers, in contrast with [[retail banking]], providing standardized services to large numbers of smaller customers. |
In the banking industry "wholesale" usually refers to [[wholesale banking]], providing tailored services to large customers, in contrast with [[retail banking]], providing standardized services to large numbers of smaller customers. |
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==Taxes== |
==Taxes== |
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Often, in the United States, wholesalers are not required to charge their buyers [[sales tax]], if the buyer has a resale license in the state the wholesaler is located. Out |
Often, in the United States, wholesalers are not required to charge their buyers [[sales tax]], if the buyer has a resale license in the state the wholesaler is located. Out-of-state buyers are not charged sale tax by wholesalers.<ref>Michael Gravette, wholesaler for 32 years.</ref> |
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==Direct selling== |
==Direct selling== |
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{{Main|Direct selling|Direct marketing}} |
{{Main|Direct selling|Direct marketing}} |
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The alternative to selling wholesale to distributors or retailers is to sell |
The alternative to selling wholesale to distributors or retailers is to sell retail<ref>{{Cite web |title=Als Lieferant mitmachen |url=http://www.eu-lieferanten.de/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411083054/http://www.eu-lieferanten.de/ |archive-date=11 April 2013 |access-date=9 April 2013 |publisher=eu-lieferanten.de |language=de}}</ref> either through company-owned stores or [[E-commerce|online]]. Advantages include receiving a larger slice of the price paid by the consumer; disadvantages include difficulty in reaching consumers.<ref name="NYT03613">{{Cite news |last=Mount |first=Ian |date=6 March 2013 |title=Clothing Companies Trying to Find More Direct Paths to Customers |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/07/business/smallbusiness/clothing-companies-try-to-sell-directly-to-consumers.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307171519/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/07/business/smallbusiness/clothing-companies-try-to-sell-directly-to-consumers.html |archive-date=7 March 2013}}</ref> Direct selling is a business model wherein sellers sell the goods directly to the end customer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=JULY |date=2020 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350115408.ch-007 |work=Some Things You Should Know |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |access-date=24 November 2021}}</ref> |
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==Top wholesalers in U.S== |
==Top wholesalers in U.S== |
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Top U.S wholesalers according to |
Top U.S wholesalers according to csnews report in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=title missing |url=http://www.csnews.com/userfiles/CSN_top25.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626050355/http://www.csnews.com/userfiles/CSN_top25.pdf |archive-date=26 June 2013 |access-date=8 January 2014}}{{Dead link|date=November 2021}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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| 1||[[McLane Company|McLane Co.]]||27,300||39269||48682||96||4||20||10464||9079||2609||3007||695||561 |
| 1||[[McLane Company|McLane Co.]]||27,300||39269||48682||96||4||20||10464||9079||2609||3007||695||561 |
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| 2||[[Core-Mark |
| 2||[[Core-Mark]] Holding Co. Inc.||8,115||30000||–||50||50||28||–||5000||–||1623||271||– |
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| 3||[[Eby-Brown |
| 3||[[Eby-Brown]] Co||4,500||21000||–||70||30||7||2250||2200||2000||2045||214||– |
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| 4||[[H. T. Hackney Company|H.T. Hackney Co]]||4,000||20000||–||–||–||28||–||–||–||–||200||– |
| 4||[[H. T. Hackney Company|H.T. Hackney Co]]||4,000||20000||–||–||–||28||–||–||–||–||200||– |
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| 8||Imperial/Harrison Super regional||1,025||2950||3120||64||36||4||379||447||2704||2293||347||329 |
| 8||Imperial/Harrison Super regional||1,025||2950||3120||64||36||4||379||447||2704||2293||347||329 |
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| 9||[[AMCON Distributing |
| 9||[[AMCON Distributing]] Co.||1004||5000||–||–||–||6||601||–||1671||–||201||– |
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| 10||S. Abraham & Sons Inc.||939||3614||3079||58||42||2||440||477||2134||1969||260||306 |
| 10||S. Abraham & Sons Inc.||939||3614||3079||58||42||2||440||477||2134||1969||260||306 |
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|24||Thomas & Howard Co. Inc.||250||1500||2300||47||53||3||300||300||833||833||167||109 |
|24||Thomas & Howard Co. Inc.||250||1500||2300||47||53||3||300||300||833||833||167||109 |
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| 25||[[Allen Brothers |
| 25||[[Allen Brothers]] Wholesale Dist. Inc.||230||1358||930||33||67||1||65||72||3538||3194||169||247 |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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{{Wiktionary|wholesale}} |
{{Wiktionary|wholesale}} |
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{{Portal|Business}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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{{Real estate}} |
{{Real estate}} |